June 1997 Gasification Archive

From eta67076 at ait.ac.th Mon Jun 2 11:06:18 1997
From: eta67076 at ait.ac.th (A. H. MD. M. Siddique)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: How to crack tar by catalyst.
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.96.970602220326.9322H-100000@alphaserv.ait.ac.th>

Dear sir,

I am a masters student in Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Thailand.
Now i am doing my thesis on multi-stage gasification and tar cracking by
catalyst. I want to know which type of ctalyst can crack tar efficiently
and completely.

Siddique
eta67076@ait.ac.th

From AbdullahM at bblnorth.demon.co.uk Tue Jun 3 08:55:49 1997
From: AbdullahM at bblnorth.demon.co.uk (Abdullah Malik)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: How to crack tar by catalyst.
Message-ID: <c=GB%a=_%p=Border_Biofuels_%l=BBLNORTH-970603115503Z-47@bblnorth.demon.co.uk>

Professor Corella from Madrid University has carried out quite a lot of
work in this area. He has already identified a few cheap types. I would
look for his recent publications.

Abdullah Malik

>----------
>From: A. H. MD. M. Siddique[SMTP:eta67076@ait.ac.th]
>Sent: 02 June 1997 16:06
>To: gasification@crest.org
>Subject: GAS-L: How to crack tar by catalyst.
>
>
>Dear sir,
>
>I am a masters student in Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Thailand.
>Now i am doing my thesis on multi-stage gasification and tar cracking
>by
>catalyst. I want to know which type of ctalyst can crack tar
>efficiently
>and completely.
>
>Siddique
>eta67076@ait.ac.th
>
>
>

From Kati.Veijonen at vtt.fi Wed Jun 4 06:28:23 1997
From: Kati.Veijonen at vtt.fi (Kati Veijonen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Biomass event in Finland 1st-5th September 1997
Message-ID: <2.2.32.19970604102604.0053848c@vttmail.vtt.fi>

Dear colleagues,

this biomass event will be arranged in Finland at the beginning of September
1997. If you are interested in the topics of the seminar - co-combustion and
gasification / biomass and wood waste - please contact me, and I will send
you the full programme by fax, mail or e-mail.
*****************************************************************

BIOMASS EVENT IN FINLAND

An event to create new business opportunities through information and
experience exchange

Co-combustion and gasification
Biomass and wood waste

1 st - 5th September 1997

Hotel Laajavuori
Jyvaskyla, Finland

PROGRAMME CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS:
Morning sessions, 2nd - 3rd- September
· Overviews of combustion and gasification technologies and future
prospects, wood fuel and waste handling and combustion
· Successful case projects

Afternoon sessions, 2nd - 3rd September
· Business Forum for industry presentations, poster exhibition and negotiations

Site visits (1st and 4 - 5th September)
· municipal and industrial co-combustion plants using wood fuels, coal and peat.
· municipal gasification plant using wood fuels

In the afternoons there will be workshops on fuel specifications and
emissions organised by ETSU.

BUSINESS FORUM
Industry representatives will have a good opportunity to make short
presentations on their biomass and waste-to-energy technologies in the
afternoon sessions. A poster exhibition will also take place, and meeting
points are available for negotiations during the seminar.

Organisers will assist companies in preparing:
· a Business Forum Catalogue which includes organisation profiles and
brochures of all participating companies and
· a poster exhibition in connection with buffet dinner. Participating
companies will have own meeting points.
Information on case projects will be available on Internet after the seminar.

TWO SEMINARS AND STUDY TOURS IN FINLAND
The objectives of the AFB-NETT and WfE seminars are to exchange the latest
technical developments in the field of
· wood fuel production, wood fuel and waste wood handling and combustion,
· co-combustion and gasification of biomass
to create a marketplace for information exchange between industries and
potential users of this technology.
The seminar will focus on technologies which are proven, have good
environmental performance and are able to operate with high energy
efficiencies. Operational biomass to energy technologies will be presented
in study tours.

WHO SHOULD ATTEND
Industries, local energy planners, energy utilities, fuel producers,
municipal authorities and representatives of co-ordination bodies in the
field of renewable energy are invited to attend the seminar.

