August 1998 Gasification Archive

From arcate at email.msn.com Mon Aug 3 18:48:21 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tech-Air Corp. Pyrolysis Process
Message-ID: <000101bdbf32$03b05640$0100007f@localhost>

Gasification Group:

Does anyone have contact information for "American Can Company" and the
Tech-Air process which may be the one described below I found on the USPTO
database.

It was developed at Georgia Institute of Technology for the pyrolysis of
wood sawdust and bark fines.
Technology rights were bought by Tech-Air in 1971. Tech-Air later became a
subsidiary of American Can Company.

thank you,

Jim Arcate

United States Patent 4,317,703
Bowen, et. al. Mar. 2, 1982
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Pyrolysis process utilizing pyrolytic oil recycle
Inventors: Bowen; Mack D. (Smyrna, GA); Purdy; Kenneth R. (Decatur, GA).
Assignee: American Can Company (Greenwich, CT).
Appl. No.: 212,041
Filed: Dec. 3, 1980

A pyrolysis process and system produces a solid residue and a clean,
enriched fuel gas. In the process, the pyrolytic oil and filter cake are
recycled in such a manner as to produce products of optimal value, and to
minimize the need for servicing and downtime of the system. Recycling of
water recovered in the process may also be employed to achieve enrichment of
the gaseous product. The process may be carried out in such a manner as to
produce a non-polluting wastewater stream that can be discharged directly
from the system.

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From mpat at erols.com Mon Aug 3 19:58:58 1998
From: mpat at erols.com (ROGER B. MCMULLEN)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: WWS and MSW disposal
Message-ID: <199808032358.TAA21851@solstice.crest.org>

ATTN: Mr. Doug Williams

Doug,

The communication you had with Malcolm Lefcourt ref: the Fluidyne
gasification problems are solved utilizing the McMullen Process Advanced
Technology (MPAT).

Dwell time and temperatures exceed EPA dioxin and PCB destruction
parameters. The process is a closed end loop process that operates at
atmospheric pressure and is endothermic vs. exothermic. It is not an
incineration or a gasification process posing as pyrolysis. Flame never
touches the feedstock.

MPAT conversion of MSW (reduced to RDF) requires approx. 15% of the
process product gas for self sustaining operation of the process thermal
and electric demands. The remaining gas (85%) is NET PRODUCT or:
One ton of RDF = 1 NET MWh
One ton Tires (TDF) = 1.5 NET MWh

MPAT creates 2 PRODUCTS of conversion;
1) a clean combustible gas
2) activated carbon

No Tars - No Oils - No Particulate - No Precipitators - No stack
No Fly Ash - No need for Haz. Ash landfills - No toxic emmissions

The activated carbon chemically fixates and solidifies heavy metals
within the carbonaceous matrix from i.e. sewage sludge or RDF
(independant lab. analyses confirm no leaching)!

Yes, we do have independent laboratory analyses confirming all claims as
well as practical operations and mass and energy ballances. Also,
written warrantees and gurantees (from i.e. Fairbanks Morse) whereby
direct flow of gas (without need for secondary clean up) into spark or
diesel engines will operate without detonation or deration. Also,
applicable to turbines, boilers and fuel cells.

We have been discretely perfecting this technology for many years and
have just received our international patents.

If you are interested and have an immediate application for this type of
technology please contact me at:

Ph: (215) 646 4222
Fax: (215) 283 3277
E-Mail: mpat@erols.com

Regards,

Roger B. McMullen

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From tmiles at teleport.com Mon Aug 3 21:01:36 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tech-Air Corp. Pyrolysis Process
In-Reply-To: <000101bdbf32$03b05640$0100007f@localhost>
Message-ID: <199808040101.VAA23897@solstice.crest.org>

Jim,

I think that one is long gone. In about 1979 we met with Del Lohuis from
Tech Air at the American Can pulp mill in Halsey, Oregon. They were
interested in using straw and pulp mill sludge as feedstocks. Never heard
from them again. Tech Air had a 33 MMBtuh pilot facility in Georgia but
they never built anything in Oregon.

Regards,

Tom Miles

At 12:56 PM 8/3/98 -1000, Jim Arcate wrote:
>Gasification Group:
>
>Does anyone have contact information for "American Can Company" and the
>Tech-Air process which may be the one described below I found on the USPTO
>database.
>
>It was developed at Georgia Institute of Technology for the pyrolysis of
>wood sawdust and bark fines.
>Technology rights were bought by Tech-Air in 1971. Tech-Air later became a
>subsidiary of American Can Company.
>
>thank you,
>
>Jim Arcate
>
>United States Patent 4,317,703
>Bowen, et. al. Mar. 2, 1982
>----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>----
>Pyrolysis process utilizing pyrolytic oil recycle
>Inventors: Bowen; Mack D. (Smyrna, GA); Purdy; Kenneth R. (Decatur, GA).
>Assignee: American Can Company (Greenwich, CT).
>Appl. No.: 212,041
>Filed: Dec. 3, 1980
>
>
>A pyrolysis process and system produces a solid residue and a clean,
>enriched fuel gas. In the process, the pyrolytic oil and filter cake are
>recycled in such a manner as to produce products of optimal value, and to
>minimize the need for servicing and downtime of the system. Recycling of
>water recovered in the process may also be employed to achieve enrichment of
>the gaseous product. The process may be carried out in such a manner as to
>produce a non-polluting wastewater stream that can be discharged directly
>from the system.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
>http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
>
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Tue Aug 4 07:20:01 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
Message-ID: <199808040729_MC2-5517-BB1@compuserve.com>

Dear Doug:

I am so sorry to hear that Fluidyne Gasification is closing shop. It must
be a great personal disappointment to you and will be a loss to your
country and the world.

I hope that you will continue to be a member of the gasification community
here at CREST and that you will continue to offer advice from your vast
storehouse of experience. (What is Humphries doing now?)

Personally I have been working on gasification since 1974, but it was my
prime source of income only from 1980-86 when we built the SERI/NREL oxygen
gasifier. My deceased friend Harry LaFontaine said that no one ever made
money selling gasifiers, but they have made lots of money doing projects in
gasification. Still too true.

I believe gasification is one of the last holdouts of the physical world
against science. We understand the atom and DNA, but there are still many
things to learn about pyrolysis and gasification. It is an endlessly
fascinating field, mixing science, engineering and invention, so I guess
I'll hang in here until I'm hung out.

We are working on tar free gas generation and gasifiers for agricultural
residues. I am investigating new areas of pyrolysis and the full spectrum
of downdraft gasification.

Yours truly, TOM
REED
CREST,
GASIFICATION
~~~~~

Tom, Dick and Harry et al . . .

When I read your contributions this morning the motivation to comment
became stronger than my desire to plod down the farm and prune my poor
neglected Lime orchard.

Since 1976 I have personally been involved with a research development
manufacture and market development of gasifiers for engine powered
electricity production. Along the way I have accumulated "a little bit of
knowledge" spoken to Presidents and Prime Ministers, Ministers of Energy,
key Ministers of State and possibly a few hundred thousand really committed
people pledging support for renewable energies and biomass in particular.
I have lost count of how many times I have picked up touring academics from
the airport and spent days assisting them with their studies and surveys.

We have attended numerous conferences, mounted working displays at trade
exhibitions, been listed on untold numbers of renewable directories,
responded to consultants "latest" government resource papers etc. In fact
its hard not to believe our company hasn't financed the whole pseudo
activity that has developed around the technology we have endeavoured to
implement.

In order to keep the checks and balances in order mentally I can walk under
mill timber, cut firewood and enjoy the protection of eucalyptus and pine
plantations planted by ourselves. We are also custodians of a small block
of native bush with trees and plants you can find fossils of dating back 80
million years. Indeed biomass can be sustainable but unfortunately people
and money are not.

We closed our workshop dedicated to biomass gasification at the end of June
and Fluidyne becomes just an office full of files of other peoples
unfulfilled dreams. Unfortunately the cost of providing answers to these
dreams has to come from somewhere and Fluidyne has always financed its own
activities not having access to the public purse. You might suggest we
should have developed the gasification processes for RDF and other abundant
biomass wastes which others so flippantly discuss on this network.
Fluidyne has always had parallel R and D for these fuels with one critical
requirement in mind, that of a tar free gas. It is possible and you can
quote me with making that statement. Having said that no doubt the well
informed will add me to the list of purveyors of snake oil when I ask you
to put up your money to make it happen!

Our closure is no admission on my part that we failed to meet our
objectives on our part as a manufacturer, or that our market assessments
were incorrect. The rural world is still without electricity and the cost
of fossil fuel or distance to transport it will continue to be an inhibitor
for power generation in those places. Like everything it is 'horses for
courses' but there are exceptions for every rule in the book - except your
bank book.

So my friends if dedication, enthusiasm, environmental concerns, knowledge,
market surveys, international market opportunities are part of your
vocabulary . . . make sure you pay for these ideals from your own pocket.
It is a good measure for yourself to evaluate if you have it right, and
protection for others if you have not. None of us have the right to
ridicule the aspirations of others, but we do have a responsibility to
identify the snake oil when our experiences tell us that it should exist.

Signing off . . . still dedicated, but for my own good . . .

DOUG WILLIAMS
Fluidyne Gasification (now closed)

<
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Tue Aug 4 07:20:05 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
Message-ID: <199808040729_MC2-5517-BB3@compuserve.com>

Dear David:

Congratulations on having solved gas cooling, cleaning....

I remember talking to you (or someone else at Brightstar?) a year ago and
deckding that you might have a very good system. However, you have been
hiding it under a bushel, because I don't hear much about Brightstar in the
circles I spin in.

My impression is that you have a low temperature pyrolysis system and that
you will produce more "wood oil" than "wood tar", and therefore have less
scrubbing problems than high temperature processes. Also that you will
have a significantly higher hydrocarbon and energy content in your gas than
the usual 6 MJ/nm3. Is this correct? If so, I will be happy to pass the
info on to others. What market are you interested in? Do you find any use
for the scrubbed oils? Do you advertise your gas as a "synthesis gas?

Wish La was closer to CO.

Yours truly, TOM
REED
~~~~~
Message text written by INTERNET:gasification@crest.org
>
Dear Tom,
We have developed a gasifier that produces sufficient
syngas to fuel a 1 MWe recip. gas engine. We have a plant running in Saint
Gabriel, La. which serves as a commercial demonstration and training
facility. The approach that we have taken is to have 1 MWe (12 mmBtu's)
modules coupled with IC engines with each project having multiple
installations of 5 - 10 systems. We have jumped the gas cooing, cleaning,
tar formation etc...etc...hurdles that have plauged this industry for so
long as well as the issues of knock etc in prime movers such as IC engines.

