August 1997 Gasification Archive

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Fri Aug 1 18:57:40 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small is sometimes beautiful
Message-ID: <199708011843_MC2-1C24-BCCC@compuserve.com>

Thomas B. Reed 303 278 0558 V Colorado School of Mines
1810 Smith Rd., 303 278 0560 FX Department Chem Eng
Golden, CO 80401 ReedTB@Compuserve.com
ALSO: The Biomass Energy (non-profit)Foundation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Harry, Jane, Antonio et al:

[Someone attributed "Small is Beautiful" (by E. F. Schumaker, 1973) to
Amory Lovins (Soft Energy Paths,1977 etc. etc). Probably neither author
will like this.]

Glad to hear this debate on appropriate scale; hope we can keep it
non-acrimonious.
Harry asked for examples of where Small can economically compete with Big,
and a few have been given already - small oil wells (I liked the
pin-cushion analogy), Pcs vs mainframes....

I have been noticing in my travels that in countries that don't have good
telephone systems (most of the world) that cellular phones are taking over.
Saves the cost of installing phone lines, opens competition to non-state
run companies. The advent of the PC is certainly another good example of
small competing with large.

The automobile is a good example of individual cars being more
time-efficient than trains in much of the world. There is a lot of blather
about the beauty of public transportation, but the blatherers always seem
to be using cars.
I
have long felt that Schumaker chose the wrong title for his book. Should
have been "Appropriate Size is Beautiful". The bicycle and motor bikes in
many parts of the world compete very well with public transportation and
cars.

The best counter-example to "Small is Beautiful" was the Mao dictated small
steel production in China that set them back 20 years. Wow! Beware
IDEALOGUES.

So... Let's see if we can find a rational for small vs big.

Manufacturing of standard items has a big edge for at least moderate size.
True, Harry that BIG can bring in efficiencies denied to small. The
CELLULAR PHONE will probably never be produced in mom and pop factories.
CARS are currently produced by mamouth corporations. However, I was
surprised to learn that in India there are thousands of producers of diesel
engines, essentially handmade.

It would seem in part to depend on the level of technology that is
developed. We developed trains before cars because we didn't know how to
make small cheap cars. Likewise computers Main frame vs Pc.

So, very often the problem with small is that we havn't developed the
technology yet.

This discussion is relevant to the STOVE and GASIFIER nodes of CREST.

STOVERS: In the developed countries we KNOW how to cook well and
efficiently - provided we are located on a high tech power transmission
line or gas line, and have a utility distributor in place to provide and
repair. The problem we are trying to solve in STOVES is how to (a) use a
simpler fuel, biomass, and (b) do it without electric power. If we could
all do this easily, it would be widely used (3 billion people). They can
then bypass putting in central power, and maybe use local generation for
power.

GASIFICATION: This in turn depends on being able to generate electric power
simply at a small scale. It is coming along nicely with improved engine
conversion and low tar gasifiers. Keep working on it. The ultimate small
is the integrated gasifier turbine system using combined cycle (IGCC),
(1-50MW) permitting small turbines to achieve a higher efficiency (40-50%)
than large steam plants.

Out of gas...., breakfast calling TOM
REED

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Sun Aug 3 17:14:09 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasifier Data Base Entries
Message-ID: <199708031714_MC2-1C43-1F8B@compuserve.com>

Some of you may have had a letter or fax from me in the last week, seeking
information, in which case you can ignore this.

If not, the following letter is self-explanatory. I hope you can send me
data on your interests if appropriate.

If you know of anyone in gasification who does not belong to the
GASIFICATION or STOVE network of CREST, please pass this along to them.

Thanks in advance, TOM REED
~~~~
Thomas B. Reed
COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES
Chemical Engineering and
Petroleum Refining Department
Golden, CO 80401

303/278-0558 Fax: 303/278 0560 E Mail: reedtb@compuserve.com

Dear Sirs:

As you may know, we are completing "VOLUME I: Gasifier Projects and
Manufacturers Around the World" of our two volume "Survey of Biomass
Gasification". (Volume II will cover the science and engineering of
biomass gasification). This work has been funded by the National Renewable
energy Laboratory, NREL, here in Golden, CO. We hope that it will be a
major reference in this field for many years to come.

We currently have a data base with files on more than 80 manufacturers and
research groups. We are completing our final draft and want to be sure
that you are accurately and thoroughly represented.

1) Please look over the enclosed record summary of our current data on
your company/organization and make any corrections necessary. We are
keeping a dynamic spreadsheet on the gasifier community and want to be sure
that it is accurate.
We hope to have the data available on the World Wide Web soon. If you are
not the most appropriate contact, please list an alternate. Fill in as
many of the other blanks as you can, or write "NA"(not applicable). In
particular, under fuels list the fuels you have actually used, not those
you suspect might be OK.

2) In addition to the spreadsheet records, we have extended summaries of a
number of groups based in part on visits and partly on previously published
data. If you have new information about current activities, please send it
and we will incorporate it in our narrative chapters. We can include
drawings and pictures.
3) We may present this material at the Montreal Biomass of the Americas
conference meeting in late August. In any case, we hope to complete the
final draft in September. So we must insist on receiving your reply by
August 10. Just as easy to do it now as later.
Thank you in advance for your cooperation and we assure you that you will
be well represented in our book. You can FAX the handwritten answers
back.
Yours very truly,

Thomas B. Reed, Research Professor
~~~~
GASIFIER DATA SHEET

TYPE: (Large System, >10MW; SMALL; R&D Organization)

PROJECT: (Name, affiliations, partners, ....)

DESCRIPTION: (Fixed bed, updraft, downdraft, Fluidized bed Bubbling,
circulating, high pressure, .....)

CONTACT: (Name of person to receive inquiries)

COUNTRY: (US, Sweden, Mali,...)

PHONE/FAX:

ADDRESS:

E-MAIL:

PURPOSE: (Heat, power, syn-fuels, ...)

STATUS: (Active, planning, holding, defunct)

FUELS: (Fuels actually tested, wood, bagasse, MSW...)

SIZES: (eg. 10 MW, 50 t/d, ....)

UNITS BUILT: (Number built and tested )

COST: (eg. $5M for 5 MW plant; or better, $4,000/kW)

COMMENTS: (Be my guest, brag a little)

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Sun Aug 3 17:27:31 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: sustainability and technical development
Message-ID: <199708031714_MC2-1C43-1F8F@compuserve.com>

1) Great news about the Allied Signal 75 Kw turbines. I see natural gas
as the primary energy source for the next century as oil runs out. The
deposits of gas hydrates at the bottom of the ocean exceed all other fossil
fuel deposists combined. And natural gas can most easily run those
tubines, generating 30% power and 70% heat (useful for both heat and air
conditioning). By removing unstable hydrates from the ocean floor and
converting them to energy, CO2 and H2O, we can reduce the greenhouse effect
from released methane.

2) While modifications may be needed, in principle these turbine
generators can probably run on producer gas which has 1/6 of the energy of
methane. Or inverted downdraft gas which probably has 1/3 or better of the
energy of methane.

3) You are probably more correct than you know in saying that eveyone on
our bioenergy list "believes" in sustainability. However, as I pointed out
in my comments on large scale/small scale, believing in sustainability is
one thing, achieving small scale is quite another, and most of the problems
in achieving it are TECHNICAL. So, let's not have too much talk on
desirability and more on methods of achieving it.

4) It is unfortunate that those with the capability of making technical
advances (like Allied Signal) don't worry too much about the desirability
of achieving sustainability, while those worrying about the desirability
generally can't make any contribution except more talk and anguish. C'est
la vie. So we bumble on in the right direction.

4) Would it be practical for garbage disposals to feed their ground up
solids into a basement tank and digest them for methane?