PARTICIPATION FEE
The registration fee of 190 ecu for two days or 120 ecu for one day includes
seminar material, two lunches, buffet dinner and refreshments and entrance
for Wood and Forest Exhibition on 4th September. Study tour participation
fee of 30 ecu/day includes bus transportation and lunch. Poster space (1 m
wide by up to 2.5 m high) and own meeting point will be available at 50 ecu.
Participation fee for full programme will be 250 ecu. All prices include
VAT 22%. Hotel costs are not included.

ORGANISING COMMITTEE
The seminars are organised by VTT Energy in co-operation with the AFB-NETT
and WfE-Net. Finnish biomass industry have planned and supported study tours.

VENUE
The event will be held on the 2nd and 3rd September at the hotel Rantasipi
Laajavuori in Jyvaskyla. Programme will start on Monday, 1st September by
two alternative study tours. THERMIE study tour will start from Pori and
ALTENER study tour will start from Joensuu (see hotels).

HOTELS
Accommodation will be booked by organisers according to the registration.

Rantasipi Hotel Laajavuori
P.O.Box 453, FIN-40101 JYVASKYLA
Tel. +358-14-628 211, Fax. +358-14-628 500
Prices: FIM 405/Single and FIM 245/Double room

Hotel Cumulus
Itsenaisyydenkatu 37, FIN-28100 PORI
Tel. +358-2-550 900, Fax. +358-2-550 9299
Price: FIM 280/Single room

Sokos Hotel Kimmel
Itaranta 1, FIN-80100 JOENSUU
Tel. +358-13-1771, Fax. +358-13-177 2112
Price: FIM 400/Single room

****************************************************************

Sincerely yours,

Kati Veijonen

From antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br Thu Jun 5 07:59:40 1997
From: antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br (Antonio G. P. Hilst)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: No Subject
Message-ID: <199706051208.JAA00977@mercserv.merconet.com.br>

Só para dizer alo e dar um abraço.
O pai.

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Fri Jun 6 08:42:45 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: TAR CRACKING
Message-ID: <199706060841_MC2-17FA-19ED@compuserve.com>

Thomas B. Reed 303 278 0558 V Colorado School of Mines
1810 Smith Rd., 303 278 0560 FX Department Chem Eng
Golden, CO 80401 ReedTB@Compuserve.com
ALSO: The Biomass Energy (non-profit)Foundation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Siddique et al:

You want to know "which catalyst can crack tars most completely". So do
all the rest of us. A simple answer is nickel based catalysts.

The Europeans favor the use of dolomite (Ca.Mg (CO3)2), partly because it
is cheap, maybe because European dolomite may contain minor traces not
found in the U.S. In 1984-85 we found dolomite to be inferior to
silicalite and other Si-Al catalysts (see Chapter 6 of "Fundamentals,
Development and Scaleup of the Air-Oxygen Stratified Downdraft Gasifier",
Reed, Graboski and Levie, NREL, 1987; BEF Press, 1994).

One reason this question is so difficult to answer is that all tars are not
equal. Tars (better wood oil) produced below 600C is primarily oxygenated
fragments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. They are quite easy to
crack. Tars reformed later above about 700C are primarily phenols and
polynuclear aromatics.

Tom Milne and Bob Evans at NREL have been studying the compositions of tars
in their molecular beam mass spectrometer for 15 years. Tom is writing a
review of tars and we can all hope that he will have better answers.

Meanwhile, we would be very interested to hear other opinions in this group
of erudite gasifier experts (and others).

Regards, TOM REED

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Fri Jun 6 08:46:15 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Housekeeping details
Message-ID: <199706060845_MC2-17F7-4C3B@compuserve.com>

I hate to interrupt the flow of information on world shaking issues with
housekeeping comments, but they are necessary now and then.

1) It is so easy to press the "REPLY" button on our E-mail processor that
we don't pay attention to who is replying to whom. So, I get lots of
letters from STOVES to STOVES and don't know what's going on. Please
identify at least your name at the beginning of the note. (My letterhead
above is added automatically by the program ASPELL in Compuserve. I often
trim it when writing those who don't need all this info, but better more
than less.)

2) Subject: It is very important to either keep the same SUBJECT header
when appropriate, or change it when the subject changes.