We are currently building a number of "commercial" systems where we will
actually be selling energy to arms length third parties. These projects are
being undertaken on a build own operate basis where we are the financiers,
so I guess we are pretty confident that we are ready for market.

We have a plant in Louisiana, offices in Houston and Brisbane (Australia).

If you or any of the readers require further information, just ask.

David B. Neuwen
Brightstar Synfuels Company
Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3275 5555
<

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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Tue Aug 4 19:26:26 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tech-Air Corp. Pyrolysis Process
Message-ID: <199808041935_MC2-5529-F3ED@compuserve.com>

Dear Gasification:

The Tech-Air project approached commercial success and also had a number of
spinoffs. I think it died in part due to internal infighting, rather than
the more usual technical incompetence of many projects.

I got to know a John Tatom quite well during their troubles. He was
squeezed out by Mat Bowen and worked for US AID for many years "in exile".
He was responsible for some of the interesting innovations in the process
like the "airgitator". I believe he is now teaching in a junior college,
and has worked with Danny Day on charcoal making. Anyone interested in
finding more comments on Tech Air can find him in the phone book in Smyrna,
GA. He's a sweetheart, and a great loss sto gasification. If this doesn't
work, I'll find other routes.

Your mole in the hole, TOM
REED
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Tue Aug 4 19:26:30 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Chimney Flue Optimisaion, Dwyer guage
Message-ID: <199808041935_MC2-5529-F3EE@compuserve.com>

Dear Stove optimizers:

Great discussion on the importance of draft and one way to measure it.

The Dwyer Company makes a "draft guage" for about $30 that beats a plastic
U tube all hollow. I have one in my lab and use it all the time. It is
effectively a sealed tube with red oil calibrated for inches of water. The
lower half of the tube is on a slope, so that it can resolve as little at
0.01 inches of water; the upper part rises steeply to the closed end and
can measure 30 inches of water max. So it is pseudologarithmic in action.

Go for it, Alex............. TOM REED
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From Boomer2298 at aol.com Tue Aug 4 19:45:34 1998
From: Boomer2298 at aol.com (Boomer2298@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Chimney Flue Optimisaion, Dwyer guage
Message-ID: <ce368702.35c79f4b@aol.com>

Tom and all,
Also, in the power house I work in Dwyer makes many other versions such as
Photohelic which provides set point output contacts that could be used for
safety shutdowns such as loss of draft. Gauge center zero DP are useful in
high pressure (puffing) and minimum draft shutdown.

Your Electrical and Instrument Friend
Frank Stefano
International Paper
Recovery Boiler
Erie Mill
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From phoenix at transport.com Tue Aug 4 19:58:26 1998
From: phoenix at transport.com (Art Krenzel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Chimney Flue Optimisaion, Dwyer guage
Message-ID: <199808050008.RAA28344@mail2.transport.com>

To Tom and All,

The Dwyer Magnehelic gage (similar to the Photohelic gage) only cost $207
retail and has high and low pressure manual setpoints with outputs to
alarms. I just bought one today.

Art Krenzel
phoenix@transport.com
Vancouver, WA

----------
> From: Boomer2298@aol.com
> To: gasification@crest.org
> Subject: Re: GAS-L: Re: Chimney Flue Optimisaion, Dwyer guage
> Date: Tuesday, August 04, 1998 4:54 PM
>
> Tom and all,
> Also, in the power house I work in Dwyer makes many other versions such
as
> Photohelic which provides set point output contacts that could be used
for
> safety shutdowns such as loss of draft. Gauge center zero DP are useful
in
> high pressure (puffing) and minimum draft shutdown.
>
> Your Electrical and Instrument Friend
> Frank Stefano
> International Paper
> Recovery Boiler
> Erie Mill
> Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
> http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
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From VHarris001 at aol.com Fri Aug 7 00:17:14 1998
From: VHarris001 at aol.com (VHarris001@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: steam engines
Message-ID: <974ee53c.35ca81fd@aol.com>

In a message dated 98-06-14 02:34:51 EDT, you write:

> 146942@classic.msn.com
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From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Sun Aug 9 03:16:29 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
Message-ID: <199808090324.PAA08522@powerlink.co.nz>

Dear Tom and Colleagues,

I appreciate your words of support which as you say comes at a time of
great disappointment. The closing of Fluidyne's workshop was the result of
a situation completely outside of my control, so at least don't feel that
the lack of interest or need for the technology in this instance was to
blame.

It was intended that the workshop close and go into storage until the need
for workspace developed again, as I know it eventually will - but I had a
rather nasty fall in the process of wrecking the workshop, and suddenly
gasifiers become of less interest than standing upright again! Lucky for
me I escaped spinal damage and only suffered a black posterior. What it
did do though, is to remind me that there has to be limitations of physical
input, and my days of working heavy metal are over. Having said that, My
workshop at home is fully equipped and I still can do everything I need to
do should someone thrust a pile of money at me to do it.

My ego had a boost at your suggestion that Fluidyne's activity will be a
loss, for it has been of no interest to anyone here in New Zealand. For a
country sitting on the Pacific Rim of fire, a major earthquake has the
potential to destroy every source of electric power generation in this
country (hydro and natural gas generation). It is not a scenario that any
energy planner wishes to address and much easier for wiser sages to say it
will not happen. As it turns out, I don't have to worry myself with two
gasifiers and an engine genset sitting out in the shed.

My interest and participation in gasification work is you might say, put on
hold, but there is always plenty to write about, points to ponder and
details to debate. In that respect, you can expect contributions to this
forum as time allows as I do have a number of issues that do need comment.

My other interest is natural health care and I specialise in stressed feet.
If you have ever wondered why golfers miss their swing, footballers miss
the posts, or any loss of form from our sports people, you can now say . .
. I know just the fellow you should contact. It is all in the biomechanics
of the feet.

Thanks again for your moral support, while I make this transition of
modalities.

Before I finish, I have had requests for photographs of gasifier projects
and activities etc. Graeme has offered to put them on the website, a few
at a time. This can only be for regular readers and will be changed on a
weekly basis, for anyone interested and if so, is there anything specific
that you would like to see.

Kindest Regards,

DOUG WILLIAMS

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From arnt at c2i.net Sun Aug 9 15:10:38 1998
From: arnt at c2i.net (Arnt Karlsen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
In-Reply-To: <199808090324.PAA08522@powerlink.co.nz>
Message-ID: <35CDF672.58733F5B@c2i.net>

Hi, Graeme,

..you wrote:[snip]

> My ego had a boost at your suggestion that Fluidyne's activity will be a
> loss, for it has been of no interest to anyone here in New Zealand. For a
> country sitting on the Pacific Rim of fire, a major earthquake has the
> potential to destroy every source of electric power generation in this
> country (hydro and natural gas generation). It is not a scenario that any
> energy planner wishes to address and much easier for wiser sages to say it
> will not happen. As it turns out, I don't have to worry myself with two
> gasifiers and an engine genset sitting out in the shed.

..how bad an earthquake do your plant survive and how do you do it ?[snip]

> Before I finish, I have had requests for photographs of gasifier projects
> and activities etc. Graeme has offered to put them on the website, a few
> at a time. This can only be for regular readers and will be changed on a
> weekly basis, for anyone interested and if so, is there anything specific
> that you would like to see.

..how much total webspace do you need for all photos?(Photos has been scanned
?)

KRf Arnt Karlsen

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From phoenix at transport.com Sun Aug 9 15:49:29 1998
From: phoenix at transport.com (Art Krenzel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
Message-ID: <199808091959.MAA14737@mail2.transport.com>

Doug-

We have a very unique opportunity to preserve the information in a
reference file accessable to all for more than the week you propose. Alex
English is collecting all manner of photos for the collective good of all
those interested in an accessible web site and I, for one, would appreciate
an opportunity to review this information when a "flash" of inspiration
hits me.

Please consider making the information to the entire group for as long as
this group is active rather than one week or so.

I highly respect your experience and feel privileged to share
electronically information you have gained through great economic and
personal sacrifice.

Art Krenzel
Battle Ground, WA
phoenix@transport.com
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Aug 10 17:42:40 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
Message-ID: <199808101752_MC2-55B4-89F8@compuserve.com>

Dear Doug:

We would love to see your best gasifier system photos on the WED from
Graeme and we can copy them elsewhere if they threaten to disappear.

While you were dismantling your workshop I spent a solid week readying my
lab for future projects, throwing out 8 years of accumulated stuff, and
making the survivors much more useful since I will be able to find them!

Leg Health you say? Believing that the legs are a solid foundation for a
long life, I play racketball and tennis several times a week. I
occasionally get leg cramps and the other night I got LEGS cramps - both at
once, more excruciating than I have ever had. I looked on the WWW for
wisdom on leg cramps and only found quinine dubiously recommended. Any
wisdom?

Your netpal, TOM REED
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Aug 10 17:42:43 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: 'Draft Gauge' from Dwyer Company General Info
Message-ID: <199808101752_MC2-55B4-89F2@compuserve.com>

Dear Huynh:

The Dwyer Instrument Co. is located at Box 373, Michigan City, IN 46361;
phone 219 879 8000.

I found the low pressure gauge on p. 856 of the Grainger catalogue, $20.96.

I am enclosing a list of our books on gasificaiton. That's all I know ....
: )

TOM REED

Message text written by "Huynh, Danh"
>Dear Tom,

I have just got an email message passed to me from a colleague (Tony
Campisi
who is on the mailing list of BioGasification Group) regarding the above
pressure drop measurement. It sounds interesting. I would appreciate if
you could pass on to me a contact address of Dwyer Company so that I may
decide to purchase one.

Also, if you have any interesting information/development on gasification
of
biomass, coal, etc. I would like to know and learn. I do not know much
about SERI/NREL oxygen gasifier as mentioned in your note to Doug Williams.
Can it be used with air ? and would greatly appreciate to receive some
info.
We have been working on mainly on fluidised-bed
gasification of low-rank coal for some years.