Onward, TOM REED

From donj at aloha.net Sun Aug 3 18:40:33 1997
From: donj at aloha.net (Don Jacobs)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: sustainability and technical development
Message-ID: <v01530503b00ab9325b50@[207.12.10.61]>

At 5:14 PM 8/3/97, Thomas Reed wrote:
>Thomas B. Reed 303 278 0558 V Colorado School of Mines
>1810 Smith Rd., 303 278 0560 FX Department Chem Eng
>Golden, CO 80401 ReedTB@Compuserve.com
>ALSO: The Biomass Energy (non-profit)Foundation
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>Ron et al:
>
>1) Great news about the Allied Signal 75 Kw turbines. I see natural gas
>as the primary energy source for the next century as oil runs out. The
>deposits of gas hydrates at the bottom of the ocean exceed all other fossil
>fuel deposists combined. And natural gas can most easily run those
>tubines, generating 30% power and 70% heat (useful for both heat and air
>conditioning). By removing unstable hydrates from the ocean floor and
>converting them to energy, CO2 and H2O, we can reduce the greenhouse effect
>from released methane.
>
>2) While modifications may be needed, in principle these turbine
>generators can probably run on producer gas which has 1/6 of the energy of
>methane. Or inverted downdraft gas which probably has 1/3 or better of the
>energy of methane.
>
They also run well on ethanol

Don Jacobs

From BeedieD at cardiff.ac.uk Mon Aug 4 12:04:18 1997
From: BeedieD at cardiff.ac.uk (David Beedie)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasification specialist and supplier
Message-ID: <B0EC7B35F5@nrd1s.cf.ac.uk>

Dr. Donald C. Patrick has asked me to inform this list of his
activities: he specialises in biomass gasification and has
designed a range of commercially available gasifier/engine generators
from 30kWe up to several hundred kWe, with a demonstration unit
operating at the factory. He works with Shawton Engineering Ltd.,
at this address:
Unit 1,
Junction Lane,
Sankey Valley Industrial Estate,
Newton-Le-Willows, WA12 8DN,
UK.
His home Tel/FAX is: 01925 723369.
Please contact him directly if you would like further information.
[ He is not as yet internet connected. ]

Message Ends.
***************************************************************
** **
** Note home telephone number now restored as previously !! **
** **
***************************************************************
David Beedie PhD
School of Engineering, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
email: BeedieD@cardiff
Office Tel. 01222 874683; 874000 ext.5927(lab.)
Home tel: 762197
*******************************************************

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Thu Aug 7 07:56:48 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: CREST PROCEDURES
Message-ID: <199708070757_MC2-1C8D-406F@compuserve.com>

I just came across the following message that Tom Miles sent a few months
ago.

Yes, it is wonderful the amount of information flying around the Internet
and the ease with which we can find SOME of it.

However, just a gentle reminder that the SUBJECT above is an opportunity
for you to think about what KEY WORDS you would like to have appear,
describing your contents, so that future search engines can find your
golden works.

And thanks, to all I've heard from in the last week with added information
for my burgeoning database in "Gasification Around the World".