3) Spelling: We are fortunate that meaning often survives spelling and
grammar errors, but enough errors eventually makes meaning muddy. Again,
my ASPELL program underlines all my errors in red and I fix most of them.
It also underlines all your errors as well, and half the words are
misspelled in some of your transmissions. If you don't care about your
image, it doesn't worry me, but I thought you should know that I can't help
seeing them.

Back to content, TOM REED

From jsg at crest.org Tue Jun 10 14:07:40 1997
From: jsg at crest.org (Jon Guth)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: GEM
Message-ID: <339D9778.431B@crest.org>

GEMs

The electronic newsletter of CREST=s Global Energy Marketplace...
http://gem.crest.org

Vol.1 Issue 1

IN THIS ISSUE:

-GEM: What Is It and How Can It Help You?
-Newsworthy Gems
-Help Build the GEM On-Line Library - Where Are Your Gems?
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GEM: WHAT IS IT AND HOW CAN IT HELP YOU?

GEM, the Global Energy Marketplace, is your gateway for quickly locating
valuable documents, contacts, and resources about sustainable energy
development as a tool for preventing and reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. GEM is a powerful, on-line, searchable database of more than
2000 energy efficiency and renewable energy annotated Web links. You
will find highly useful case studies, reports, publications, economic
analyses, product directories, discussion groups, country profiles and
mitigation assessments, and other beneficial resources.

GEM will save you days of worktime otherwise spent browsing endless web
sites or trying to find useful documents through popular search engines
which are typically imprecise. GEM can help:

**REDUCE TRANSACTION COSTS for professionals working to implement energy
efficiency and renewable energy projects and programs by helping you
more expeditiously locate critical knowledge and key contacts;

**ACCELERATE UNDERSTANDING for professionals, businesses, policymakers,
stakeholders, educators and citizens on the options and opportunities
that energy efficiency and renewable energy (EE/RE) technologies offer
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NEWSWORTHY GEMS

Each issue will feature several new and noteworthy Agems@ from a
different section of the GEM library. This issue features three gems
relating to Energy Efficiency.

**The Results Center...http://solstice.crest.org/efficiency/irt/trc.htm
The Results Center has produced among the best case studies worldwide
evaluating successful energy efficiency programs implemented by
companies, communities and utilities. There are 125 full-text profiles
divided into six categories: Residential, Industrial, Comprehensive,
Commercial, Agricultural, and Institutional.

GEM contains links to not only the main Results Center web page, but
directly to a number of the case studies that fit into GEM's categories.

For example:

State of Texas, LoanSTAR Program (revolving fund)
http://www.crest.org/efficiency/irt/101.htm

The State of Texas= LoanSTAR program is a model design for retrofitting
public buildings. By loaning money to existing institutional facilities
at low-interest rates the Loan to Save Taxes and Resources program is a
revolving loan fund that has enabled a tremendous amount of retrofit
activity..... through the use of approximately $100 million dollars
worth of loan fund activity LoanSTAR has the potential to leverage as
much as $850 million in savings over the next 20 years.

British Columbia Hydro, Power Smart High-Efficiency Motors Program
http://www.crest.org/efficiency/irt/38.htm

Each year over 300,000 horsepower (HP) of 3-phase integral electric
motors are purchased by British Columbia Hydro (BCH) customers,
including standard and high-efficiency motors. The goal of the
High-Efficiency Motors Program has been to transform the market in the
province and to make sure that most if not all of these motor sales are
high-efficiency motors. In 1990, a Buy-Back option was added to
accelerate the change out of the installed stock of standard motors. For
participants in the program incentives are offered in the form of
rebates of $293 ($35 Canadian) per kW saved. Another $59/kW ($70
Canadian) is offered to distributors under the vendor incentive.
Southern California Edison, CFB Manufacturer's Rebate
http://www.crest.org/efficiency/irt/113.htm

Utilities have learned that moving rebates upstream, from the consumer
to the vendor, is a cost-effective means of promoting energy efficiency.
Southern California Edison has demonstrated the success of this model in
its Compact Fluorescent Bulb program, which gives the incentive to the
manufacturer, creating two pronounced benefits. First, by requiring that
the manufacturer pass along the unit savings downstream, a $5 incentive
becomes far greater when it reaches the consumer. (Consumer discounts
can reach as high as $15 with a $5 manufacturer=s rebate.) Second, by
allocating wholesale rebates to a large quantity of lamps from
manufacturers, utilities can stipulate performance criteria, such as
maximum levels of harmonic distortion and minimum efficiency levels.
Manufacturers= rebate programs can create financial leverage while
transforming the market for energy-efficient products.