My email address is: huynd@hrl.com.au

Regards,

Danh
<

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ISBN 1-890607-12-6 8pp $1.00
EVALUATION OF GASIFICATION AND NOVEL THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE - W. Niessen et al. 1996 NREL report by Camp Dresser
and McKee on MSW conversion processes198 pp.$25.00

BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS & ORDER BLANK
No. Cost
BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS HANDBOOK: T. Reed and A. Das,
(SERI-1988).
ISBN 1-890607-00-2 140pp $25.00 ___ _____

GENGAS: THE SWEDISH CLASSIC ON WOOD FUELED VEHICLES: English translation,
(SERI-1979; DAS 1982) edited T.Reed, D. Jantzen and A. Das, with index.
This is the "Old Testament" of gasification, written by the people involved
in successfully converting 90% of transportation of WW II Sweden to wood
gasifiers.
ISBN 1-890607-01-0 340pp. $30.00 ___ _____

PRODUCER-GAS: ANOTHER FUEL FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT: Ed. Noel Vietmeyer (The
U.S. National Academy of Sciences-1985) A seeing-is-believing primer with
historical and modern pictures of gasifiers. An out-standing text for any
introductory program. ISBN 1-890607-02-9 80pp $10.00 ___ _____

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALEUP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER: T. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie (SERI 1988).Operation of a 1 to
25 ton/day system for power and syn-gas..
ISBN 1-890607-03-7 290pp $30.00 ___ _____

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: A. Das (1989). Test that
gas!
ISBN 1-890607-04-5 32pp $10.00 ___ _____

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS: Tom Milne (SERI) Trees to
grow for energy.
ISBN 1-890607-05-3 260 pp $25.00 ___ _____

SMALL SCALE GAS PRODUCER-ENGINE SYSTEMS: by A. Kaupp and J. Goss. (1984)
Updates GENGAS and contains engineering data indispensable for the serious
gasifier projects.
ISBN 1-890607-06-1 278pp $30.00 ___ _____

GASIFICATION OF RICE HULLS: THEORY AND PRAXIS: A. Kaupp. Applies
gasification to rice hulls and other agricultural residues. ISBN
1-890607-07-X 303pp $30.00 ___ _____

WOOD GAS GENERATORS FOR VEHICLES: Nils Nygards (1973). Translation of
recent results of Swedish Agricultural Testing Institute. ISBN
1-890607-08-8 50 pp. $4.00 ___ _____

THE PEGASUS UNIT: THE LOST ART OF DRIVING WITHOUT GASOLINE: by Niels A.
Skov and Mark L. Papworth. Description and detailed drawings of various
gasifiers and systems from World War II.
ISBN 1-890607-09-6 80 pp $20.00 __ ______

BIOMASS TO METHANOL SPECIALISTS' WORKSHOP: Ed. T. B. Reed and M. Graboski.
Expert articles on biomass to methanol. ISBN 1-890607-10-X 331 pp
$30.00...___ _____

CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLIFIED WOOD GAS GENERATOR: H. LaFontaine (1989) -
Over 25 drawings and photographs on building a gasifier for fueling IC
engines in a Petroleum Emergency (FEMA RR28).
ISBN 1-890607-11-8 68pp $15.00 ___ _____

TREES: by Jean Giono, 1953. A delightful story which says more than any
lecture on the need for reforestation.
ISBN 1-89060712-6 8 pp $1.00 ___ _____
EVALUATION OF GASIFICATION AND NOVEL THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE - W. Niessen et al. 1996 NREL report by Camp Dresser
and McKee on MSW conversion processes198 pp.$25.00
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
ORDER BLANK
BOOK TOTAL
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Add $3 handling/order + $1.50/book postage (in US & Can) $_________= ______
TOTAL ENCLOSED__________
SHIP TO:
Name______________________________________________________________________
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E-mail order to reedtb@Compuserve.com or Mail orders to The Biomass Energy
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0560;call 303 278 0558;. We'll send invoice with books. Pay by postal
order or check on US Banks. (No foreign checks - can cost $25 to cl
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From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Wed Aug 12 04:44:07 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
Message-ID: <199808120451.QAA03502@powerlink.co.nz>

----------
> From: Thomas Reed <REEDTB@compuserve.com>
> To: Graeme Williams <graeme@powerlink.co.nz>; GASIFICATION
<gasification@crest.org>; STOVES <stoves@crest.org>
> Subject: Re: GAS-L: Not goodbye, Doug Williams, I hope
> Date: Tuesday, August 11, 1998 9:51 AM
>
> Dear Doug:
>
> We would love to see your best gasifier system photos on the WED from
> Graeme and we can copy them elsewhere if they threaten to disappear.
>
> While you were dismantling your workshop I spent a solid week readying my
> lab for future projects, throwing out 8 years of accumulated stuff, and
> making the survivors much more useful since I will be able to find them!
>
> Leg Health you say? Believing that the legs are a solid foundation for a
> long life, I play racketball and tennis several times a week. I
> occasionally get leg cramps and the other night I got LEGS cramps - both
at
> once, more excruciating than I have ever had. I looked on the WWW for
> wisdom on leg cramps and only found quinine dubiously recommended. Any
> wisdom?
>
> Your netpal, TOM REED

Dear Tom and Colleagues
Re: Fluidyne Photographs
The photographs in our records date back to 1977 when I made a mistake and
built the first gasifier for Jack Humphries, my boss at that time.

Photographs without text are useless and require a lot of effort on my part
(at this time) to make them all available, so will request your patience
and put them up a set at a time with text and a cover story, something like
the German Reports I submitted last year.

To get us going the first group will show the Pacific Class gasifier
features as the specifications are already on the web site. We can then
show some projects and branch out into specific subjects if the interest is
indicated. Everyone has my permission to use these photographs as teaching
aids, and I do not place any restriction on their use. We will get them
scanned in over the weekend or sooner and advise their availability.

Without highjacking this forum to discuss your foot problems Tom, it sounds
like your leg cramps are foot activated and you have a deviation
developing. Make sure your footwear isn't worn or unsupportive of your
ankles. You can also trot down to your local health shop and buy of bottle
of Vitamin B1` multi mineral complex. If it still continues, we can
discuss it e-mail direct.

Regards
Doug Williams.

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From poncelet at term.ucl.ac.be Wed Aug 12 05:53:37 1998
From: poncelet at term.ucl.ac.be (Jean-Marc Poncelet)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: database
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980812120149.009dbdb0@spot.term.ucl.ac.be>

Dear all,

Does anybody know where I can find a database with values about fixed
carbon, volatile content and ash content for various hardwoods.

Best regards,

Jean-Marc Poncelet

---------------------------------------------------------------
PONCELET JEAN-MARC
Research Engineer

University of Louvain - Department of Mechanical Engineering

+++ GEB (Group for Energy from Biomass) +++

Place du Levant 2
B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
BELGIQUE

Tél.: +32(0)10-47 22 32
Fax.: +32(0)10-45 26 92
----------------------------------------------------------------

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From AEGraf at inxpress.net Fri Aug 14 10:29:39 1998
From: AEGraf at inxpress.net (A.E.Graf)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: BioEnergy '98, October 4-8
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980814093400.006b20f4@inxpress.net>

CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT - PLEASE DISTRIBUTE

BioEnergy '98, "Expanding Bioenergy Partnerships"
October 4-8, 1998
Madison, Wisconsin USA

BioEnergy ’98 will be held October 4 - 8, 1998 at the new Frank Lloyd
Wright Monona Terrace Convention Center in Madison, Wisconsin. BioEnergy
’98 is a premier conference on energy from biomass (plant derived renewable
energy resources). "Expanding Bioenergy Partnerships" is the theme of the
eighth biennial event sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy
Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Bureau and many other supporters, and
is hosted by the Great Lakes Regional Biomass Energy Program.

Participants from around the world will learn and share information on
state-of-the-art bioenergy technologies, project case studies, biomass
resource availability, research and development, economics and financing,
and policy issues affecting the industry. In addition, BioEnergy ‘98 will
review global bioenergy market opportunities from the Kyoto agreement on
climate change and other important environmental drivers.

The goal of BioEnergy '98 is to create new and powerful partnerships to
commercialize bioenergy technologies, promote sustainable and
environmentally beneficial energy resources, and establish long term
strategic alliances. The bioenergy industry is entering an integral period
of growth as lower cost and more efficient bioenergy technologies are
becoming increasingly competitive in the global energy market. BioEnergy
'98 will bring together private industry, leading developers and
researchers, agricultural industry and others to define and develop these
opportunities.

The forum for discussion includes plenary sessions, nine technical tours,
industry trade show, poster presentations and 24 concurrent sessions on a
wide variety of subjects ranging from coburning, bioconversion, green
marketing, gasification, ethanol production, biodiesel, fuel cell
technology, and biogas. Keynote speakers include Dan Reicher, DOE Assistant
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Robert Wolcott, EPA’s
Deputy Assistant Administrator on Planning and Evaluation, David Morris,
Vice President and author of the Carbohydrate Economy from the Institute
for Local Self Reliance; James Woolsley, former U.S. CIA director; Donald
Aikin of Union of Concerned Scientists and Eric Vaughn, President,
Renewable Fuels Association.

Register by September 8 for early bird rates. The registration fee of $325
includes admission to all sessions, trade show exhibition, proceedings on
CD-ROM, planned meals and receptions and local technical tours. Trade show
space is still available. The fee for exhibit space includes a full
registration. Space is limited and will be filled on a first come fist
serve basis.

For more information about the conference and to register on-line, go to
www.cglg.org/bioenergy98. Or contact Fred Kuzel, Great Lakes Regional
Biomass Energy Program, 35 E. Wacker Dr., #1850, Chicago, IL 60601; (312)
407-0177; fax (312) 407-0038, e-mail fkuzel@cglg.org.