Yours truly, Tom Reed
~~~~
>Dear TOM REED:

The internet presents continuing challenges to information management. In
just a few short months (or is it years now) we've seen exciting growth in
bioenergy infomration available online. The search engines and information
systems have not kept pace, but we have seen improvement. Look at the
Excite! search engine now used by NREL, the evolution of the BIN project,
EREN, Common Purpose and others.

Good information systems require fairly substantial investments in people
and programming. CREST has developed in interesting and useful directions.
I think we will probably see them progress in new information management
and retrieval systems.

Keywords obviously help that process. If we start using them more others
may imitate

Tom Miles, Jr.
<

From bentermm at convertech.co.nz Sun Aug 10 16:57:27 1997
From: bentermm at convertech.co.nz (Markus M Benter)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: PhD position in Berlin, GERMANY
Message-ID: <v01540b00b01482bc6fe7@[202.37.189.5]>

Dear all,

At the Technical University of Berlin, a paid PhD position is available,
starting September/October 97.

Project: Biomass gasification modelling, a partly EEC funded project. If
anyone out there is interested and speaks German or knows of anybody,
please get in contact with me ASAP.

Regards
Markus Benter

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Markus M Benter
Energy and Process Engineer
Scott Convertech Ltd
PO Box 13 776
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.html

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Mon Aug 11 15:39:13 1997
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970811143950.0077e7b4@pop-3.iastate.edu>

Dear gasification internet readers:

We have constructed a 5 ton/day fluidized biomass gasifier at Iowa State
University to study gasification of agricultural wastes (specifically waste
seed corn) and dedicated energy crops (specifically switchgrass). We
currently flare the product gas but would like to install an efficient
burner or boiler for this low Btu gas. We haven't had much luck in finding
a commercial supplier for such equipment.

We would welcome suggestions for suppliers of such commercial equipment.

Thanks for considering my question.

Robert C. Brown
Iowa State University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
Ames, IA 50011
Tel: 515-294-8733
Fax: 515-294-3261
E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html

From tmiles at teleport.com Mon Aug 11 22:47:40 1997
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970811193930.00afeb18@mail.teleport.com>

Robert,

We found that we have had to design burners and flares especially for low
btu gas
at both the 5 MW gasification facility in North Powder, Oregon and at the
pilot facility (60 MMBtuh) on Maui. The advantage of designing your own
burners is that you can ensure control, flame stability, ignition, etc. The
"off the shelf" products are adaptations from Natural Gas that don't
necessarily put the right amount of combustion air in the right place at
the right velocity.

Regards,

Tom

At 02:39 PM 8/11/97 -0500, you wrote:
>Dear gasification internet readers:
>
>We have constructed a 5 ton/day fluidized biomass gasifier at Iowa State
>University to study gasification of agricultural wastes (specifically waste
>seed corn) and dedicated energy crops (specifically switchgrass). We
>currently flare the product gas but would like to install an efficient
>burner or boiler for this low Btu gas. We haven't had much luck in finding
>a commercial supplier for such equipment.
>
>We would welcome suggestions for suppliers of such commercial equipment.
>
>Thanks for considering my question.
>
>
>Robert C. Brown
>Iowa State University
>Department of Mechanical Engineering
>2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
>Ames, IA 50011
>Tel: 515-294-8733
>Fax: 515-294-3261
>E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
>http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html
>
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Thomas R. Miles, Jr., Consultant tmiles@teleport.com

5475 SW Arrowwood Lane http://www.teleport.com/~tmiles/
Portland, Oregon, USA 97225-1353 Tel (503) 292-0107 Fax (503) 292-2919

From Mark.E.Ludlow at s.transport.com Tue Aug 12 01:14:53 1997
From: Mark.E.Ludlow at s.transport.com (Mark E. Ludlow)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970811193930.00afeb18@mail.teleport.com>
Message-ID: <199708120516.WAA02721@s.transport.com>

Tom Miles wrote...
> We found that we have had to design burners and flares especially
> for low btu gas at both the 5 MW gasification facility in North
> Powder, Oregon and at the pilot facility (60 MMBtuh) on Maui. The
> advantage of designing your own burners is that you can ensure
> control, flame stability, ignition, etc. The "off the shelf"
> products are adaptations from Natural Gas that don't necessarily put
> the right amount of combustion air in the right place at the right
> velocity.

What are the salient differences between low BTU or "dirty"
gas burners and NG burners? Thanks.

Mark Ludlow
Protein Recovery, Inc.

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Tue Aug 12 09:06:57 1997
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C. Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <199708121308.IAA19077@mailhub.iastate.edu>

Tom: Thanks for the advice. We were starting to suspect as much.

Robert

At 07:51 PM 8/11/97 -0700, you wrote:
>Robert,
>
>We found that we have had to design burners and flares especially for low
>btu gas
>at both the 5 MW gasification facility in North Powder, Oregon and at the
>pilot facility (60 MMBtuh) on Maui. The advantage of designing your own
>burners is that you can ensure control, flame stability, ignition, etc. The
>"off the shelf" products are adaptations from Natural Gas that don't
>necessarily put the right amount of combustion air in the right place at
>the right velocity.
>
>Regards,
>
>Tom
>
>
>At 02:39 PM 8/11/97 -0500, you wrote:
>>Dear gasification internet readers:
>>
>>We have constructed a 5 ton/day fluidized biomass gasifier at Iowa State
>>University to study gasification of agricultural wastes (specifically waste
>>seed corn) and dedicated energy crops (specifically switchgrass). We
>>currently flare the product gas but would like to install an efficient
>>burner or boiler for this low Btu gas. We haven't had much luck in finding
>>a commercial supplier for such equipment.
>>
>>We would welcome suggestions for suppliers of such commercial equipment.
>>
>>Thanks for considering my question.
>>
>>
>>Robert C. Brown
>>Iowa State University
>>Department of Mechanical Engineering
>>2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
>>Ames, IA 50011
>>Tel: 515-294-8733
>>Fax: 515-294-3261
>>E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
>>http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html
>>
>>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>-------
>Thomas R. Miles, Jr., Consultant tmiles@teleport.com
>
>5475 SW Arrowwood Lane http://www.teleport.com/~tmiles/
>Portland, Oregon, USA 97225-1353 Tel (503) 292-0107 Fax (503) 292-2919
>
>

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Tue Aug 12 09:09:47 1997
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C. Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <199708121311.IAA18537@mailhub.iastate.edu>

Mark: The dirty gas burners are supported by natural gas to burn the dirty
gas. Heating value of dirty gas is typically not high enough to support a
stabilized flame without supplemental gas.

Robert Brown

At 10:13 PM 8/11/97 +0000, you wrote:
>Tom Miles wrote...
>> We found that we have had to design burners and flares especially
>> for low btu gas at both the 5 MW gasification facility in North
>> Powder, Oregon and at the pilot facility (60 MMBtuh) on Maui. The
>> advantage of designing your own burners is that you can ensure
>> control, flame stability, ignition, etc. The "off the shelf"
>> products are adaptations from Natural Gas that don't necessarily put
>> the right amount of combustion air in the right place at the right
>> velocity.
>
>What are the salient differences between low BTU or "dirty"
>gas burners and NG burners? Thanks.
>
>Mark Ludlow
>Protein Recovery, Inc.
>

From jaturnbu at ix.netcom.com Tue Aug 12 17:43:57 1997
From: jaturnbu at ix.netcom.com (Jane H. Turnbull)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970811143950.0077e7b4@pop-3.iastate.edu>
Message-ID: <33F06421.6FD7@ix.netcom.com>

Robert-

I have heard from the Jenbacher distributor that they have a low NOx
spark ignited engine with better than 38% efficiency which is being used
extensively in Europe in landfill and digester gas applications. I
assume that it would work well in the 450 to 700 Btu range.

Jane Turnbull

From tmiles at teleport.com Wed Aug 13 04:43:00 1997
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970813014314.00af68c0@mail.teleport.com>

We use a NG or propane pilot for safety only. A well designed burner can
develop a stable flame without auxiliary fuel.

NG has 1000 btu/scf compared with Producer gas at 150 Btu/scf such that you
need approximately 1 cf air per cf producer gas, several times what you
would use to burn NG.

Combustion air and low btu gas are similar in density which requires some
special arrangements to get them to "dance" together.

Ignition and flame stability are challenges with low BTU gas, requiring
special burner design.

Since there has been no large market for low btu gas burners, mfgrs
"stretch" existing designs to suit. Results are not often satisfactory

Tom

At 08:13 AM 8/12/97 -0500, you wrote:
>Mark: The dirty gas burners are supported by natural gas to burn the dirty
>gas. Heating value of dirty gas is typically not high enough to support a
>stabilized flame without supplemental gas.
>
>Robert Brown
>
>At 10:13 PM 8/11/97 +0000, you wrote:
>>Tom Miles wrote...
>>> We found that we have had to design burners and flares especially
>>> for low btu gas at both the 5 MW gasification facility in North
>>> Powder, Oregon and at the pilot facility (60 MMBtuh) on Maui. The
>>> advantage of designing your own burners is that you can ensure
>>> control, flame stability, ignition, etc. The "off the shelf"
>>> products are adaptations from Natural Gas that don't necessarily put
>>> the right amount of combustion air in the right place at the right
>>> velocity.
>>
>>What are the salient differences between low BTU or "dirty"
>>gas burners and NG burners? Thanks.
>>
>>Mark Ludlow
>>Protein Recovery, Inc.
>>
>
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Thomas R. Miles, Jr., Consultant tmiles@teleport.com

5475 SW Arrowwood Lane http://www.teleport.com/~tmiles/
Portland, Oregon, USA 97225-1353 Tel (503) 292-0107 Fax (503) 292-2919

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Wed Aug 13 13:54:13 1997
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970813125440.009efa4c@pop-3.iastate.edu>

Jane:

Thanks for the information.

Robert

At 01:24 PM 8/12/97 +0000, you wrote:
>Robert-
>
>I have heard from the Jenbacher distributor that they have a low NOx
>spark ignited engine with better than 38% efficiency which is being used
>extensively in Europe in landfill and digester gas applications. I
>assume that it would work well in the 450 to 700 Btu range.
>
>Jane Turnbull
>
>
>
Robert C. Brown
Iowa State University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
Ames, IA 50011
Tel: 515-294-8733
Fax: 515-294-3261
E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html

From sowinder at giasbg01.vsnl.net.in Wed Aug 13 14:23:06 1997
From: sowinder at giasbg01.vsnl.net.in (Sowinder Singh)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970811143950.0077e7b4@pop-3.iastate.edu>
Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.19970813234908.006b346c@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in>

Jane:

We are presently involved in generation of power by use of producer gas
with diesel gensets in dual fuel mode. This leads to approx. 70 percent
diesel substitution by woody biomass.

The information provided by you is very interesting in that the Jenbacher
spark ignition engines could probably lead to complete substitution of
petroleum fuels by woody biomass. This is of great relevance in rural areas
here in India where petroleum fuels are not easily available. The Jenbacher
engines could therefore be used to produce electricity completely from
biomass which is abundantly available in these areas.

I have two queries :

1) Will the Jenbacher engines be suitable for producer gas with calorific
value of 1000 Kcal / Nm3 ?

2) Do the Jenbacher engines require power or petroleum fuel for startup or
can they be started up directly on
gas?

Could you also provide me with contact information of Jenbacher or its
distributor.

Sowinder

From hboiler at rose.net Wed Aug 13 17:09:26 1997
From: hboiler at rose.net (Hurst Boiler Co.)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970811143950.0077e7b4@pop-3.iastate.edu>
Message-ID: <33F23005.415E@rose.net>

Dear Robert,

Can you give me some specifications on flow and BTU content? We
manufacture what you require.

Robert C Brown wrote:
>
> Dear gasification internet readers:
>
> We have constructed a 5 ton/day fluidized biomass gasifier at Iowa State
> University to study gasification of agricultural wastes (specifically waste
> seed corn) and dedicated energy crops (specifically switchgrass). We
> currently flare the product gas but would like to install an efficient
> burner or boiler for this low Btu gas. We haven't had much luck in finding
> a commercial supplier for such equipment.

Best regards,

Gene Zebley
Export Sales Manager
Solid Fuel Sales

Hurst Boiler Co. Mailto:hboiler@rose.net
HWY 319 South Phone: (912)346-3545 ext. 139
Coolidge, GA, USA 31738 In USA (800)666-6414
Fax: (912)346-3874

From jaturnbu at ix.netcom.com Wed Aug 13 17:14:17 1997
From: jaturnbu at ix.netcom.com (Jane H. Turnbull)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970811143950.0077e7b4@pop-3.iastate.edu>
Message-ID: <33F1B40E.490F@ix.netcom.com>

Sowinder:

I'm not really an expert on the Jenbacher engines; thus, I suggest that
you contact the company directly. The distributor with whom I've talked
is Carl Demelo who is in Foster City, CA with International Power
Technology. Phone is 415/372-9040 and fax is 415/372/9049. The parent
company also has a home page - http://www.jenbacher.com

Their emphasis has been on medium Btu gas, so I don't know how low Btu
gas would work.

Good luck!

Jane

From bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es Thu Aug 14 03:44:08 1997
From: bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es (Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: low Btu gas...
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19970814074602.006c7d00@posta.unizar.es>

Dear list members,

A colleague in our Department is interested in to come into contact with
some designer or manufacturer of classical or low NOx coal pulverized burners.

Please, direct your message towards this address: uxue@posta.unizar.es (I am
going to have some holidays!!)

Thank you

Pedro
*********************************************************
Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente
(Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering)
Centro Politécnico Superior
María de Luna, 3. 50015-Zaragoza (Spain)
ph: +34-976761880
fax: +34-976761861
e-mail: bacaicoa@posta.unizar.es

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Thu Aug 14 07:08:43 1997
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
Message-ID: <199708140709_MC2-1D19-39CC@compuserve.com>

Here's a serious letter that can affect the future of gasification and all
our individual futures.

It is 4 AM , Sunday morning and the rest of the house is asleep. I'm
sitting here writing you because I had an exciting thought and can't get
back to sleep.

It's amazing that CREST has given us the opportunity to be a family - a
community of those interested in GASIFICATION and its potential for making
this a better world, (while we hope it can make each of us rich and famous
- ha!). Most of us work most of the time to further our own self
interests in this field, but we should remember that each time one of us
has a small or large success, the world takes a little more interest.
(Currently, the interest level is at about 5 on a scale of 1-1000!). In
the US we are all holding our breaths for the success of BGF in Hawaii and
BURLINGTON-BATTELLE.

Our success depends to some extent on our own efforts, so we can forge
ahead on our own, and who needs the INTERNET. But it also succeeds on
knowing the science and engineering of gasification, so we read books, go
to meetings, keep our ears to the ground, talk to colleagues,... .
Sometimes we have particular secrets that we are very careful not to tell
others in our field because we want to maintain a competitive edge. Fine.
But much of the time we like to tell special knowledge to others, it often
clarifies our own thinking to communicate it and hear it come back with
"yes and did you also know"s from colleagues.

So, E-mail and CREST offer us the opportunity to become a solid community
with a "shared consciousness", as if we were a close family that got
together for Sunday dinner and talked over the week's happenings.
~~~~
I have been surprised at how little E-mail I get on the GASIFICATION node
of CREST. I believe there are about 100 of us signed up and as
CO-WEBMASTER (with Esteban Chornet) I get 1 - 2 letters a week. BORING!