HELP FIND GEMS

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*****************************************************************************
The Global Energy Marketplace (GEM) is a project of the Center For
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--
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Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST)
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Phone: (202)-530-2234 Fax: (202)-887-0497
E-Mail: jsg@crest.org Web: http://gem.crest.org

From jsg at crest.org Tue Jun 10 15:50:37 1997
From: jsg at crest.org (Jon Guth)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:18 2004
Subject: GAS-L: GEM follow-up
Message-ID: <339DAE86.CC3@crest.org>

As a short follow-up to the previous posting of the GEM e-newsletter,
I thought it might be appropriate to explain its posting.

The Global Energy Marketplace (GEM) is a relatively new project being
undertaken by CREST to promote renewable energy, energy-efficiency, and
greenhouse gas reductions. The GEM on-line database contains numerous
electronic resources in the areas of bioenergy, geothermal, small-hydro,
hydrogen, wind, and solar, in addition to its many resources on
energy-efficiency. It may be able to assist you whether you're a
preofessional in the energy field, a researcher, a policy-maker, or just
interested in renewable energy and efficiency in general.

As such, I thought it would be of interest to the subscribers of this
discussion group. If indeed you are interested, and happen to also know
of some useful electronic resources or case studies that are not in the
database already, please submit the URL to gemkeeper@crest.org
GEM will become infinitely more valuable to all of its users if its
users help build it as well. Any and all submissions will be considered.
Thank you.

Sincerely,

Jon Guth
--
Jonathan Guth, GEM Project Manager
Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST)
1200 18th St., NW Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202)-530-2234 Fax: (202)-887-0497
E-Mail: jsg@crest.org Web: http://gem.crest.org

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Thu Jun 12 18:04:07 1997
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tar and Catalytic cracking / green light on Mega Class
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.970613100211.23608A-100000@powerlink.co.nz>

Re: Tar and Catalytic Cracking.
A timely discussion on this issue of catalysts and tar cracking. We have been off line since February with first supplier, then computer problems, which makes me wish electronics were steam driven and I could fix things myself. However I digress
First let me admit to being limited to understanding tar cracking, in that I can only relate it to thermal conditions as found within gasifiers. When I first read about catalyst being used to clean up dirty gas my only thought was where does the heat com
e from? So in order for us to get a tail on this technology, can those who have been using catalysts explain in simple words the basis on how it is done, or I should say attempted to be achieved? Has anyone been successful in operating commercial plant?
This question was put to me by two separate visitors to New Zealand, who
have made previous investments in gasified technologies. Catalytic tar
cracking has not provided the evidence to justify their inclusion in
commercially funded projects. Having b een asked to scrutinise all future
projects associated with my visitors group, if you are pushing catalysts,
convince me and I'll give you your next customer. On a much more
interesting note, Fluidyne have the green light to build the next
generation of engine gasifiers, the Mega Class. At 500kWe output, it is
much more useful in developed countries. Construction starts September
but details remain confidenti al until then.

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Fri Jun 13 11:21:57 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Picture Transfers, Vacation
Message-ID: <199706131115_MC2-1870-D2E1@compuserve.com>

TOM REED - ON VACATION - P-TOWN and NEW HARBOR, ME

Dear Pete and All:

I accessed Pete Verhart's new Website,
http://www1.kingston.net/~english/Stoves.html, and found pictures of his
latest stoves, in color. I downloaded them and looked at them at liesure.
It was a breeze, after trying to decode MIME etc. files that are piled up
in my desktop.

I hope that he will continue to accept Stove pictures at his site for a
while until we can formalize this improvement.