###

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From max.lauer at joanneum.ac.at Fri Aug 14 11:04:02 1998
From: max.lauer at joanneum.ac.at (Lauer Maximillian)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: database
Message-ID: <199808141504.LAA06412@solstice.crest.org>

At 12:01 12.08.1998 +0200, you wrote:
>
>Dear all,
>
>Does anybody know where I can find a database with values about fixed
>carbon, volatile content and ash content for various hardwoods.
>
>Best regards,
>
>Jean-Marc Poncelet
>
>
>
Dear all,

There is a extensive and reliable database on solid biomass fuels existing
at the Vienna Univeristy of Technology. Please contact:

Vienna University of Technology
Insitute of Chemical Engineering
Prof. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer
Getreidemarkt 9/159
A-1060 Vienna
Phone ++43 1 58801 4728
email: hhofba@fbch.tuwien.ac.at
Maximilian Lauer Tel Nr. ++43 316 876 1336
JOANNEUM RESEARCH Fax Nr.:++43 316 876 1320
Institut für Energieforschung
Elisabethstr. 5
A-8010 Graz

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From defaultuser at domain.com Sat Aug 15 00:55:02 1998
From: defaultuser at domain.com (PFA)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification of Biomass Projects
Message-ID: <199808150455.AAA08055@solstice.crest.org>

We are operating two bagasse based Cogeneration Projects with an
aggregate capacity of 47MW in Chennai, southern part of India. We are
currently evaluating proposals relating to gasification of bagasse. in
this context you msg is of interest to us. We would appreciate if you
could respond to
N.srinivasan@gnmds-tasl.globalnet.ems.vsnl.net in
to proceed further. Regards.

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From pdi-portland at worldnet.att.net Mon Aug 17 22:01:58 1998
From: pdi-portland at worldnet.att.net (William Partanen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Spark Engine & Low Btu Producer Gas
Message-ID: <199808180201.WAA04615@solstice.crest.org>

I am looking for a manufacturer of spark engines with any experience in
burning low Btu producer gas (1000kcal/m3). This gas is produced from
biomass in gasifiers ranging in size from 250 - 1000 Nm3/hr.

Bill Partanen

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From 6512 at m.aarhus.ih.dk Tue Aug 18 10:33:53 1998
From: 6512 at m.aarhus.ih.dk (CHAD GARTNER)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
Message-ID: <A469D70DB0@m.aarhus.ih.dk>

We are two engineering students who are planning on developing a
cyclone gasifier for thermal conversion of straw to biogas.
We are interested in receiving information from anyone who has
worked on similar projects.
We are doing this project in cooperation with the Danish
Technological Institute (DTI).
Please contact us!

Att: Chad Gardner / Bjarne Waldstroem
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Aarhus School of Engineering
Dalgas Avenue 2
8000 Aarhus C
Denmark

e-mail : 6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk
: 4775@m.aarhus.ih.dk

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From hlee1 at ford.com Tue Aug 18 10:33:54 1998
From: hlee1 at ford.com (Hether Lee)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: CNG / Diesel
Message-ID: <199808181433.KAA24628@solstice.crest.org>

to: gasification@crest.org

Hello. My name is Hether Lee. I work for Ford Motor Co., in Dearborn, MI. I am
doing research on CNG / Diesel dual fuel technology. I ran across some
bulletin board type postings on the subject, with this email address as a
contact.

I am interested in speaking with companies that are doing dual fuel research.
If you have any information, could you write me back at hlee1@ford.com. I look
forward to hearing from you.

Regards,
Hether Lee
Alt. Fuels Design
(313) 390-3610

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From tmiles at teleport.com Tue Aug 18 11:00:34 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
In-Reply-To: <A469D70DB0@m.aarhus.ih.dk>
Message-ID: <199808181510.IAA03680@mail.easystreet.com>

Chad,

We still need good simple systems for low temperature pyrolysis and gasification of straws.

Look at the work done by Pillard and CEMAGREF in France in the late 1970's and early 1980s on suspension gasification of straw. It would be reported in the European Biomass Energy meetings of about 1983-1985. They fired chopped straw in suspension in a vortex similar to one we used for direct combustion (our "concentric vortex" straw/cornstalk burner).

Pillard found that they had to recirculate a fair quantity of gas to maintain mass flow within the reactor. Rapid pyrolysis systems like Ensyn's RTP system avoid this problem by substituting a recirculating media for heat transfer and mass flow.

One advantage of chopped straw is that you make a fuel with a uniform thickness which promotes flash pyrolysis. You should also look at the flash pyrolysis work of Garret Research from the 1970s.

Jim Diebold at NREL used a simple vortex in his ablative pyrolysis reactor. He was able to pyrolyze a variety of finely divided fuels. In his case we was trying to promote contact between the fuel and externally heated walls.

In our double vortex, cyclone-like, burner we used a cool outer shell of incoming air to keep the burner walls cool and to mix with inner vortex combustion gases. This allowed us to use a simple metal shell. We had found that alkali in straw promotes deposition, erosion and corrosion on hot metal or refractory walls, so we used the incoming (combustion air) gas stream as a buffer. The principle worked quite well. For other combustion work with cyclones and aerodynamic flameholders look for work by Dr. Essenhigh at Pennsylvania. With todays tools you should be able to do some interesting process modelling that wasn't possible before.

Regards,

Tom Miles

At 12:37 PM 8/18/98 +0100, CHAD GARTNER wrote:
>We are two engineering students who are planning on developing a
>cyclone gasifier for thermal conversion of straw to biogas.
>We are interested in receiving information from anyone who has
>worked on similar projects.
>We are doing this project in cooperation with the Danish
>Technological Institute (DTI).
>Please contact us!
>
>Att: Chad Gardner / Bjarne Waldstroem
>Department of Mechanical Engineering
>Aarhus School of Engineering
>Dalgas Avenue 2
>8000 Aarhus C
>Denmark
>
>e-mail : 6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> : 4775@m.aarhus.ih.dk
>
>Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
>http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
>

-------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas R. Miles tmiles@teleport.com
T.R. Miles, Technical Consultants, Inc.
1470 SW Woodward Way
Portland, Oregon, USA Tel:(503) 646-1198/292-0107
http://www.teleport.com/~tmiles/ Fax:(503) 605-0208/292-2919
Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From hauserman at corpcomm.net Tue Aug 18 12:15:52 1998
From: hauserman at corpcomm.net (William B. Hauserman)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
Message-ID: <199808181625.LAA05639@ns1.corpcomm.net>

From james at sri.org.au Tue Aug 18 19:13:23 1998
From: james at sri.org.au (James Joyce)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
Message-ID: <19980819092257james@jj_lap.sri.org.au>

A wood waste fuelled gasifier design using a rotary swirl cyclone
particle clean-up and gas cooling system is described in the Australian
Research and Development Corporation (ERDC) report ERDC 226 titled
Development of a Biomass Fuelled Entrained Flow Gasifier, July 1994.

No doubt the design could suit straw as well.

The report describes the design, mathematical modelling and testing of
two protype units and also contains a review of other cyclone type
entrained flow gasifier designs. The units were designed for the 250-
1000 kWe size range, using an internal combustion engine genset.

The relevant contributors were Biomass Energy Services and Technology
Pty. Ltd. (B.E.S.T), TREElectric and the report's authors Mr. T Dennis,
Mr. S Erry, Dr. Stephen Joseph, Dr. Anne Lear, Dt. Tim Langrish and
Prof. Yin Fu Yin.

The ERDC was abolished last year so the best suggestion I can make as a
way to locate this report would be to contact the Australian Department
of Primary Industries and Energy via :

http://www.dpie.gov.au/dpie/energy.html

or CADDET (Centre for Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy
Technologies) on

http://www.dpie.gov.au/netenergy/caddet/index.htm

> Chad & Bjarne -
>
> The following researcher has developed an extremely realistic
> computer simulation of a cyclone gasifier, based on a real unit under
> development at NREL (US Dept. Energy, in Colorado)
>
> Dr. Josette Bellan
> Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov
> Good luck.
> Bill Hauserman
>
> ----------
> > From: CHAD GARTNER <6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk>
> > To: gasification@crest.org
> > Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
> > Date: Tuesday, August 18, 1998 7:37 AM
> >
> > We are two engineering students who are planning on developing a
> > cyclone gasifier for thermal conversion of straw to biogas.
> > We are interested in receiving information from anyone who has
> > worked on similar projects.
> > We are doing this project in cooperation with the Danish
> > Technological Institute (DTI).
> > Please contact us!
> >
> > Att: Chad Gardner / Bjarne Waldstroem
> > Department of Mechanical Engineering
> > Aarhus School of Engineering
> > Dalgas Avenue 2
> > 8000 Aarhus C
> > Denmark
> >
> > e-mail : 6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> > : 4775@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> >
> > Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
> > http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive

James Joyce
Engineer
Sugar Research Institute
Mackay Australia
ph. (07) 4952 7698
intl ph. INTL + 61 7 4952 7600
fax (07) 4952 1734
Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From james at sri.org.au Tue Aug 18 19:46:15 1998
From: james at sri.org.au (James Joyce)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
Message-ID: <19980819095549james@jj_lap.sri.org.au>

It turns out I know a bit about Bellan's work, or more precisely Miller
and Bellan. I have reviewed a number of their papers for my lit.
review. They're the fellas wearing out a Cray supercomputer to do
numercial simulations of biomass vortex pyrolysis.

They have also done some excellent work describing and modeling the
fundamentals of biomass particle pyrolysis (using superimposed kinetics
of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin pyrolysis to allow simulation of
any biomass). Their review of other works and application of this to
computer modeling is some of the most useful material I have found,
from a biomass gasification modeling perspective (even though the
papers I have seen apply more directly to pure pyrolysis than
gasification, ie. no added oxygen / air).

See Energy & Fuels 1998, No. 12 and J. Combust Sci. Technol. 1997, No.
126 for two of their recent papers.

> The following researcher has developed an extremely realistic
> computer simulation of a cyclone gasifier, based on a real unit
> under development at NREL (US Dept. Energy, in Colorado)
>
> Dr. Josette Bellan
> Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov
> Bill Hauserman
>

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Wed Aug 19 10:25:49 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Carbonising Sawdust: Downdraft Kiln Trials
Message-ID: <199808191035_MC2-5690-74D7@compuserve.com>

Dear ELK:

Our sympathies for your erratic progress in sawdust charcoal making.

Once you accept that fact that for every two steps forward, you may make
one step back, life goes a lot more smoothly.

I hope you are characterizing the the sawdust properties in your XYZ data
gathering. Moisture content and size are the two most important variables.

We use sawdust to make our product SEA SWEEP, a hydrophobic, oleophilic oil
absorbent, so I have handled many tons of good and bad sawdust and we go
the distance to find a suitable sawdust.

For your purposes and our purposes the best sawdust is rather coarse,
larger than 1 mm max dimension, so that air can pass through for drying and
gasifying/pyrolysing. Unfortunately most of that size sawdust tends to be
50% moisture, first cut sawdust when the trees are still full of water.
Later, after kiln drying, most ofthe sawdust is produced from finer saws
and is dry but small.