I also belong to the STOVE node of CREST (Ron Larson, Webmaster). This
spring, that node took fire [ : } ]and typically I get 3-4 letters a day,
some of them reporting on experiments that were discussed only a few days
before. It is really exciting! We are seeing advances in weeks in a field
that hasn't changed a lot in 10,000 years.

Enough with the philosophy - you knew I was leading up to something.
~~~~
If any of you don't belong to GASIFICATION in CREST, let me urge you to
sign up by sending the message "subscribe gasification" to
"majordomo@crest.org". (Put "subscribe" in the subject box.) And if you
don't like it, send the message "unsubscribe" the same way. Simple?

I am currently preparing a poster for the 3rd BIOMASS OF THE AMERICAS
meeting in Montreal, Aug. 24. The poster will focus on our forthcoming
book, "Survey of Biomass Gasification", and particularly on Volume I,
"Gasifier Projects and Manufcturers Around the World". It was commisioned
by the National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, in 1995 and is long overdue,
but I hope to go to press in October.

The book contains an MS ACCESS database which I hope will list everyone
working in the field of gasification. I hope that soon the database will
also be available on the WWW for all of us to use to keep up with
gasification. The database contains phone and fax numbers for all entrees,
but it also has SOME E-Mail addresses, those listed below. (It also has a
dozen other entries - type of gasifier, company name, years in
business.....)

This message is going to TWO lists; GASIFICATION at CREST, and the GAS-LIST
in my directory, those appearing in the book. If you receive this message
1) I have sent it for your general information, and you don't want to be
on my list. Let me know and I will take you off.
2) You are either in the GASIFICATION list, or in the DATABASE, or
BOTH. I'm trying to sort that out. (Hey, where's Boole???)
Please send me a message that you have received this twice.
3) If you want to be listed both ways, fine. If you only want to know
things relative to GASIFICATION in general, tell me to take
you off GAS-LIST.
4) If you only want to keep current on the DATA BASE and BOOK,
UNSUBSCRIBE From GASIFICATION (majordomo@crest.org).
~~~~
By sending this note to those whose address I have in the book (GAS-LIST)
and those already in GASIFICATION, I accomplish several things.

1) If any of the addresses are wrong, my E-mail server (Compuserve) will
send me a nasty note "message undeliverable". I'll check my database entry
and try again.

2) If any of you are working in gasification, but are not in the book and
would like to be listed in our directory of SMALL GASIFIERS, LARGE
GASIFIER SYSTEMS, or GASIFICATION R&D, please let me know and I will get
you a listing form.

3) If any of you know you are in the book, but haven't given me your
E-mail address, let me know and I will add it to the database.

4) If any of you know other colleagues not listed here, wait a few days
and we will get a list of the members of GASIFICATION to you. If they
aren't there either, please forward this message to them.

5) If you don't like the way I spell your name correct me. If you want
umlauts, circonflexes, and other diacritical marks, talk to GOD (ie,
Microsoft or Compuserve or Netscape).