I hope he will also paste a title on each picture so we can know what we
are seeing.

~~~~
I am currently flying over Illinois with my lap-top lover, answering a
jillion messages stored up during the week of getting ready for our 50th
wedding anniversary celebration at Hilltop Farm, New Harbor, Me (near
Damarixcota) with 4 children, 4 spouses and 7 grandchildren.

But I will have my laptop-lover with me and will try not to let 100
missives build up ever again.

Yours truly, TOM REED

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Fri Jun 13 11:21:55 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Wood gas generators and Harry LaFontaine
Message-ID: <199706131115_MC2-1870-D2D8@compuserve.com>

Thomas B. Reed...............reedtb@compuserve.com
The Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of CHemical
Engineering...
The Biomass Energy Foundation

Dear George Schupp, Dick Glick and all:

Dick, I'll check out your WWW reference for small gasifiers. Surprised I
hadn't met you, since I've been in biomass gasifiers since 1974.

Harry LaFontaine formed the Biomass Energy Foundation, a 501C3 "not for
profit" Foundation, in 1983. I was a partner and when he died he left it
to me to continue our mutual interests in biomass and biomass gasification.
I operate a small press to keep books on gasification in print, book list
attached.

Harry was a high official in the Danish Underground during World War II.
He manufactured gasifiers during the daytime to cover his underground
activities at night. I have 7 audio tapes of Harry's stories and one video
of him, vacuuming our cat on a bet, among other things. He was very funny,
very clever, and had some dedication to biomass as well as money. I have
thought of writing his biography, but his wife, Edie says he discouraged
it.

Some of the books below are quite practical and include plans for building
WWII gasifiers. Others (the larger ones) have a lot on the theory of
gasification as well. They include a lot of the work done on gasifiers in
the 1980s.

If you have any questions on gasifiers or Harry, I'd be happy to answer
them.

(Incidentally, hard to find addresses of both correspondents - please
everyone put in a small letterhead with E-mail address when writing
Bioenergy, Stoves or gasification.)

Yours truly, TOM REED
~~~~
BOOKS FROM THE BEF PRESS-E-MAIL CATALOGUE

PURPOSES OF THE BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS

Biomass energy and particularly biomass gasification is a field where
publications are often difficult to find. Our aim is to make available
information on biomass at reasonable prices. We list here our newer
releases and current titles and include an order form. We will also make
available at $0.15/page other papers from our extensive library of
technical papers on gasification dating back to the turn of the century.
We also act as a clearinghouse to locate technical assistance for biomass
projects. Thomas B. Reed
HANDBOOK OF BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS
T. B. Reed and A. Das Over a million wood gasifiers were used to power
cars and trucks during World War II. Recent concern about cost and
availability of liquid fuels has reawakened interest in this technology.
Yet, after a decade of interest, there are only a few companies
manufacturing gasifier systems for specialized applications. The authors
have spent more than 12 years working with various gasifier systems,
primarily at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). In this book they
discuss all the factors that must be correct to have a successful "gasifier
power system."

Chapters in the book include: Principles of Gasification; Gasifier Designs;
Gasifier Fabrication & Manufacture; Gasifier Fuels; Instrumentation &
Control; Gas Testing; Engine Adaptation and Operation; Gasifier Systems;
Safety & Environmental Factors; and Decision Making. The book was
originally conceived as an aid to farmers and mechanics who want to build a
"home gasifier" to power generators, pumps, tractors and mills. However,
it has expanded far beyond that scope to be a major reference for anyone
interested in producing power from wood and biomass wastes. 200pp
$25.00

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALE UP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER - T. B. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie. In 1980 the Solar Energy
Research Institute initiated a program to develop an oxygen gasifier to
make methanol from biomass. A novel 1 ton/day gasifier was designed and
studied for five years at SERI on air and oxygen. Now a 25 ton/day
gasifier has been operated on both air and oxygen. This book describes the
theory and operation of the two gasifiers in detail and also discusses the
principles and application of gasification as learned in eight years by the
author-gasifier team. Initially published by DOE with lavish
illustrations. 250pp........ .$25.00

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS - A. Das Long engine life
and reliable operation requires a gas with less than 10 mg of tar and
particulates per cubic meter (10 ppm). The simplified test methods
described here are adapted from standard ASTM and EPA test procedures for
sampling and analyzing char, tar and ash in the gas.
32pp.................................. ..$8.00