Ah me, there is no promise that life will be simpe, but at least we can be
aware of the problems.

Your stovepal, TOM REED

Message text written by E.L.Karstad
>
The sawdust I'm currently using may be too fine- it's from urban
woodworking
shops. I'm collecting the large particle size sawdust today- some 7 tons-
from a rural sawmill that 'squares off' logs using a large toothed band
saw.
Larger particle size should increase airflow, though the decreased total
surface area attributable to the increased particle size may reduce burn
rate.

I'll keep you posted. This work doesn't produce results as quickly at
stove-work!

elk
<

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From mlefcort at compuserve.com Wed Aug 19 14:22:21 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Carbonising Sawdust: Downdraft Kiln Trials
Message-ID: <199808191431_MC2-568D-6778@compuserve.com>

Tom,

> For your purposes and our purposes the best sawdust is rather coarse,
> larger than 1 mm max dimension, so that air can pass through for drying
and
> gasifying/pyrolysing. Unfortunately most of that size sawdust tends to
be
> 50% moisture, first cut sawdust when the trees are still full of water.
> Later, after kiln drying, most ofthe sawdust is produced from finer saws
> and is dry but small.

As you have learned to your chagrin, large, modern sawmills, in an effort
to maximize their recoveries, have resorted to thinner and thinner
"thin-kerf saws". Only the log deck cut-off saws still produce the 1/8
inch to 3/16 inch size sawdust.

What is worse, the thin-kerf saws used to saw the cants (debarked,
rectangular or square timbers) up into boards have to be water-cooled. I
have measured sawdust moisture contents of 58% and 59% (wet basis) from
thin-kerf sawn BC Interior logs. Such high moisture contents used to be
found only on the coast.

Designers of MDF (medium density fiberboard) and particleboard plants are
having to adjust to the wetter, smaller sawdust coming from the sawmills.
Some are being forced to refine valuable pulp chips to get the needed
strength in boards smaller than 3/8 inch thick.

Malcolm Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering Inc
Vancouver, BC
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From Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com Wed Aug 19 19:13:21 1998
From: Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com (Stephen Schuck)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
Message-ID: <23210199064848@domain1.bigpond.com>

Australian ERDC reports are available from Energy Strategies Pty Ltd, PO
Box 4170, Manuka ACT 2603
Australia. Email publications@enerstrat.com.au.

Steve Schuck
Australian Biomass Taskforce Manager.

Web: www.users.bigpond.com/Steve.Schuck/ABT

----------
> From: James Joyce <james@sri.org.au>
> To: gasification@crest.org; 6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk; 4775@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> Subject: Re: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
> Date: Wednesday, 19 August 1998 19:22
>
> A wood waste fuelled gasifier design using a rotary swirl cyclone
> particle clean-up and gas cooling system is described in the Australian
> Research and Development Corporation (ERDC) report ERDC 226 titled
> Development of a Biomass Fuelled Entrained Flow Gasifier, July 1994.
>
> No doubt the design could suit straw as well.
>
> The report describes the design, mathematical modelling and testing of
> two protype units and also contains a review of other cyclone type
> entrained flow gasifier designs. The units were designed for the 250-
> 1000 kWe size range, using an internal combustion engine genset.
>
> The relevant contributors were Biomass Energy Services and Technology
> Pty. Ltd. (B.E.S.T), TREElectric and the report's authors Mr. T Dennis,
> Mr. S Erry, Dr. Stephen Joseph, Dr. Anne Lear, Dt. Tim Langrish and
> Prof. Yin Fu Yin.
>
> The ERDC was abolished last year so the best suggestion I can make as a
> way to locate this report would be to contact the Australian Department
> of Primary Industries and Energy via :
>
> http://www.dpie.gov.au/dpie/energy.html
>
> or CADDET (Centre for Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy
> Technologies) on
>
> http://www.dpie.gov.au/netenergy/caddet/index.htm
>
>
>
> > Chad & Bjarne -
> >
> > The following researcher has developed an extremely realistic
> > computer simulation of a cyclone gasifier, based on a real unit under
> > development at NREL (US Dept. Energy, in Colorado)
> >
> > Dr. Josette Bellan
> > Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov
> > Good luck.
> > Bill Hauserman
> >
> > ----------
> > > From: CHAD GARTNER <6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk>
> > > To: gasification@crest.org
> > > Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
> > > Date: Tuesday, August 18, 1998 7:37 AM
> > >
> > > We are two engineering students who are planning on developing a
> > > cyclone gasifier for thermal conversion of straw to biogas.
> > > We are interested in receiving information from anyone who has
> > > worked on similar projects.
> > > We are doing this project in cooperation with the Danish
> > > Technological Institute (DTI).
> > > Please contact us!
> > >
> > > Att: Chad Gardner / Bjarne Waldstroem
> > > Department of Mechanical Engineering
> > > Aarhus School of Engineering
> > > Dalgas Avenue 2
> > > 8000 Aarhus C
> > > Denmark
> > >
> > > e-mail : 6512@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> > > : 4775@m.aarhus.ih.dk
> > >
> > > Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
> > > http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
>
>
> James Joyce
> Engineer
> Sugar Research Institute
> Mackay Australia
> ph. (07) 4952 7698
> intl ph. INTL + 61 7 4952 7600
> fax (07) 4952 1734
> Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
> http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
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From tmiles at teleport.com Wed Aug 19 22:37:01 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Cyclone converter - thermal gasification of straw
In-Reply-To: <23210199064848@domain1.bigpond.com>
Message-ID: <199808200247.TAA00531@mail.easystreet.com>

At 03:07 PM 8/19/98 +1000, Stephen Schuck wrote:
>> The report describes the design, mathematical modelling and testing of
>> two protype units and also contains a review of other cyclone type
>> entrained flow gasifier designs. The units were designed for the 250-
>> 1000 kWe size range, using an internal combustion engine genset.

I think the scale of this design is particulary interesting. We found that
scaling up cyclonic designs at low pressures is difficult, in practice,
about about 1 ton per hour or approximately 1 MWe.

Tom
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From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Thu Aug 20 04:20:22 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Fluidyne Archive Photographs.
Message-ID: <199808200428.QAA23446@powerlink.co.nz>

Dear Colleagues,
Sorry for the slight delay in setting up the web page for presenting
photographic material from our record archives. It is easy to commit your
own time, but I actually made a commitment of Graeme's time to do it all
for me, not easy at the end of the day.

Apart from the hundreds of photographs, there are just as many negatives
which are missing their prints. In the past we have used these to make up
photographic presentations with individual text to answer questions
specific to clients project. Standardised brochures just don't work for
rural gasification projects. Without labouring the point, I have made my
financial contribution to international gasification and will require small
donations if your own personal interests require reprints to follow the
thread of discussion. One less Big Mac or beer is a contribution to your
own good health rather than gasification!!

In making our photographs available, I hope it fills a gap in your studies
that we found missing in the fireside literature being presented about
gasified rural electrification.

Please circulate the web page to all who may be interested, and download
the photographs quickly for your files.

Your questions (if any) will be answered, but again please be patient as I
juggle priorities.

Regards
Doug Williams.

Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Thu Aug 20 04:23:47 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Fluidyne Archive Photographs
Message-ID: <199808200431.QAA23467@powerlink.co.nz>

Sorry, we missed the url from the initial post. The url is:

http://powerlink.co.nz/~graeme/dougspictures.html

Regards,

Graeme Williams
Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From npandit at gmu.edu Thu Aug 20 12:41:27 1998
From: npandit at gmu.edu (Nitin Pandit)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Spark Engine & Low Btu Producer Gas
In-Reply-To: <199808180201.WAA04615@solstice.crest.org>
Message-ID: <35DC5429.14F@gmu.edu>

Bill:

Please post a list of manufacturers for some of us on the list. Thanx.

Nitin Pandit

William Partanen wrote:
>
> I am looking for a manufacturer of spark engines with any experience in
> burning low Btu producer gas (1000kcal/m3). This gas is produced from
> biomass in gasifiers ranging in size from 250 - 1000 Nm3/hr.
>
> Bill Partanen
>
> Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
> http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From pchakra at teri.res.in Fri Aug 21 00:52:03 1998
From: pchakra at teri.res.in (P Chkravarty)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL -Forwarded-Forwarded
Message-ID: <s5dd4a62.089@teri.res.in>

I suppose we all can least do this.

Thanks

P. Chakravarty

To: aartis@teri.res.in,abhagni@teri.res.in, aditid@teri.res.in,ajays@teri.res.in, akar@teri.res.in, akhilar@teri.res.in,akmisra@teri.res.in, akpandey@teri.res.in, aksingh@teri.res.in,akumar@teri.res.in, alkan@teri.res.in, alkas@teri.res.in,aloka@teri.res.in, alokg@teri.res.in, alpanah@teri.res.in,amathur@teri.res.in, ambhatia@teri.res.in, amirza@teri.res.in,amitk@teri.res.in, amkedia@teri.res.in, ams@teri.res.in,anands@teri.res.in, anithas@teri.res.in, anjanad@teri.res.in,annops@teri.res.in, anshus@teri.res.in, anub@teri.res.in,anujab@teri.res.in, anupama@teri.res.in, anuv@teri.res.in,apthomas@teri.res.in, arpnaa@teri.res.in, asbah@teri.res.in,asen@teri.res.in, ashishg@teri.res.in, ashishn@teri.res.in,ashitad@teri.res.in, asingh@teri.res.in, asmurthy@teri.res.in,aswaleh@teri.res.in, atuld@teri.res.in, atyagi@teri.res.in,avanche@teri.res.in, avenkat@teri.res.in, banerjee@teri.res.in,banilk@teri.res.in, banwaril@teri.res.in, bchand@teri.res.in,beenam@teri.res.in, bhallams@teri.res.in, bharatp@teri.res.in,brao@teri.res.in, brsekhar@teri.res.in, bvijaya@teri.res.in,chetank@teri.res.in, cnair@teri.res.in, cnshah@teri.res.in,csinha@teri.res.in, cssinha@teri.res.in, csurend@teri.res.in,dckar@teri.res.in, ddarora@teri.res.in, debashis@teri.res.in,deepas@teri.res.in, deepikad@teri.res.in, deeptim@teri.res.in,dgupta@teri.res.in, dhingras@teri.res.in, dilips@teri.res.in,dineshkd@teri.res.in, dpant@teri.res.in, dramela@teri.res.in,drawat@teri.res.in, dsharma@teri.res.in, dsrk@teri.res.in,dvbhatia@teri.res.in, eshukp@teri.res.in, evramc@teri.res.in,galteren@teri.res.in, gauravb@teri.res.in, gautams@teri.res.in,gayatrih@teri.res.in, geetsood@teri.res.in,girisha@teri.res.in, girishs@teri.res.in, gopalk@teri.res.in,grathna@teri.res.in, gurneetv@teri.res.in, hasan@teri.res.in,hilal@teri.res.in, honeyt@teri.res.in, hsnagi@teri.res.in,ihrehman@teri.res.in, indiracv@teri.res.in,indirar@teri.res.in, indrani@teri.res.in, jaiswami@teri.res.in,jayan@teri.res.in, jayaram@teri.res.in, ssingh@teri.res.in,TERI.TERIDL.bdsharma@teri.res.in
Subject: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL -Forwarded
From: Madan Singh Negi <msnegi@teri.res.in>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 09:22:51 +0500