So, please check the list and if I have your name, but not E-mail, send
E-mail address to me promptly.
~~~~
Wow! My apologies if this sounds complicated. I hope it will help
establish the a Gasification community that can get a lot more done than
100 isolated groups occasionally attending a meeting together.

And now, it is 6 Am. I'll send this out, collect my new E-mails and brew
some coffee and get the paper before the household wakes up.

THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR HELP,

Yours truly, TOM REED (Webmaster)
~~~~
PS Had trouble sending this - trying again.
~~~~
CURRENT GASIFICATION CONTACTS AND E-MAIL LISTED IN BOOK

(Alphabetized by first name)
Stephen C. Brand thermogenics@worldnet.att.net
Andras Horvath
Andrew P. Chick apchick@dmu.ac.uk
Anil K. Rajvanshi root@nimbkar.ernet.in
B. C. Jain ankur.energy@smn.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in
Beedie, Dave beedied@cf.ac.uk
Ben Wiant bgfmaui@maui.net
Bill Ayres
Charles McGowin
Dave Clements,
David Runyon
Dennis C. Williams powersou@aol.com
Dennis Caputo, VP
Donald C. Patrick
Doug Williams graeme@powerlink.co.nz
Drummon Hislop
E. Kurkela
Eduardo Carpentieri carpent@elogica.com.br
Edward G. Gjerde sur-lite@deltanet.com
Eric Rensfelt tps@tps.se
Executive Secretary
F. Barducci - WWW
G. Campagnola
G. M. Satyanarayana
Gao Xiansheng
Gerald Fleischman gfleisch@idwr.state.id.us
Gil Cervantez
Great Lakes Reg. Biomass
H.Sharan 100343.210@compuserve.com
Henriksen, Ulrik gaspro@inet.uni-c.dk
Herbert. J. Fruth
Hiroshi Tamura
Ian Kearney
J. Albrecht
J. Martin (F. Bourgois)bourgois@term.uci.ac.be martin@te
James Childress
Jochen Keller
Joe D. Craig
Johansson, K. G.
John Irving
Joseph Beurskens
Jurgen Fromm
K. Durai-Swamy
Kari Rananen
Kari Salo
Kevin Bolin
Krister Sjostrom Krister@chemtech.kth.se
Lars Stromberg
Les Blevins lbj@cjnetworks.com
Les Blevins
M. J. Vigouroux
M. Onischak, S. Babu
Magnus Neergard
Marc Kalish
Mark A Paisley
Mats Wallin
Michael Cole, Pres.
Michael Eley
Michael L. Murphy EPI@EnergyProducts.com
Michael Madsen
Mounir Mazzawi
Mukunda, H. S.
na
Nick Barker (Project Officer)
Nigel Viney
Ole Kristensen
P. Freimann
P. Juch
Pedro Garcia-Bacaicoa
Prof. Esteban Chornet
Prof. Esteban Chornet echornet@coupal.gcm.usherb.ca
Ragnar Lundqvist
Ravi Randhava
Raymond L. Coxe
Richard McLellan
Robert Bender chiptec@together.net
Ron Bailey Jr. prmesron@mail.snider.net
Ron Menville
S. Hulkkonen weppo.hulkkonen@ivo.fi
S. Joseph biomass@fastlink.com.au
Scott Q. Turn ssturn@hawaii.edu
Soren Houmoller houmoller@DK-Teknik.Dk
Henrik Jakobsen
Stan Abrams
Thomas Milne milnet@tcplink.nrel.gov
V. V. N. Kishore mailbox@teri.ernet.in
W Kaminsky, Norbert Grittner
Xu Min

From hboiler at rose.net Thu Aug 14 09:28:06 1997
From: hboiler at rose.net (Hurst Boiler Co.)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
In-Reply-To: <199708140709_MC2-1D19-39CC@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <33F31564.6FF4@rose.net>

Thomas,

Did you receive the following message?

Thomas Reed wrote:
> I must have skimmed your note enough to see "boiler" and "grate" and
> thought it was a combustion system. Are they gasification systems in the
> legal sense (tax credit) sense?

How about 56 installations in the legal (tax credit) sense?

> Is there a place in your system where you could take a sample of gas and
> find an energy content of >100 Btu/scf? If so, I would be inclined to
> include your data, even if you don't satisfy the legal description.

Does 110 BTU/scf qualify?

> Please let me know, since you are probably very near the border of
> Gasification and Combustion.

We know there is a VERY thin line and we push it both ways all the time
\;-)
We currently market our gasification system in conjunction with our
boiler systems. In the past two years we've begun installing STAG (stand
alone gasification) units to retrofit steam generating systems which
were installed with inadequate combustion systems capable of only
producing a fraction of the necessary heat output. This system has huge
potential for similar retrofits all over the world. I'll fax a drawing
to your attention.

--
Best regards,

Gene Zebley
Export Sales Manager
Solid Fuel Sales

Hurst Boiler Co. Mailto:hboiler@rose.net
HWY 319 South Phone: (912)346-3545 ext. 139
Coolidge, GA, USA 31738 In USA (800)666-6414
Fax: (912)346-3874

From JIRVING104 at aol.com Thu Aug 14 10:03:23 1997
From: JIRVING104 at aol.com (JIRVING104@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
Message-ID: <970814100237_382411400@emout09.mail.aol.com>

Tom, thanks for your note and I'll get the information back to you soon.
Construction on the Vermont Gasifier is going again after a brief pause. We
expect to begin startup late next month, and initial gasification is
scheduled for mid October. I look forward to your visit to McNeil Station
while you're at the conference. I suggested that Mike Epstein from EPRI
join our group but you might want to talk to him also at mepstein@EPRI.com
John Irving, McNeil Plant Manager

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Thu Aug 14 13:17:41 1997
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970814121755.0072efec@pop-3.iastate.edu>

Tom: Could you add the following people to your gasification contacts:

Robert C. Brown, Iowa State University, rcbrown@iastate.edu
Jerod Smeenk, Carbon Energy Technology, Inc., 3115 Sycamore Rd., Ames, IA
50014

Thanks

Robert Brown

At 07:09 AM 8/14/97 -0400, you wrote:
>Thomas B. Reed 303 278 0558 V Colorado School of Mines
>1810 Smith Rd., 303 278 0560 FX Department Chem Eng
>Golden, CO 80401 ReedTB@Compuserve.com
>ALSO: The Biomass Energy (non-profit)Foundation
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>DEAR GASIFICATION COMMUNITY:
>
>Here's a serious letter that can affect the future of gasification and all
>our individual futures.
>
>It is 4 AM , Sunday morning and the rest of the house is asleep. I'm
>sitting here writing you because I had an exciting thought and can't get
>back to sleep.
>
>It's amazing that CREST has given us the opportunity to be a family - a
>community of those interested in GASIFICATION and its potential for making
>this a better world, (while we hope it can make each of us rich and famous
>- ha!). Most of us work most of the time to further our own self
>interests in this field, but we should remember that each time one of us
>has a small or large success, the world takes a little more interest.
>(Currently, the interest level is at about 5 on a scale of 1-1000!). In
>the US we are all holding our breaths for the success of BGF in Hawaii and
>BURLINGTON-BATTELLE.
>
>Our success depends to some extent on our own efforts, so we can forge
>ahead on our own, and who needs the INTERNET. But it also succeeds on
>knowing the science and engineering of gasification, so we read books, go
>to meetings, keep our ears to the ground, talk to colleagues,... .
>Sometimes we have particular secrets that we are very careful not to tell
>others in our field because we want to maintain a competitive edge. Fine.
>But much of the time we like to tell special knowledge to others, it often
>clarifies our own thinking to communicate it and hear it come back with
>"yes and did you also know"s from colleagues.
>
>So, E-mail and CREST offer us the opportunity to become a solid community
>with a "shared consciousness", as if we were a close family that got
>together for Sunday dinner and talked over the week's happenings.
> ~~~~
>I have been surprised at how little E-mail I get on the GASIFICATION node
>of CREST. I believe there are about 100 of us signed up and as
>CO-WEBMASTER (with Esteban Chornet) I get 1 - 2 letters a week. BORING!
>
>I also belong to the STOVE node of CREST (Ron Larson, Webmaster). This
>spring, that node took fire [ : } ]and typically I get 3-4 letters a day,
>some of them reporting on experiments that were discussed only a few days
>before. It is really exciting! We are seeing advances in weeks in a field
>that hasn't changed a lot in 10,000 years.
>
>Enough with the philosophy - you knew I was leading up to something.
> ~~~~
>If any of you don't belong to GASIFICATION in CREST, let me urge you to
>sign up by sending the message "subscribe gasification" to
>"majordomo@crest.org". (Put "subscribe" in the subject box.) And if you
>don't like it, send the message "unsubscribe" the same way. Simple?
>
>I am currently preparing a poster for the 3rd BIOMASS OF THE AMERICAS
>meeting in Montreal, Aug. 24. The poster will focus on our forthcoming
>book, "Survey of Biomass Gasification", and particularly on Volume I,
>"Gasifier Projects and Manufcturers Around the World". It was commisioned
>by the National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, in 1995 and is long overdue,
>but I hope to go to press in October.
>
>The book contains an MS ACCESS database which I hope will list everyone
>working in the field of gasification. I hope that soon the database will
>also be available on the WWW for all of us to use to keep up with
>gasification. The database contains phone and fax numbers for all entrees,
>but it also has SOME E-Mail addresses, those listed below. (It also has a
>dozen other entries - type of gasifier, company name, years in
>business.....)
>
>This message is going to TWO lists; GASIFICATION at CREST, and the GAS-LIST
>in my directory, those appearing in the book. If you receive this message
> 1) I have sent it for your general information, and you don't want to be
>on my list. Let me know and I will take you off.
> 2) You are either in the GASIFICATION list, or in the DATABASE, or
>BOTH. I'm trying to sort that out. (Hey, where's Boole???)
>Please send me a message that you have received this twice.
>3) If you want to be listed both ways, fine. If you only want to know
>things relative to GASIFICATION in general, tell me to take
>you off GAS-LIST.
>4) If you only want to keep current on the DATA BASE and BOOK,
>UNSUBSCRIBE From GASIFICATION (majordomo@crest.org).
> ~~~~
>By sending this note to those whose address I have in the book (GAS-LIST)
>and those already in GASIFICATION, I accomplish several things.
>
>1) If any of the addresses are wrong, my E-mail server (Compuserve) will
>send me a nasty note "message undeliverable". I'll check my database entry
>and try again.
>
>2) If any of you are working in gasification, but are not in the book and
>would like to be listed in our directory of SMALL GASIFIERS, LARGE
>GASIFIER SYSTEMS, or GASIFICATION R&D, please let me know and I will get
>you a listing form.
>
>3) If any of you know you are in the book, but haven't given me your
>E-mail address, let me know and I will add it to the database.
>
>4) If any of you know other colleagues not listed here, wait a few days
>and we will get a list of the members of GASIFICATION to you. If they
>aren't there either, please forward this message to them.
>
>5) If you don't like the way I spell your name correct me. If you want
>umlauts, circonflexes, and other diacritical marks, talk to GOD (ie,
>Microsoft or Compuserve or Netscape).
>
>So, please check the list and if I have your name, but not E-mail, send
>E-mail address to me promptly.
> ~~~~
>Wow! My apologies if this sounds complicated. I hope it will help
>establish the a Gasification community that can get a lot more done than