TREES - Jean Giono. While we strongly support using biomass for energy, we
are also very concerned about forest destruction. This delightful true
story says more than any sermon on the benefits and methods of
reforestation. 8pp.. ...$1.00

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS
Anyone interested in using biomass for energy should know about the
enormous potential for raising trees along with food crops as an energy
source. This book is reprinted from a conference held by the Solar Energy
Research Institute, convening experts in this field to evaluate potential
crop species and to examine practical systems for the
economical production of energy from wood species. 260 pp
............................................................ ..$20.00

The BEF Press, 1810 Smith Rd., Golden, CO 80401 303-278 0558; ;FAX: 303 278
0560
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS & ORDER BLANK

Cost
HANDBOOK OF BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: T. Reed and A.
Das, (SERI-1988).
140pp (see over)
$25.00. .___ _____

GENGAS: THE SWEDISH CLASSIC ON WOOD FUELED VEHICLES: English translation,
(SERI-1982), edited T.Reed, D. Jantzen and A. Das, with index. This is the
"Old Testament" of gasification, written by the people involved in
successfully converting 90% of transportation of WW II Sweden to wood
gasifiers. Valuable practical and theoretical information. 340pp.
$25.00...___ _____

PRODUCER-GAS: ANOTHER FUEL FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT: Ed. Noel Vietmeyer (The
U.S. National Academy of Sciences-1985) A seeing-is-believing primer with
historical and modern pictures of gasifiers. An outstanding text for any
introductory program. 80pp $8.00...___
_____

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALEUP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER:
T. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie (SERI1988).290pp (see over)
$25.00...___ _____

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: A. Das (1989).32pp (see
over)

$8.00...___ ____

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS:. 260 pp (see over)
$20.00...___ _____

STATE-OF-THE-ART FOR SMALL SCALE GAS PRODUCER-ENGINE SYSTEMS: by A. Kaupp
and J. Goss. (1984) Updates GENGAS and contains engineering data
indispensable for the serious gasifier projects.
278 pp
$25.00...___ _____

GASIFICATION OF RICE HULLS: THEORY AND PRAXIS: A. Kaupp. Applies
gasification to agricultural residues in addition to rice hulls. 303 pp
$25.00...___ _____

WOOD GAS GENERATORS FOR VEHICLES: Nils Nygards (1973). Translation of
recent results of Swedish Agricultural Testing Institute. 50 pp.
$4.00...___ _____

THE PEGASUS UNIT: THE LOST ART OF DRIVING WITHOUT GASOLINE: by Niels A.
Skov and Mark L. Papworth. Detailed drawings of various gasifiers and
systems from World War II. 80 pp
$15.00...__
______

BIOMASS TO METHANOL SPECIALISTS' WORKSHOP: Ed. T. B. Reed and M. Graboski.
Expert articles on biomass to methanol, the clean liquid fuel for the 21st
century. 331 pp $30.00...___ _____

CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLIFIED WOOD GAS GENERATOR: ...by H. LaFontaine and
F.P. Zimmerman (1989). Over 25 drawings and photographs on building a
gasifier for fueling IC engines in a Petroleum Emergency. Originally
published the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , RR28.68 pp
$10.00...___ ____

TREES: by Jean Giono, 1953. A delightful story which says more than any
sermon on the need for reforestation. 8 pp
$1.00...___ _____

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
BOOK
TOTALS.....................................................................
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___ ______
Add $3 handling/order + $1.50/book postage* ________= ________
TOTAL
ENCLOSED..__________

Name___________________________Address_____________________________________
__________

Mail orders to The Biomass Energy Foundation Press (BEFP), 1810 Smith Rd.,
Golden, CO 80401; FAX 303-278 0560;call 303 278 0558;E-mail
reedtb@Compuserve.com. Shipping: $2.50/book to Canada and Mexico, all
other foreign $9/book. 10% discounts on orders for 3 or more books.
Distributor inquiries welcomed. Please include check or money order with
your order, or we will ship COD. No foreign checks (cost more to clear
than value of books).