To: shanxs@hotmail.com,amirza@teri.res.in, arpnaa@teri.res.in,dilips@teri.res.in, hasan@teri.res.in, jayeshb@teri.res.in,lubina@teri.res.in, preetis@teri.res.in, preetyb@teri.res.in,sudhirs@teri.res.in
Subject: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL
From: Meenakshi Verma <MVerma@newstelevision.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:00:21 +0500
Sender: Meenakshi Verma <MVerma@newstelevision.com>

>===== Original Message From ESGE.DEL@RMX.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in =====
RFC-822-Headers:
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155

----------
> From: Singh, Sangeeta <SinghS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>
> To: 'Abhijeet Z Singh' <Abhijeet.Z.Singh@transport.qld.gov.au>; 'Bhoomi'
<Bhoomi@punj.com.au>; Bowles, Pam <BowlesP@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; Farrow,
Rosa <FarrowR@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'Metha Praphakorn'
<vega@pronet.net.au>; McLaren, Kerrie <MclareK@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'MS
Bali' <post@del2.vsnl.net.in>; Pereira, Suzanne
<PereirS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; Ramsden, Michael @ QFRI
<ramsden@qfslab.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'sdamre' <sdamre@prodigy.net>;
'sheela' <medisafe@novanet.net.au>; 'seemi@cairns.net.au'; Singh, Danny
<SinghD@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'SURYA SHAH' <Surya.Shah@tees.ac.uk>; 'T.V.
Paul' <TPAUL@LEACOCK.Lan.McGill.CA>
> Subject: FW: FW: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL (fwd)
> Date: Friday, 14 August 1998 10:09
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: at at [SMTP:amittandon@hotmail.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, 13 August 1998 23:23
> > To: SinghS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au
> > Cc: Abhijeet.Z.Singh@transport.qld.gov.au; praphako@tgm.com.au;
> > khush@godrejpacific.com; neeraj@istar.ca
> > Subject: Fwd: FW: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL (fwd)
> >
> >
> >
> > >=20
> > >> >>> >> Dear All,
> > >> >>> >>
> > >> >>> >> I just received this mail from a friend of mine in my
> > >> >>> >> College. Please respond to it. It will just mean
> > >> >>> >> employing a little bit of time and
> > >> >>> >> won't cost you a penny. All it needs is
> > >> >>> >> the heart for you to send this mail. PLEASE pass this
> > >> >>> >> mail on to everybody you know. It is the request of a little
> > >> >>> >> girl who will soon leave this world as she has been a
> > >> >>> >> victim of the terrible disease called CANCER. Thank
> > >> >>> >> you for your effort, this isn't a chain letter, but a
choice
> > >> >>> >> for all of us to save a little girl that's dying of a
> > >> >>> >> serious and fatal form of cancer. Please send this to
> > >> >>> >> everyone you know...or don't know. This little girl
> > >> >>> >> has 6 months left to live, and as her dying wish, she wanted
> > >> >>> >> to send a chain letter telling everyone to live their
> > >> >>> >> life to fullest, since she never will. She'll never
> > >> >>> >> make it to prom, graduate from high school, or get married
> > >> >>> >> and have a family of her own. By you sending this to as
> > >> >>> >> many people as possible, you can give her and
> > >> >>> >> her family a little hope, because with
> > >> >>> >> every name that this is sent to, The American Cancer
> > >> >>> >> Society will donate 3 cents per name to her treatment and
> > >> >>> >> recovery plan. One guy sent this to 500 people!!!!
> > >> >>> >> So,I know that we can send it to at least 5 or 6. Come
> > >> >>> >> on you guys.... and if you're too selfish to take 10-15
> > >> >>> >> minutes scrolling this and forwarding it to EVERYONE,
> > >> >>> >> then you are one sick person. Just think it could
> > >> >>> >> be you one day.It's not even your money ,just your
> > >> >>> >> time!!!
> > >> >>> >>
> > >> >>> >> PLEASE PASS ON
> > >> >>> >>
> > >> >>> >> Dr. Dennis Shields
> > >> >>> >> Professor
> > >> >>> >> Department of Developmental and
> > >> >>> >> Molecular Biology
> > >> >>> >> Albert Einstein College of
> > >> >>> >> Medicine of Yeshiva University
> > >> >>> >> 1300 Morris Park Avenue
> > >> >>> >> Bronx, New York 10461
> > >> >>> >> Phone 718-430-3306
> > >> >>> >> Fax 718-430-8567

From etc58350 at ait.ac.th Fri Aug 21 05:10:40 1998
From: etc58350 at ait.ac.th (P. Abdul Salam)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gas analyser for a laboratory gasification system
In-Reply-To: <199808200431.QAA23467@powerlink.co.nz>
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.96.980821160653.10301B-100000@alphaserv.ait.ac.th>

Dear Sir,

Could you please suggest a company which manufacture gas analysers.

We are planning to buy a gas analyser which can measure the
following gases ina gasification system : CH4 (max.vol%- 5),
H2 (max.vol%-30), CO (max.vol%-35), and CO2 (max.vol% -20).

Regards,

**************************************************************************
P.Abdul Salam * Voice: (66-2) 524-5430 (Office)
Energy Program * (66-2) 524-8175 (Residence)
Asian Institute of Technology * (66-2) 524-6217 (Laboratory)
P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang * Fax : (66-2) 524-5439 Attn: Salam
Pathumthani 12120 *
Thailand * email: etc58350@ait.ac.th
**************************************************************************

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From michaz at thepentagon.com Sat Aug 22 08:24:20 1998
From: michaz at thepentagon.com (Michiel Brendel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tar analysis
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980822142933.00923660@pop5.inter.nl.net>

Dear sir,

What methods are common to analysis tar?
Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
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From d_knowles at bigfoot.com Sun Aug 23 16:57:53 1998
From: d_knowles at bigfoot.com (David Knowles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL
Message-ID: <199808232057.QAA29150@solstice.crest.org>

-Forwarded
-Forwarded
References: <s5dd4a62.089@teri.res.in>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

This is a hoax. If you like, check with the American Cancer Society.

I for one would appreciate contributors to this list sticking to the
matters at hand. We all get enough junk email.

P Chkravarty wrote:
>
> I suppose we all can least do this.
>
> Thanks
>
> P. Chakravarty
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Subject: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL -Forwarded
> Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 09:22:51 +0500
> From: Madan Singh Negi <msnegi@teri.res.in>
> To: aartis@teri.res.in,abhagni@teri.res.in, aditid@teri.res.in,
> ajays@teri.res.in, akar@teri.res.in, akhilar@teri.res.in,
> akmisra@teri.res.in, akpandey@teri.res.in, aksingh@teri.res.in,
> akumar@teri.res.in, alkan@teri.res.in, alkas@teri.res.in,
> aloka@teri.res.in, alokg@teri.res.in, alpanah@teri.res.in,
> amathur@teri.res.in, ambhatia@teri.res.in, amirza@teri.res.in,
> amitk@teri.res.in, amkedia@teri.res.in, ams@teri.res.in,
> anands@teri.res.in, anithas@teri.res.in, anjanad@teri.res.in,
> annops@teri.res.in, anshus@teri.res.in, anub@teri.res.in,
> anujab@teri.res.in, anupama@teri.res.in, anuv@teri.res.in,
> apthomas@teri.res.in, arpnaa@teri.res.in, asbah@teri.res.in,
> asen@teri.res.in, ashishg@teri.res.in, ashishn@teri.res.in,
> ashitad@teri.res.in, asingh@teri.res.in, asmurthy@teri.res.in,
> aswaleh@teri.res.in, atuld@teri.res.in, atyagi@teri.res.in,
> avanche@teri.res.in, avenkat@teri.res.in, banerjee@teri.res.in,
> banilk@teri.res.in, banwaril@teri.res.in, bchand@teri.res.in,
> beenam@teri.res.in, bhallams@teri.res.in, bharatp@teri.res.in,
> brao@teri.res.in, brsekhar@teri.res.in, bvijaya@teri.res.in,
> chetank@teri.res.in, cnair@teri.res.in, cnshah@teri.res.in,
> csinha@teri.res.in, cssinha@teri.res.in, csurend@teri.res.in,
> dckar@teri.res.in, ddarora@teri.res.in, debashis@teri.res.in,
> deepas@teri.res.in, deepikad@teri.res.in, deeptim@teri.res.in,
> dgupta@teri.res.in, dhingras@teri.res.in, dilips@teri.res.in,
> dineshkd@teri.res.in, dpant@teri.res.in, dramela@teri.res.in,
> drawat@teri.res.in, dsharma@teri.res.in, dsrk@teri.res.in,