>100 isolated groups occasionally attending a meeting together.
>
>And now, it is 6 Am. I'll send this out, collect my new E-mails and brew
>some coffee and get the paper before the household wakes up.
>
>THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR HELP,
>
>Yours truly, TOM REED (Webmaster)
> ~~~~
>PS Had trouble sending this - trying again.
> ~~~~
> CURRENT GASIFICATION CONTACTS AND E-MAIL LISTED IN BOOK
>
>(Alphabetized by first name)
>Stephen C. Brand thermogenics@worldnet.att.net
>Andras Horvath
>Andrew P. Chick apchick@dmu.ac.uk
>Anil K. Rajvanshi root@nimbkar.ernet.in
>B. C. Jain ankur.energy@smn.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in
>Beedie, Dave beedied@cf.ac.uk
>Ben Wiant bgfmaui@maui.net
>Bill Ayres
>Charles McGowin
>Dave Clements,
>David Runyon
>Dennis C. Williams powersou@aol.com
>Dennis Caputo, VP
>Donald C. Patrick
>Doug Williams graeme@powerlink.co.nz
>Drummon Hislop
>E. Kurkela
>Eduardo Carpentieri carpent@elogica.com.br
>Edward G. Gjerde sur-lite@deltanet.com
>Eric Rensfelt tps@tps.se
>Executive Secretary
>F. Barducci - WWW
>G. Campagnola
>G. M. Satyanarayana
>Gao Xiansheng
>Gerald Fleischman gfleisch@idwr.state.id.us
>Gil Cervantez
>Great Lakes Reg. Biomass
>H.Sharan 100343.210@compuserve.com
>Henriksen, Ulrik gaspro@inet.uni-c.dk
>Herbert. J. Fruth
>Hiroshi Tamura
>Ian Kearney
>J. Albrecht
>J. Martin (F. Bourgois)bourgois@term.uci.ac.be martin@te
>James Childress
>Jochen Keller
>Joe D. Craig
>Johansson, K. G.
>John Irving
>Joseph Beurskens
>Jurgen Fromm
>K. Durai-Swamy
>Kari Rananen
>Kari Salo
>Kevin Bolin
>Krister Sjostrom Krister@chemtech.kth.se
>Lars Stromberg
>Les Blevins lbj@cjnetworks.com
>Les Blevins
>M. J. Vigouroux
>M. Onischak, S. Babu
>Magnus Neergard
>Marc Kalish
>Mark A Paisley
>Mats Wallin
>Michael Cole, Pres.
>Michael Eley
>Michael L. Murphy EPI@EnergyProducts.com
>Michael Madsen
>Mounir Mazzawi
>Mukunda, H. S.
>na
>Nick Barker (Project Officer)
>Nigel Viney
>Ole Kristensen
>P. Freimann
>P. Juch
>Pedro Garcia-Bacaicoa
>Prof. Esteban Chornet
>Prof. Esteban Chornet echornet@coupal.gcm.usherb.ca
>Ragnar Lundqvist
>Ravi Randhava
>Raymond L. Coxe
>Richard McLellan
>Robert Bender chiptec@together.net
>Ron Bailey Jr. prmesron@mail.snider.net
>Ron Menville
>S. Hulkkonen weppo.hulkkonen@ivo.fi
>S. Joseph biomass@fastlink.com.au
>Scott Q. Turn ssturn@hawaii.edu
>Soren Houmoller houmoller@DK-Teknik.Dk
>Henrik Jakobsen
>Stan Abrams
>Thomas Milne milnet@tcplink.nrel.gov
>V. V. N. Kishore mailbox@teri.ernet.in
>W Kaminsky, Norbert Grittner
>Xu Min
>
Robert C. Brown
Iowa State University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
Ames, IA 50011
Tel: 515-294-8733
Fax: 515-294-3261
E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html

From jsmeenk at iastate.edu Thu Aug 14 13:34:06 1997
From: jsmeenk at iastate.edu (Jerod Smeenk)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.32.19970814123457.00794690@pop-2.iastate.edu>

Dear Gene,

My name is Jerod Smeenk. I work with Robert Brown at Iowa State University
on the fluidized bed gasification project. We have performed gas analysis
to determine the following producer gas composition:

CO ~ 24%
CO2 ~ 13%
H2 ~ 4%
CH4 ~ 3%
N2 ~ 56%
O2 ~ 0%

This analysis was performed on dry, tar-free producer gas using gas
chromatographs. We have not quantified moisture but have estimated it at
approximately 10% (give or take depending on fuel moisture). We have not
quantified tars or other non-condensible higher hydrocarbons. We are in
the process of setting up gas analysis to obtain this information.

The above composition gives a higher heating value of approximately 120
Btu/scf. We suspect there are some non-condensible higher hydrocarbons
present which could significantly affect the gas HHV. The producer gas
flow rate is approximately 175 - 200 scfm. However, with a temperature of
~ 1000 F, the actual flow rate is closer to 450 - 550 acfm. We are able to
cool the gas prior to combustion if necessary but prefer not to for
efficiency purposes.

Any insights you may be able to provide would be appreciated. Thanks in
advance for your help.

Jerod Smeenk

Gene Zebley of Hurst Boiler Co.wrote:
>Dear Robert,
>
>Can you give me some specifications on flow and BTU content? We
>manufacture what you require.
>
>Robert C Brown wrote:
>>
>> Dear gasification internet readers:
>>
>> We have constructed a 5 ton/day fluidized biomass gasifier at Iowa State
>> University to study gasification of agricultural wastes (specifically waste
>> seed corn) and dedicated energy crops (specifically switchgrass). We
>> currently flare the product gas but would like to install an efficient
>> burner or boiler for this low Btu gas. We haven't had much luck in finding
>> a commercial supplier for such equipment.
>
>Best regards,
>
>Gene Zebley
>Export Sales Manager
>Solid Fuel Sales
>
>Hurst Boiler Co. Mailto:hboiler@rose.net
>HWY 319 South Phone: (912)346-3545 ext. 139
>Coolidge, GA, USA 31738 In USA (800)666-6414
> Fax: (912)346-3874
>
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Jerod Smeenk
Project Engineer
Iowa State University
1043 Black Engineering
Ames, IA 50011
Phone: (515) 294-6402
Fax: (515) 294-3261

From sowinder at giasbg01.vsnl.net.in Thu Aug 14 13:37:14 1997
From: sowinder at giasbg01.vsnl.net.in (Sowinder Singh)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:20 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
In-Reply-To: <199708140709_MC2-1D19-39CC@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.19970814230948.006cca24@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in>

Tom:

Could you please add the following name to your list of
gasification contacts :

Sowinder Singh
Biogen Energy Systems Pvt Ltd
#1, 1st Floor, 1st Cross, 1st Main
Ganganagar, Bangalore 560 032
INDIA

E-mail : sowinder@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in

Thanks.

Sowinder Singh

From DMcilveenw at aol.com Fri Aug 15 06:28:58 1997
From: DMcilveenw at aol.com (DMcilveenw@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Community
Message-ID: <970815062957_-868011033@emout10.mail.aol.com>

Tom,
Could you include us on your GASIFICATION R&D list, please?
Energy Research Centre,
University of Ulster,
Coleraine BT52 1SA
N. Ireland, UK.

We use the in-house ECLIPSE process simulation programs to make
techno-economic analyses of power plants, including biomass, fossil fuel and
mixed feedstock systems; and combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, fuel cell
or novel technologies. The majority of our funding comes from joint research
contracts with other partners in Europe under the JOULE, APAS or FAIR
schemes.

A sub-set of the Energy Research Centre is the newly formed NICERT (Northern
Ireland Centre for Energy Research and Technology) which has the remit to
assist local companies in finding business opportunities for promoting
sustainable development. Facilities for analysing gas and feedstock
composition and for measuring emissions are currently being set up.

Contact persons:
Prof. John T. McMullan (Director): jt.mcmullan@ulst.ac.uk
Bill Devlin (Business Manager): wj.devlin@ulst.ac.uk
Brian Williams (deputy director): bc.williams@ulst.ac.uk
David McIlveen-Wright (biomass simulations): dr.mcilveen-wright@ulst.ac.uk
or
dmcilveenw@aol.com
Petra Campbell (coal simulations): pe.campbell@ulst.ac.uk
Neil Hewitt (refrigeration, energy efficiency): nj.hewitt@ulst.ac.uk

Thanksa lot,

David McIlveen-Wright

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Sat Aug 16 09:07:04 1997
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: PRIVATE REPLIES
Message-ID: <199708160856_MC2-1D49-3D1B@compuserve.com>

Thomas B. Reed reedtb@compuserve.com Colorado School of Mines

Dear Gasification Community:

When I send a general announcement it goes to "gasification@crest.org" and
reaches about 100 people.

When any one of you responds with the E-mail message "REPLY", my screen
says the reply is from "gasification@crest.org". I don't know who is
talking until I read the message. If I then REPLY privately, it goes to
the whole netnode - oi!

So, please in the future change the return address from
"gasification@crest.org" to your E-mail address. It will save a lot of
confusion. This also applies to PRIVATE replies to OTHER LISTS.

Thanks, TOM REED

From c918280 at student.dtu.dk Tue Aug 19 07:50:05 1997
From: c918280 at student.dtu.dk (Claus Hindsgaul)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gas particulate measuring
Message-ID: <m0x0mom-001bdLC@bergsoe.dtu.dk>

Hello Gasification!

I am going to write my Master Thesis in civil engineering on
gas-cleaning for a biomass-gasifier, which is developed at the Danish
Technical University.
The gas is supposed to drive an Otto-engine for power-production,
so clean gas is essential.

My first goal is to establish a measuring system to register the
amount of particulate matter in the gas - before and after the
present cleaning system (a venturi scrubber). I will build a
dilution-mini-tunnel similar to the ones used for measuring the
exhaust from fx. diesel-engines.

Does anyone have experience with particulate measuring on a gasifier?

A venturi scrubber seems to do a nice job cleaning the gas - but uses
quite a lot of energy

Do you have experiences with gas-cleaning techniques applied to a
gasifier?
--
Claus Hindsgaul Hansen
Skodsborgvej 190, v.2906
DK-2850 Naerum
DENMARK

mailto:c918280@student.dtu.dk
http://www.student.dtu.dk/~c918280

From thermogenics at postoffice.worldnet.att.net Tue Aug 19 11:05:38 1997
From: thermogenics at postoffice.worldnet.att.net (THERMOGENICS)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Thermogenics, Inc.
Message-ID: <33F9B83F.5BEE@postoffice.worldnet.att.net>

Dear Gasification List:

At the suggestion of Tom Reed, we have recently joined the Gasification
group and have already found areas of great interest -- thank you, Tom.

Thermogenics is an Albuquerque, New Mexico-based company that has
developed a patented (U. S. and Foreign) gasification system suitable
for a wide range of organic wastes. We have built three commercial
sized units, the most recent of which, a trailer-mounted system, was
recently shipped to Ontario Hydro Technologies in Toronto.

We have recebtly started a web page, which is still under construction,
but members of the group will find information about our systems and the
materials we can handle. You can find us at http://www.thermogenics.com

We will be happy to answer any specific questions and to send more
detailed information.

Steve Brand
Vice President, General Manager
Thermogenics, Inc.
6808 Academy Parkway East, NE
Building A, Suite 2
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109

tel: 505.344.4846
fax: 505.344.6090
e-mail: <thermogenics@worldnet.att.net>

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Sun Aug 24 17:47:29 1997
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gas particulate measuring
Message-ID: <199708241748_MC2-1E06-EB0@compuserve.com>

Thomas Reed Colorado School of Mines Dept. Chemical Engineering
reedtb@compuserve.com

Dear Claus:

Welcome to gasification. I hope you will share your gas cleaning results
with us as they come in.

Yours truly, Tom Reed Webmaster

PS Here is a list of the books that I publish, including one on measurement
of gas contamination.
~~~~