From Mkgpoon at murxana.wlink.com.np Sun Jun 15 07:43:25 1997
From: Mkgpoon at murxana.wlink.com.np (Poon Adventure)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasification in Nepal
Message-ID: <42@murxana.wlink.com.np>

I was wondering if you know of any suitable sources of
biomass for gasification in Nepal. The biomass must be widely
available, or easy to produce. It will be used in a gasifier on an
industrial level.

Yours,
Nova Panebianco

From ximena.mantilla at inter.net.co Sun Jun 15 17:47:05 1997
From: ximena.mantilla at inter.net.co (XIMENA MANTILLA SILVA)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: e-mail from Colombia
Message-ID: <01BC79AA.D21F5040@acceso108.internet.com.co>

saludos! i'm an electrical engineer student. i'm interested in wood electrical generation

could you please send me some information about economical costs of this theme?,

thanks a lot,

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Wed Jun 18 04:43:16 1997
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Repost - pine ate first try!
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.970618203722.11923A-100000@powerlink.co.nz>

Re: Tar and Catalytic Cracking.
A timely discussion on this issue of catalysts and tar cracking.
We have been off line since February with first supplier, then computer
problems, which makes me wish electronics were steam driven and I could fix
things myself.
However I digress
First let me admit to being limited to understanding tar cracking, in that
I can only relate it to thermal conditions as found within gasifiers.
When I first read about catalyst being used to clean up dirty gas my
only thought was where does the heat come from? So in order for us to
get a tail on this technology, can those who have been using catalysts
explain in simple words the basis on how it is done, or I should say
attempted to be achieved? Has anyone been successful in operating
commercial plant?
This question was put to me by two separate visitors to New Zealand,
who have made previous investments in gasified technologies.
Catalytic tar cracking has not provided the evidence to justify their
inclusion in commercially funded projects. Having been asked
to scrutinise all future projects associated with my visitors
group, if you are pushing catalysts, convince me and I'll give
you your next customer.
On a much more interesting note, Fluidyne have the green light to
build the next generation of engine gasifiers, the Mega Class.
At 500kWe output, it is much more useful in developed countries.
Construction starts September but details remain confidential until then.

Doug Williams
Fluidyne Gasification
Box 21583 Henderson, Auckland New Zealand

+64 9 8386132

From REEDTB at CompuServe.COM Thu Jun 19 10:07:26 1997
From: REEDTB at CompuServe.COM (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tar and Catalytic cracking / green light on Mega Class
Message-ID: <199706191006_MC2-18C7-264A@compuserve.com>

Tom Reed reedtb@compuserve.com

Dear Graham et al:

Your question gives me the opportunity to state the following tentative
observations based on my experience. I hope many others will either agree
where possible or disagree with observations and reasons. The final
results are likely to appear in our book.

Concerning the question of tar destruction by catalysis:

1) Updraft gasifiers produce 5-15% condensible organics (~tar)

2) Fluidized beds produce 2-6% tar

[However, many of these condensible organics are easily cracked thermally
or catalytically]

3) Most downdraft gasifiers produce <0.1% (1000 ppm) tar

4) Good downdraft gasifiers (like IISC) produce < 0.01% tar

[However, this is a true "tarry" tar, sticky and insoluble in most solvents
and requiring a nickel catalyst for complete destructin]. ]

5) Internal combustion engines require <0.005% tar to run over 1000 hours.