> dvbhatia@teri.res.in, eshukp@teri.res.in, evramc@teri.res.in,
> galteren@teri.res.in, gauravb@teri.res.in, gautams@teri.res.in,
> gayatrih@teri.res.in, geetsood@teri.res.in,
> girisha@teri.res.in, girishs@teri.res.in, gopalk@teri.res.in,
> grathna@teri.res.in, gurneetv@teri.res.in, hasan@teri.res.in,
> hilal@teri.res.in, honeyt@teri.res.in, hsnagi@teri.res.in,
> ihrehman@teri.res.in, indiracv@teri.res.in,
> indirar@teri.res.in, indrani@teri.res.in, jaiswami@teri.res.in,
> jayan@teri.res.in, jayaram@teri.res.in, ssingh@teri.res.in,
> TERI.TERIDL.bdsharma@teri.res.in
>
> Subject: FWD: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL
> Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:00:21 +0500
> From: Meenakshi Verma <MVerma@newstelevision.com>
> To: shanxs@hotmail.com,amirza@teri.res.in, arpnaa@teri.res.in,
> dilips@teri.res.in, hasan@teri.res.in, jayeshb@teri.res.in,
> lubina@teri.res.in, preetis@teri.res.in, preetyb@teri.res.in,
> sudhirs@teri.res.in
>
> >===== Original Message From ESGE.DEL@RMX.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in =====
> RFC-822-Headers:
> X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
> X-Priority: 3
> X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
>
> ----------
> > From: Singh, Sangeeta <SinghS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>
> > To: 'Abhijeet Z Singh' <Abhijeet.Z.Singh@transport.qld.gov.au>; 'Bhoomi'
> <Bhoomi@punj.com.au>; Bowles, Pam <BowlesP@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; Farrow,
> Rosa <FarrowR@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'Metha Praphakorn'
> <vega@pronet.net.au>; McLaren, Kerrie <MclareK@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'MS
> Bali' <post@del2.vsnl.net.in>; Pereira, Suzanne
> <PereirS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; Ramsden, Michael @ QFRI
> <ramsden@qfslab.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'sdamre' <sdamre@prodigy.net>;
> 'sheela' <medisafe@novanet.net.au>; 'seemi@cairns.net.au'; Singh, Danny
> <SinghD@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au>; 'SURYA SHAH' <Surya.Shah@tees.ac.uk>; 'T.V.
> Paul' <TPAUL@LEACOCK.Lan.McGill.CA>
> > Subject: FW: FW: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL (fwd)
> > Date: Friday, 14 August 1998 10:09
> >
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: at at [SMTP:amittandon@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, 13 August 1998 23:23
> > > To: SinghS@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au
> > > Cc: Abhijeet.Z.Singh@transport.qld.gov.au; praphako@tgm.com.au;
> > > khush@godrejpacific.com; neeraj@istar.ca
> > > Subject: Fwd: FW: PLEASE FORWARD THIS TO HELP THIS LITTLE GIRL (fwd)
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > >=20
> > > >> >>> >> Dear All,
> > > >> >>> >>
> > > >> >>> >> I just received this mail from a friend of mine in my
> > > >> >>> >> College. Please respond to it. It will just mean
> > > >> >>> >> employing a little bit of time and
> > > >> >>> >> won't cost you a penny. All it needs is
> > > >> >>> >> the heart for you to send this mail. PLEASE pass this
> > > >> >>> >> mail on to everybody you know. It is the request of a little
> > > >> >>> >> girl who will soon leave this world as she has been a
> > > >> >>> >> victim of the terrible disease called CANCER. Thank
> > > >> >>> >> you for your effort, this isn't a chain letter, but a
> choice

> > > >> >>> >> for all of us to save a little girl that's dying of a
> > > >> >>> >> serious and fatal form of cancer. Please send this to
> > > >> >>> >> everyone you know...or don't know. This little girl
> > > >> >>> >> has 6 months left to live, and as her dying wish, she wanted
> > > >> >>> >> to send a chain letter telling everyone to live their
> > > >> >>> >> life to fullest, since she never will. She'll never
> > > >> >>> >> make it to prom, graduate from high school, or get married
> > > >> >>> >> and have a family of her own. By you sending this to as
> > > >> >>> >> many people as possible, you can give her and
> > > >> >>> >> her family a little hope, because with
> > > >> >>> >> every name that this is sent to, The American Cancer
> > > >> >>> >> Society will donate 3 cents per name to her treatment and
> > > >> >>> >> recovery plan. One guy sent this to 500 people!!!!
> > > >> >>> >> So,I know that we can send it to at least 5 or 6. Come
> > > >> >>> >> on you guys.... and if you're too selfish to take 10-15
> > > >> >>> >> minutes scrolling this and forwarding it to EVERYONE,
> > > >> >>> >> then you are one sick person. Just think it could
> > > >> >>> >> be you one day.It's not even your money ,just your
> > > >> >>> >> time!!!
> > > >> >>> >>
> > > >> >>> >> PLEASE PASS ON
> > > >> >>> >>
> > > >> >>> >> Dr. Dennis Shields
> > > >> >>> >> Professor
> > > >> >>> >> Department of Developmental and
> > > >> >>> >> Molecular Biology
> > > >> >>> >> Albert Einstein College of
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> > > >> >>> >> 1300 Morris Park Avenue
> > > >> >>> >> Bronx, New York 10461
> > > >> >>> >> Phone 718-430-3306
> > > >> >>> >> Fax 718-430-8567

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From ges at iies.es Mon Aug 24 03:47:08 1998
From: ges at iies.es (BESEL)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: IC motors suppliers
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980824100208.0068793c@mailhost.iies.es>

Hi colleagues,
I'm searching the suppliers for Spain (or Europe) of IC motors (in the
range up to 500 kW) capable to run on 1.3% tar gasifier gas, or 80% gas and
20% diesel oil.
Can anybody give me contact details?
Thanks in advance.
Guillermo J. Escobar
Address: Ríos Rosas, 32
E-28003-Madrid
SPAIN
Telephone +34914516910
Mobile +34929219920
Facsimile +34914429309
e-mail: ges@iies.es
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From jim.birse at dial.pipex.com Mon Aug 24 06:42:30 1998
From: jim.birse at dial.pipex.com (Jim Birse)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: IC motors suppliers
Message-ID: <002a01bdcf4c$c48ed100$2f4e95c1@hy53.dial.pipex.com>

Dear Guillermo,

Try contacting John Leech of Ormrod diesels. Ormord specialise in
remanufacture of marine diesel engines for use in electricity generation -
they can therefore offer customised engines with commercial guarantees at
very competitive rates.

Contact:

John Leech

T: +44 1695 731 847
F: +44 1695 557 926

amanda@ormrod.nwnet.co.uk

I hope that John has the right engine for you.

Regards,

Jim Birse
............................................................................
British BioGen
Trade Association to the UK Bioenergy Industry
7th Floor 63-66 Hatton Garden
London EC1N 8LE
Tel: 0171 831 7222
Fax: 0171 831 7223
jim@britishbiogen.co.uk
www.britishbiogen.co.uk

-----Original Message-----
From: BESEL <ges@iies.es>
To: gasification@crest.org <gasification@crest.org>
Date: 24 August 1998 09:00
Subject: GAS-L: IC motors suppliers

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From arnt at c2i.net Mon Aug 24 12:40:34 1998
From: arnt at c2i.net (Arnt Karlsen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: IC motors suppliers
In-Reply-To: <3.0.3.32.19980824100208.0068793c@mailhost.iies.es>
Message-ID: <35E199CC.B81EBA2D@c2i.net>

BESEL wrote:

> Hi colleagues,
> I'm searching the suppliers for Spain (or Europe) of IC motors (in the
> range up to 500 kW) capable to run on 1.3% tar gasifier gas, or 80% gas and
> 20% diesel oil.

..dual fuelling sounds ok, but you are not really going to feed gas containing
1.3% tar to the engine, are you ? I'd remove the tar first...

..several of the major engine suppliers are visiting the ONS, here in
Stavanger, I'll ask around. Typically these people will want to know all the
gas data before they will consider quoting a price and delivery for a genset
system.

chk URL http://www.ons.no/ for an overview of the ONS.

Regards, Arnt Karlsen

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From bentermm at convertech.co.nz Mon Aug 24 16:33:01 1998
From: bentermm at convertech.co.nz (Markus M Benter-Lynch)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: IC motors suppliers
Message-ID: <v01540b01b208189ab419@[202.37.189.122]>

>Hi colleagues,
>I'm searching the suppliers for Spain (or Europe) of IC motors (in the
>range up to 500 kW) capable to run on 1.3% tar gasifier gas, or 80% gas and
>20% diesel oil.
>Can anybody give me contact details?
>Thanks in advance.
>Guillermo J. Escobar
>Address: Ríos Rosas, 32
> E-28003-Madrid
> SPAIN
>Telephone +34914516910
>Mobile +34929219920
>Facsimile +34914429309
>e-mail: ges@iies.es
>Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
>http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive

Try TMW in Germany:

TMW GmbH Nordhausen
Freiherr vom Stein Str 30c
99734 Nordhausen
Germany

ph +49 3631 658 202
fax +49 3631 658 243

Cheers
Markus

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Markus M Benter-Lynch
Energy and Process Engineer
Scott Convertech Ltd
PO Box 13 776
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.htm

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From koelebtg at ct.utwente.nl Tue Aug 25 02:37:35 1998
From: koelebtg at ct.utwente.nl (Hans Jurgen Koele)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tar analysis
In-Reply-To: <3.0.3.32.19980822142933.00923660@pop5.inter.nl.net>
Message-ID: <199808250647.AA19430@ct.utwente.nl>

>What methods are common to analysis tar?

Try http://btg.ct.utwente.nl/Projects/558

Hans Jurgen Koele.

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From k.kwant at novem.nl Thu Aug 27 08:41:27 1998
From: k.kwant at novem.nl (kwant)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tar analysis
Message-ID: <01bdd1b9$14534b80$24210602@T3336.Utrecht.Novem.NL>

goeie reactie Hans, zo mag ik het zien, Kees
-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: Hans Jurgen Koele <koelebtg@ct.utwente.nl>
Aan: gasification@crest.org <gasification@crest.org>
Datum: dinsdag 25 augustus 1998 8:55
Onderwerp: Re: GAS-L: tar analysis

>>What methods are common to analysis tar?
>
>Try http://btg.ct.utwente.nl/Projects/558
>
>Hans Jurgen Koele.
>
>
>Gasification List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES
>http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive

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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Fri Aug 28 19:32:18 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gas analyser for a laboratory gasification system
Message-ID: <199808281942_MC2-57B3-9662@compuserve.com>

Dear Abdul Salam:

If you have an unlimited budget for gas measurement and plan to make many
measurements, you can get a gas chromatograph for $5,000-50,000. You
should also hire someone to learn to use it and calibrate it.

If your needs are more modest, you can buy an Orsat apparatus (wet
absorption) for about $1,000.

Good luck, let me know how it turns out. Yours
truly, TOM REED

Dear Sir,

Could you please suggest a company which manufacture gas analysers.

We are planning to buy a gas analyser which can measure the
following gases ina gasification system : CH4 (max.vol%- 5),
H2 (max.vol%-30), CO (max.vol%-35), and CO2 (max.vol% -20).