BOOKS FROM THE BEF PRESS-E-MAIL CATALOGUE

PURPOSES OF THE BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS

Biomass energy and particularly biomass gasification is a field where
publications are often difficult to find. Our aim is to make available
information on biomass at reasonable prices. We list here our newer
releases and current titles and include an order form. We will also make
available at $0.15/page other papers from our extensive library of
technical papers on gasification dating back to the turn of the century.
We also act as a clearinghouse to locate technical assistance for biomass
projects. Thomas B. Reed
HANDBOOK OF BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS
T. B. Reed and A. Das Over a million wood gasifiers were used to power
cars and trucks during World War II. Recent concern about cost and
availability of liquid fuels has reawakened interest in this technology.
Yet, after a decade of interest, there are only a few companies
manufacturing gasifier systems for specialized applications. The authors
have spent more than 12 years working with various gasifier systems,
primarily at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). In this book they
discuss all the factors that must be correct to have a successful "gasifier
power system."

Chapters in the book include: Principles of Gasification; Gasifier Designs;
Gasifier Fabrication & Manufacture; Gasifier Fuels; Instrumentation &
Control; Gas Testing; Engine Adaptation and Operation; Gasifier Systems;
Safety & Environmental Factors; and Decision Making. The book was
originally conceived as an aid to farmers and mechanics who want to build a
"home gasifier" to power generators, pumps, tractors and mills. However,
it has expanded far beyond that scope to be a major reference for anyone
interested in producing power from wood and biomass wastes. 200pp
$25.00

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALE UP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER - T. B. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie. In 1980 the Solar Energy
Research Institute initiated a program to develop an oxygen gasifier to
make methanol from biomass. A novel 1 ton/day gasifier was designed and
studied for five years at SERI on air and oxygen. Now a 25 ton/day
gasifier has been operated on both air and oxygen. This book describes the
theory and operation of the two gasifiers in detail and also discusses the
principles and application of gasification as learned in eight years by the
author-gasifier team. Initially published by DOE with lavish
illustrations. 250pp........ .$25.00

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS - A. Das Long engine life
and reliable operation requires a gas with less than 10 mg of tar and
particulates per cubic meter (10 ppm). The simplified test methods
described here are adapted from standard ASTM and EPA test procedures for
sampling and analyzing char, tar and ash in the gas.
32pp.................................. ..$8.00

TREES - Jean Giono. While we strongly support using biomass for energy, we
are also very concerned about forest destruction. This delightful true
story says more than any sermon on the benefits and methods of
reforestation. 8pp.. ...$1.00

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS
Anyone interested in using biomass for energy should know about the
enormous potential for raising trees along with food crops as an energy
source. This book is reprinted from a conference held by the Solar Energy
Research Institute, convening experts in this field to evaluate potential
crop species and to examine practical systems for the
economical production of energy from wood species. 260 pp
............................................................ ..$20.00

The BEF Press, 1810 Smith Rd., Golden, CO 80401 303-278 0558; ;FAX: 303 278
0560
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS & ORDER BLANK

Cost
HANDBOOK OF BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: T. Reed and A.
Das, (SERI-1988).
140pp (see over)
$25.00. .___ _____

GENGAS: THE SWEDISH CLASSIC ON WOOD FUELED VEHICLES: English translation,
(SERI-1982), edited T.Reed, D. Jantzen and A. Das, with index. This is the
"Old Testament" of gasification, written by the people involved in
successfully converting 90% of transportation of WW II Sweden to wood
gasifiers. Valuable practical and theoretical information. 340pp.
$25.00...___ _____

PRODUCER-GAS: ANOTHER FUEL FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT: Ed. Noel Vietmeyer (The
U.S. National Academy of Sciences-1985) A seeing-is-believing primer with
historical and modern pictures of gasifiers. An outstanding text for any
introductory program. 80pp $8.00...___
_____

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALEUP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER:
T. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie (SERI1988).290pp (see over)
$25.00...___ _____

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: A. Das (1989).32pp (see
over)

$8.00...___ ____

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS:. 260 pp (see over)
$20.00...___ _____

STATE-OF-THE-ART FOR SMALL SCALE GAS PRODUCER-ENGINE SYSTEMS: by A. Kaupp
and J. Goss. (1984) Updates GENGAS and contains engineering data
indispensable for the serious gasifier projects.
278 pp
$25.00...___ _____

GASIFICATION OF RICE HULLS: THEORY AND PRAXIS: A. Kaupp. Applies
gasification to agricultural residues in addition to rice hulls. 303 pp
$25.00...___ _____

WOOD GAS GENERATORS FOR VEHICLES: Nils Nygards (1973). Translation of
recent results of Swedish Agricultural Testing Institute. 50 pp.
$4.00...___ _____

THE PEGASUS UNIT: THE LOST ART OF DRIVING WITHOUT GASOLINE: by Niels A.
Skov and Mark L. Papworth. Detailed drawings of various gasifiers and
systems from World War II. 80 pp
$15.00...__
______

BIOMASS TO METHANOL SPECIALISTS' WORKSHOP: Ed. T. B. Reed and M. Graboski.
Expert articles on biomass to methanol, the clean liquid fuel for the 21st
century. 331 pp $30.00...___ _____

CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLIFIED WOOD GAS GENERATOR: ...by H. LaFontaine and
F.P. Zimmerman (1989). Over 25 drawings and photographs on building a
gasifier for fueling IC engines in a Petroleum Emergency. Originally
published the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , RR28.68 pp
$10.00...___ ____

TREES: by Jean Giono, 1953. A delightful story which says more than any
sermon on the need for reforestation. 8 pp
$1.00...___ _____

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
BOOK
TOTALS.....................................................................
........................................................................
___ ______
Add $3 handling/order + $1.50/book postage* ________= ________
TOTAL
ENCLOSED..__________

Name___________________________Address_____________________________________
__________

Mail orders to The Biomass Energy Foundation Press (BEFP), 1810 Smith Rd.,
Golden, CO 80401; FAX 303-278 0560;call 303 278 0558;E-mail
reedtb@Compuserve.com. Shipping: $2.50/book to Canada and Mexico, all
other foreign $9/book. 10% discounts on orders for 3 or more books.
Distributor inquiries welcomed. Please include check or money order with
your order, or we will ship COD.

From bourgois at term.ucl.ac.be Mon Aug 25 03:16:19 1997
From: bourgois at term.ucl.ac.be (Frederic Bourgois)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <33F06421.6FD7@ix.netcom.com>
Message-ID: <3.0.2.16.19970825085922.325f5956@spot.term.ucl.ac.be>

At 23:49 13/08/1997 +0500, you wrote:
>
>Jane:
>
>We are presently involved in generation of power by use of producer gas
>with diesel gensets in dual fuel mode. This leads to approx. 70 percent
>diesel substitution by woody biomass.
>
>The information provided by you is very interesting in that the Jenbacher
>spark ignition engines could probably lead to complete substitution of
>petroleum fuels by woody biomass. This is of great relevance in rural areas
>here in India where petroleum fuels are not easily available. The Jenbacher
>engines could therefore be used to produce electricity completely from
>biomass which is abundantly available in these areas.
>
>I have two queries :
>
>1) Will the Jenbacher engines be suitable for producer gas with calorific
>value of 1000 Kcal / Nm3 ?
>
>2) Do the Jenbacher engines require power or petroleum fuel for startup or
>can they be started up directly on
>gas?
>
>Could you also provide me with contact information of Jenbacher or its
>distributor.
>
>Sowinder
>
>
>At 01:24 PM 8/12/97 +0000, you wrote:
>>Robert-
>>
>>I have heard from the Jenbacher distributor that they have a low NOx
>>spark ignited engine with better than 38% efficiency which is being used
>>extensively in Europe in landfill and digester gas applications. I
>>assume that it would work well in the 450 to 700 Btu range.
>>
>>Jane Turnbull
>>
>
>
>
Jenbacher made tests on wood gas. Their engines worked very good but they
require very low tar content. Moreover Jenbacher engines aren't cheap
(around 20 000$ for a 150 kWe genset).