So.... those favoring updraft and FB gasifiers are hot for catalytic
cracking (though final levels are still often above those of downdraft).
Those using downdraft gasifiers favor scrubbing and filtering.

~~~~

I hope all of you will take this opportunity to give us your experience.
Congratulations to Fluidyne on moving ahead to a larger size. UP with
DOWNdrafts!

Yours truly, TOM REED

GW said:

Subject: GAS-L: Tar and Catalytic cracking / green light on Mega Class
Re: Tar and Catalytic Cracking.

A timely discussion on this issue of catalysts and tar cracking. We have
been off line since February with first supplier, then computer problems,
which makes me wish electronics were steam driven and I could fix things
myself. However I digress
First let me admit to being limited to understanding tar cracking, in that
I can only relate it to thermal conditions as found within gasifiers. When
I first read about catalyst being used to clean up dirty gas my only
thought was where does the heat com
e from? So in order for us to get a tail on this technology, can those who
have been using catalysts explain in simple words the basis on how it is
done, or I should say attempted to be achieved? Has anyone been successful
in operating commercial plant?
This question was put to me by two separate visitors to New Zealand, who
have made previous investments in gasified technologies. Catalytic tar
cracking has not provided the evidence to justify their inclusion in
commercially funded projects. Having b een asked to scrutinise all future
projects associated with my visitors group, if you are pushing catalysts,
convince me and I'll give you your next customer. On a much more
interesting note, Fluidyne have the green light to build the next
generation of engine gasifiers, the Mega Class. At 500kWe output, it is
much more useful in developed countries. Construction starts September
but details remain confidenti al until then.
>
To: gasification@crest.org
Subject: GAS-L: Tar and Catalytic cracking / green light on Mega Class
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.970613100211.23608A-100000@powerlink.co.nz>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification@crest.org

Re: Tar and Catalytic Cracking.
A timely discussion on this issue of catalysts and tar cracking. We have
been off line since February with first supplier, then computer problems,
which makes me wish electronics were steam driven and I could fix things
myself. However I digress
First let me admit to being limited to understanding tar cracking, in that
I can only relate it to thermal conditions as found within gasifiers. When
I first read about catalyst being used to clean up dirty gas my only
thought was where does the heat com
e from? So in order for us to get a tail on this technology, can those who
have been using catalysts explain in simple words the basis on how it is
done, or I should say attempted to be achieved? Has anyone been successful
in operating commercial plant?
This question was put to me by two separate visitors to New Zealand, who
have made previous investments in gasified technologies. Catalytic tar
cracking has not provided the evidence to justify their inclusion in
commercially funded projects. Having b een asked to scrutinise all future
projects associated with my visitors group, if you are pushing catalysts,
convince me and I'll give you your next customer. On a much more
interesting note, Fluidyne have the green light to build the next
generation of engine gasifiers, the Mega Class. At 500kWe output, it is
much more useful in developed countries. Construction starts September
but details remain confidenti al until then.

From ctraxler at safelab.com Thu Jun 19 16:42:57 1997
From: ctraxler at safelab.com (Chad Traxler)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: DIG-L: Thomas R Miles 1916-1997
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970502214659.0077bca4@mail.teleport.com>
Message-ID: <33A7D193.31A8@safelab.com>

This is an automated reply.

Chad Traxler is no longer located at this e-mail address and no
forwarding information is available. If the message regards Hitchings
Associates business, please forward your original message to Dale
Hitchings (dhitchings@safelab.com)

From bentermm at convertech.co.nz Sun Jun 22 17:25:37 1997
From: bentermm at convertech.co.nz (Markus M Benter)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tar and Catalytic cracking / green light on Mega Class
Message-ID: <v01540b02afd3ef786c2c@[202.37.189.76]>

Dear Tom,

I am just replying to let you know that there are people out there that
read your (and other) e-mails to the gas list with great interest! I rely
on information available through the literature and the net to research
this topic further. Scott Convertech Ltd is not developing its own gasifier
though and thus I cannot report of any "own experience".

When do you think your book will be available?

Thanks for past and future mails.

Markus

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Markus M Benter
Energy and Process Engineer
Scott Convertech Ltd
PO Box 13 776
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.htm

From PowerSou at aol.com Thu Jun 26 15:58:54 1997
From: PowerSou at aol.com (PowerSou@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Precipitator Fires
Message-ID: <970626155805_-360800258@emout06.mail.aol.com>

I am attempting to gather information about precipitator fires.

1. Prevention
2. Causes
3. Actions to take in case of a fire

I am also trying to find information about multicyclone and duct work fires.

Please help if you can.

Thanks,

PowerSou@aol.com
David DeHart
Power Sources, Inc.
9140 ArrowPoint Blvd., Suite 370
Charlotte, NC 28273
(704) 525 - 5819
(Fax) 527 - 1218

From rcala at reduc.cmw.edu.cu Tue Jun 17 14:43:31 1997
From: rcala at reduc.cmw.edu.cu (Ramon Cala Aiello)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:19 2004
Subject: pyrolysis
Message-ID: <9706171443.aa04960@reduc.cmw.edu.cu>

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BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

June 1997 Gasification Archive