Regards,

**************************************************************************
P.Abdul Salam * Voice: (66-2) 524-5430 (Office)

Energy Program * (66-2) 524-8175 (Residence)
Asian Institute of Technology * (66-2) 524-6217 (Laboratory)
P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang * Fax : (66-2) 524-5439 Attn: Salam

Pathumthani 12120 *
Thailand * email: etc58350@ait.ac.th
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Fri Aug 28 19:32:43 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: RE: Emissions Target for Wood Fueled Cooking Stove
Message-ID: <199808281942_MC2-57B3-966C@compuserve.com>

Dear Alex et al:

We all share concerns in the measurement of emissions, particularly from
cooking stoves which are likely to be used indoors with the cook very close
to whatever escapes combustion.

A MAJOR reason for our interest here in WOOD-GAS stoves (as opposed to WOOD
STOVES) is that gasification permits (but does not mandate) clean
combustion by control of air fuel ratios during combustion of volatiles and
charcoal.

It is important to realize that the gases generated in flaming combustion
are very different from those arising from the charcoal, though both
contain high levels of CO.

I have a (Morningstar?) simple CO meter that I have been using to monitor
my current TURBO wood-gas stove. The stove provides adequate (but not too
much) air for secondary combustion of the gas in a well insulated chamber,
and I don't measure any CO, though I would like a better tester.

I recently placed the CO meter directly over my stove after I had
"extinguished" the stove by placing a ceramic lid over the flame holder. I
was surprised to see on checking 4 hours later that the stove was still
hot, presumably due to a small leak of primary air. 8 hours later, at 2 AM
my wife shook me awake to fix the alarm on the meter that emitted a
piercing shriek and registerd 150 ppm CO (our in my lab). Wow! A
thermocouple in the charcoal bed registered only 150 C.

>From this I learned how difficult it is to extinguish the charcoal and how
little air it takes to continue CO generation, even at very low
temperature. Frankly I am puzzled, because, while charcoal burns primarily
to CO
above 700C, equilibrium calculations show that it makes primarily CO2 at
lower temperatures, and I should have thought very little at 150C. So,
I'll run some more tests and calculations. Meanwhile, BE CAREFUL about
"nascent" charcoal (freshly formed and very pyrophoric!).

Your netpal, TOM
REED

It is incredibly difficult to

Dear Norbert and all,

I have been looking at the data files of the test burns for
Masonry Heater, which were archived at
http://mha-net.org/msb/html/lop-arc.htm#Data

When looking at this data I feel it is justified to ignore the
predictable rise in CO emissions during the charcoal phase at the end
of the batch burn cycle. Regardless, I agree with Norbert,
there seems to be ample evidence of a lack of correlation between
carbon monoxide emissions and particulate matter emissions over a the
fairly wide range of the CO/CO2 ratios and excess air factors,
typical of these tests. Only in a few cases related to start up,
where emissions for CO and Particulates were very high, was there a
clear positive correlation between the two. The CO and CO2 levels
were similar to measurements I have taken during unbridled batch
burns in box stoves.

I should point out that in the majority of cases, the masonry heater
tests showed that their particulate matter emissions were lower than
the current best values for EPA approved wood stoves, on a grams per
kilograms basis. Bravo!

> My gut feeling is that the correlation simply isn't there, except
> perhaps for a few very controlled scenarios (advanced cooking stoves
> just might be one of them, however). Although I'm very far from
> being an expert, my browsing of the literature on pyrolysis etc.,
> tells me that wood combustion chemistry is extremely complicated,
> compared to fossil fuel combustion. There are so many interactions
> and possible chemical pathways that it makes the mind spin. From my
> observations with cordwood, there seem to be two main CO sources:
> fuel-rich, unmixed, cold conditions at startup, when volatiles
> predominate, and charcoal burning at the end.

For me, the question remains, is there an emissions correlation for
more "controlled" wood combustion operating at lower CO/CO2 ratios.
perhaps with less excess air? Can that added control be low tech?

Surely greater "control" is the only possible route to cleaner
combustion. The masonry heaters tests were conducted with some
control over fuel characteristics and arrangement. Air was limited
somewhat, and the design minimizes cold surfaces where flames would
quench. Correct me if I am wrong Norbert, but these masonry heaters
don't have features which attempt to "control" or improve upon the
random turbulence which occurs naturally in the flame path which
flows upward from the fuel.

It appears from the data in D-hk94c.xls that some operational
'control' resulted in a significant reduction of PM emissions
for the later runs 7 to 16, as compared with 1 to 6. ?

> For a masonry heater, really clean would be .001, but that would
> be over the whole burn cycle, including cold start and charcoal
> phase.

Please check this again, I think this is an error. The single point
best CO/CO2 that I found in the data was closer to .003, with the
average, during the 'stable' middle portion of the burn, being closer
to .01. A target standard for 'clean' combustion in steady state chip
burners, for example, would be .00125 or less. Seemingly small
decimal differences, being ratios, mean more than they may appear to.
These lower numbers represent conditions like higher
temperatures and better mixing which are necessary for the more
complete conversion of CO and presumably many of the compounds which
would ultimately end up as particulate emissions.

Some additional data would be helpful for this exploration. If some
of the best EPA stoves are operating with better CO/CO2 ratios
while achieving no better PM results, then I don't have a point. If
the 'clean' chip burners are no better on PM, then I don't have a
point. It could be that other factors are key.
There are a number of possibilities, perhaps none of them are
relevant to masonry heaters.

Given the nature of cooking stoves, cold start, small scale and
fuel variability, it wouldn't be hard to be a skeptic.

For now I shall remain a naivic. Alex

PS. There are folks on this list who could shed light on this topic.
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From REEDTB at compuserve.com Fri Aug 28 19:32:49 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Tom Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tar analysis
Message-ID: <199808281942_MC2-57B3-966D@compuserve.com>

Dear Hans Jurgen Koele et al:

>What methods are common to analysis tar?

Try http://btg.ct.utwente.nl/Projects/558

Hans Jurgen Koele.
>

HJK asks about the measurement of "tar".

The measurement and reporting of "tar" is in a state of flux these days, so
it is hard to give a solid answer..

1) The pejorative word "tar" has many different compositions, depending on
the method of gasification

2) The European Energy Commision is spending a great deal of time and
money trying to define "tars" and specify measurement methods

3) Tar may actually be beneficial in heating applications where it adds to
fuel value of producer gas - possibly making a 5 MJ/m3 gas actually 10 or
20 MJ/m3

4) Tars should not be confused with particulates, typically char-ash or
soot

I heard the other day that the EEC had reached a tentative agreement that
"tar" was that fraction of condensibles boiling above 80 C. (This has the
advantage of excluding benzene from being called tar.) This means that
diesel fuel is a "tar". Also water. I hope this isn't a final decree.

>From my viewpoint, only condensible materials that cause a problem for a
PARTICULAR application should be called a TAR for that application. So,
creosotes that stick to engine parts at 100C would be a tar for engines,
but would be burned in turbines, so would not be a tar there.

A monograph on tar is being prepared by folks at NREL. I hope they get
this all sorted out. Meanwhile, Agua Das and I are re-editing his 1988
CONTAMINENT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS at the BEF Press. This
specifies methods for measuring "tar" for operation of IC engines.

COMMENTS???

Yours truly, TOM REED

~~~~~

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS - A. Das Long engine life
and reliable operation requires a gas with less than 10 mg of tar and
particulates per cubic meter (10 ppm). The simplified test methods
described here are adapted from standard ASTM and EPA test procedures for
sampling and analyzing char, tar and ash in the gas.
32pp.................................. ..$15.00

>What methods are common to analysis tar?

Try http://btg.ct.utwente.nl/Projects/558

Hans Jurgen Koele.

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From arcate at email.msn.com Sat Aug 29 19:08:33 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: another charcoal tale
Message-ID: <000501bdd3a3$2823b280$0100007f@localhost>

Hello Gasification Group:

First a tip from the WSJ about Browsers and Multiple Windows: Rather than
clicking on a link using the left mouse button, use the right mouse button
to open the link(s) in a new window(s). The first window stays intact and a
second window opens for the new page. You can switch back to the first
window without the delays common to the back button, etc..........

Now another charcoal tale:

I have been working as a volunteer for the Clean Hawaii Center in a
workgroup researching recycling and reuse of construction and demolition
wood waste. My topic is waste wood for fuel for electric
power generation. Please see my draft report at
http://www.techtp.com/projects/

I propose that we consider converting biomass to charcoal and co-fire
charcoal with coal at the AES Hawaii power plant. Charcoal would be
manufactured using a new high-yield process developed at the University of
Hawaii, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute.

The cost of charcoal is very sensitive to the cost of biomass feedstock and
$ 70 per ton is at the "low end" of the expected range of charcoal prices.

Q1: Can charcoal at $70 per ton be "competitive" with coal in Hawaii?

The plant manager at AES Hawaii told me he could buy coal today for $40 a
ton ($28 plus $12 for shipping). But AES is now paying ~ $70 per ton per
their
contract for coal from Indonesia. Note: that's a "premium" of $21,000,000
for the
~ 700,000 tons per year fired at AES.

Q2: Can charcoal at $70 per ton be "competitive" with coal at $40 per ton ?

Charcoal has more energy than coal with 1 ton of charcoal replacing ~ 1.2
tons of coal. Co-firing 37,800 tons per year of charcoal (made from 120,000
tons per year of wood and green wastes) priced at $70 per ton would cost
approx. $832,000 or ~ 3% more than firing 700,000 tons of coal purchased
at $40 per ton. That is about $3.50 per year for each of HECO's roughly
239,000 customers.

$832,000 is a lot less than $21,000,000.

Feedback ??

Jim Arcate
3289 Manoa Road Apt A
Honolulu, HI 9682-1273
(808) 988-7502
www.techtp.com

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From arcate at email.msn.com Sun Aug 30 15:08:12 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:41 2004
Subject: GAS-L: techtp web site
Message-ID: <000101bdd44a$c1f6fe60$0100007f@localhost>

Hello:

I am sorry my web site was not accessible last night. But it appears to be
working now.
Please see my draft report at www.techtp.com/projects/

James R. Arcate
3289 Manoa Road Apt A
Honolulu, HI 9682-1273
(808) 988-7502
www.techtp.com

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BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

August 1998 Gasification Archive