It is possible to convert diesel engine into a spark ignited engine by
replacing injectors by sparking plugs and adding an ignition system. We
already made this transformation with success but it exists a specialized
society :

Continental Energy Systems
Mr R. Hertog
phone : +32-3/309.17.17
fax : +32-3/309.17.16
Industrieweg, 26
B-2390 Westmalle
Belgium

Frederic

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Frederic Bourgois
Ingenieur de recherches

Universite catholique de Louvain
Unite TERM
2, place du Levant
B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
Belgique

tel : 32-(0)10-47.83.98
fax : 32-(0)10-45.26.92

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

From bourgois at term.ucl.ac.be Mon Aug 25 03:23:15 1997
From: bourgois at term.ucl.ac.be (Frederic Bourgois)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <3.0.2.16.19970825090621.3a678c6c@spot.term.ucl.ac.be>

Continental Energy Systems
Mr R. Hertog
phone : +32-3/309.17.17
fax : +32-3/309.17.16
Industrieweg, 26
B-2390 Westmalle
Belgium

Frederic

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Frederic Bourgois
Ingenieur de recherches

Universite catholique de Louvain
Unite TERM
2, place du Levant
B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
Belgique

tel : 32-(0)10-47.83.98
fax : 32-(0)10-45.26.92

ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

From robinski at laplaza.org Mon Aug 25 11:42:05 1997
From: robinski at laplaza.org (Robin Rice)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.2.16.19970825090621.3a678c6c@spot.term.ucl.ac.be>
Message-ID: <199708251540.JAA28251@laplaza.org>

Bourgois? I am doing family geneology and this is a family name
(Jess Bourgois) St Louis, Missouri....married to Francis
Greer....Thank you, Robin Rice

> Date: Mon, 25 Aug 1997 09:06:21
> To: gasification@crest.org
> From: Frederic Bourgois <bourgois@term.ucl.ac.be>
> Subject: Re: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
> Reply-to: gasification@crest.org

> At 23:49 13/08/1997 +0500, you wrote:
> >
> >Jane:
> >
> >We are presently involved in generation of power by use of producer gas
> >with diesel gensets in dual fuel mode. This leads to approx. 70 percent
> >diesel substitution by woody biomass.
> >
> >The information provided by you is very interesting in that the Jenbacher
> >spark ignition engines could probably lead to complete substitution of
> >petroleum fuels by woody biomass. This is of great relevance in rural areas
> >here in India where petroleum fuels are not easily available. The Jenbacher
> >engines could therefore be used to produce electricity completely from
> >biomass which is abundantly available in these areas.
> >
> >I have two queries :
> >
> >1) Will the Jenbacher engines be suitable for producer gas with calorific
> >value of 1000 Kcal / Nm3 ?
> >
> >2) Do the Jenbacher engines require power or petroleum fuel for startup or
> >can they be started up directly on
> >gas?
> >
> >Could you also provide me with contact information of Jenbacher or its
> >distributor.
> >
> >Sowinder
> >
> >
> >At 01:24 PM 8/12/97 +0000, you wrote:
> >>Robert-
> >>
> >>I have heard from the Jenbacher distributor that they have a low NOx
> >>spark ignited engine with better than 38% efficiency which is being used
> >>extensively in Europe in landfill and digester gas applications. I
> >>assume that it would work well in the 450 to 700 Btu range.
> >>
> >>Jane Turnbull
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> Jenbacher made tests on wood gas. Their engines worked very good but they
> require very low tar content. Moreover Jenbacher engines aren't cheap
> (around 20 000$ for a 150 kWe genset).
>
> It is possible to convert diesel engine into a spark ignited engine by
> replacing injectors by sparking plugs and adding an ignition system. We
> already made this transformation with success but it exists a specialized
> society :
>
> Continental Energy Systems
> Mr R. Hertog
> phone : +32-3/309.17.17
> fax : +32-3/309.17.16
> Industrieweg, 26
> B-2390 Westmalle
> Belgium
>
> Frederic
>
> oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
> Frederic Bourgois
> Ingenieur de recherches
>
> Universite catholique de Louvain
> Unite TERM
> 2, place du Levant
> B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
> Belgique
>
> tel : 32-(0)10-47.83.98
> fax : 32-(0)10-45.26.92
>
> ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
>
>

From BeedieD at cardiff.ac.uk Fri Aug 29 06:53:07 1997
From: BeedieD at cardiff.ac.uk (David Beedie)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: A Gasification Plant Site Visit
Message-ID: <949C914B7C@NPRDCF1S.CF.AC.UK>

A Gasification Plant Site Visit
---------------------------------------------
I recently reported to this list for Dr.Donald C. Patrick - not yet a
citizen of the internet - that he offers biomass gasification systems
for small scale power, heat only and CHP applications. At
Dr.Patrick's invitation I recently visited his gasifier-engine
installation in NW England, and I am reporting on the visit to the
list. Dr.Patrick showed myself and three associates, Andrew Heggie
Simon Levy and Marc Howell, around the unit. The following
information is a combination of what we saw and what Dr.Patrick told
us.

The gasifier is a downdraught unit sized for a ton of biomass per 3
hours. Feeding is currently manual, into an airlock-hopper above the
reactor vessel. Fuel is dropped into the reactor by releasing the
hinged gate forming the bottom of the hopper. Optimum fuel moisture
content is around 25% wet basis. The reactor process details are
secret but Dr.Patrick claims that his gasifier achieves good tar
elimination by attaining very high temperatures ('1600+C') inside the
reactor, although the gas exits the reactor at 380C. En route to the
engine the gas passes through cyclones, bag filters, water scrubber,
mist eliminator & fan-cooled condensate remover. I can report that
it appears to be a solidly engineered system.

The engine is a naturally aspirated Perkins 6-cylinder diesel engine
which has been modified for producer gas by conversion to
spark-ignition along with piston & combustion chamber alterations,
with some de-rating to 150kW output. After starting the system the
gas is flared for 30 minutes then the gas is diverted to the engine.
The output of 150kWe is sustained at a fuelling rate of 3 ton/10
hours. Assuming 15 MJ/wet-kg, the input rate is 1.25 MW gross and
the overall efficiency of electrical power production is 12%. In a
CHP application much of the remainder would be recoverable as heated
air from the engine's fan-cooled radiator and/or hot water from the
cooling jacket and exhaust gas heat exchanger.

Dr.Patrick reports the gasifier operates well on a variety of solid
biomass wastes of typical dimensions from 2cm to 10cm. Materials he
has tested include various industrial and agricultural wood
wastes and various densified briquetted materials including animal
process residues.

He offers a testing service, providing laboratory analyses of gas,
ash & condensate from an independent accredited laboratory. The
system we saw is about to be shipped to India to act as a
demonstration plant and Dr.Patrick is engaged in building further
systems for different outputs of 40kWe and 500kWe.

If any reader wishes to know more I listed Dr.Patrick's contact
details in a previous mail dated 4th August 1997 (his UK
telephone/FAX number: +44 1925 723369), alternatively I can pass on
your emails to him.

Message Ends.
*******************************************************
David Beedie PhD
School of Engineering, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
email: BeedieD@cf.ac.uk
Office Tel. 01222 874683; or 874000 ext.5927(lab.)
Home tel: 762197

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Fri Aug 29 12:51:47 1997
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:21 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Low-Btu gas burners and boilers
Message-ID: <199708291253_MC2-1E97-489@compuserve.com>

Dear Fred:

(Please also pass on to Robin and Jane Turnbull if appropriate).

THere is currently a revolution going on in producer gas engines. Producer
gas is very high octane, making it appropriate for spark ignition and
inappropriate for diesel.

If you convert the engine to spark ignition (remove injectors, insert
plugs, put distributor on end of injector shaft) you can get better engine
operation with 100% diesel substitution.

Funny it took people so long to discover this.

Good luck, keep me posted on your success, TOM
RED

BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

December 1997 Gasification Archive