July 1998 Gasification Archive

From TurboBiz at aol.com Wed Jul 1 11:44:10 1998
From: TurboBiz at aol.com (TurboBiz@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: How earth friendly is gasification?
Message-ID: <45762e34.359a5b47@aol.com>

The first point to consider on this gasification process is that for the most
part the materials it converts to gas are already part of the surface
bisphere. That is, they are plants or similar derivitaves that are part of the
surface eco system.

Gasify some wood fibre or agricultural plant wastes and the net result, after
gasification is just production of CO2. This is not a problem because that CO2
was already in the biosphere, at some point, before it became a plant and
then hence energy material.

The heat produced in the process for the most part is used to convert water to
steam for generation of electricity or clean drinking water.

The need to get rid of municipal waste from 700 landfill sites in the US is a
compelling reason to use gasification. There is a methane burning gas co-
generation plant in Torrence CA that extracts methane form a local landfill
site. Again not to serious a problem at first glance becasue the fuel for the
plant was produced on the surface in the first place. However, methane is a
very heavy load for the bisphere to handle so this is should not be our first
choice.

Where the problem with gasification comes in is when it is used to convert
coal or
pertoleum or plastics into energy. These materials are not part of the surface
biosphere and once converted to energy add to our probelm of adding CO2 to the
air.

The practical application of the gasifier to the use of plant wastes as fuel
makes perfect sense and is ideal for economies that have huge volumes of plant
material that could be used as fuel, do not have access large scale hydro-
electric plants, and
are idealy sized to use the energy that these installation could produce. From
my reading, a 10MW gasification plant would be very large by current
standards.

Gasification is an ideal energy source for developing economies in climates
where
plant wastes are a major headache, such as India. Would be of great benefit to
large cities like New York that produce enough municipal waste to fire a
nickel smelter in Labrador year round.

Gasifiers will do for energy production what PC's did for computers as opposed
to mainframes.

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Wed Jul 1 12:38:41 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: How earth friendly is gasification?
Message-ID: <199807011247_MC2-51E7-2AF6@compuserve.com>

Any solid waste combustor will do the same thing.

Our combustor, the two-stage Heuristic EnvirOcycler, splits the combustion
process up into a first stage of updraft gasification followed by a second
stage of cyclonic combustion of first stage producer gas.

Malcolm Lefcort

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Wed Jul 1 13:06:34 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <199807011314_MC2-51EA-923B@compuserve.com>

>From: "skip goebel" <146942@classic.msn.com>

Dear Skip:

We are interested in trying your steam ejector for our small stoves.
However:

1) Why 12 feet of tubing? How many lb of steam does that make per hour?

2) You can buy tiny nozzles from the Coleman stove people - easier than
drilling #60 or # 80 holes.

Comments?

your pal, TOM
REED

hey, why dont u try what the steam folks do......
steam ejectors.
i have made small ones for steam atomizing oil burners in small sizes by
doing
the following:
1. take 12' of 1/4" id copper tubing and coil it inside the combustion
chamber.....
2. use a auto type fuel pump (12vdc), the wobro type is best and only
produces
about 4psi.
3. using a needle valve to admit only a very small amount of water, pump
water
into the coil and allow it to flash into steam.....if you can see the
steam,
it is not steam but vapor and lean it further......you want superheated
steam.
4. braze a divergent type nozzle to the end of the copper tube, drill a #60

hole into the entrance and have a 1/4'' exit (cone shape nozzle)
5. place the nozzle into the exhaust stack of your burner if you want to
educt
the gasses, or if the conditions are right, you can push the incomming air
into the fire and if conditions are real good, the steam will catalize with

the esters and co, but..........it is safer to educt and have a neg. air
pressure
6. make sure that your water is filtered as things clog real easy. a
gallon
will last about two hours in this type of system, but it sure is reliable
and
the water pump uses a small amount of juice, plus, works against the
developing back pressure to maintain steady flow.

try it!
or go to a steam show in your area and see how everybody else does it with
steam.
note: if your oxidation is too rapid in your coal bed from the increased
draft... a little egr will keep the temp down.

good day
skip goebel, sensible steam

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Wed Jul 1 13:07:31 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Benz-(a)-Pyrene in "tars"
Message-ID: <199807011315_MC2-51EA-9272@compuserve.com>

Dear Salimol, Kookpman, Stovers, gasifiers et al:

Here is information relative to carcinogenicity in woodsmoke and pyrolysis
products.

Benz-(a)-pyrene is a potent carcinogen, found in chimney deposits etc.
First alert, chimney sweeps in London, c 1850, cancer of the scrotum.

Low temperature, primary, pyrolysis (<600C) does not provide ANY BAP.
Higher temperatures cause a reforming of the primary products to
polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including BAP. Probably the higher the
temperature the higher the fraction of BAP.

So the tars from downdraft gasifiers should be handled with care and maybe
gloves. On the other hand : ) I have been working with these tars for 15
years, not too carefully, and no lesions so far.

Much of this information comes from the careful molecular beam mass
spectrometer research activities of Tom Milne, Bob Evans et al at the
National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL over the last 15 years. They are
writing a survey on "tars" that should be out in 6-12 months.

I hope that Salimol will clearly distinguish sources of "tar" in his
thesis, or it will misguide more than guide.

Your nanny, TOM
REED
~~~~~

>Dear Stovers and Salimol,

We have provided some limited financial support to Ramir L. Jarabis, a
student from the Asian Institute of Technology, to do work on
"Determination
of Benzo-(a)-Pyrene from Household Woodfuel Combustion: A case study in
Cebu
City, Philippines" (the tile of his proposed thesis for his Master of
Engineering). This should be available from the Asian Institute of
Technology, School of Environment Resources and Development, P.O. Box 4,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, Fax +66-2-5162126. We probably
have also a copy of the thesis and in case you have problems contacting AIT
we may be able to help.

Regards,
Auke Koopmans Tel.
+66-2-280 2760
<

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Wed Jul 1 13:07:51 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification of Solid Wastes
Message-ID: <199807011316_MC2-51EA-927E@compuserve.com>

Dear Sirs:

Please tell me how to get a copy of your report "The Market for Pyrolysis &
Gasification of Solid Waste: A Technical & Business Review" and the cost.

I am enclosing a list of the gasification books we carry, in case you are
interested. Maybe you would like yours on the list when you get tired of
publishing it.

Yours truly, TOM REED,
President, BEF.

~~~~
BOOK LIST

BIOMASS ENERGY FOUNDATION PRESS & ORDER BLANK
No. Cost

BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS HANDBOOK: T. Reed and A. Das,
(SERI-1988).
ISBN 1-890607-00-2 140pp $25.00 ___ _____

GENGAS: THE SWEDISH CLASSIC ON WOOD FUELED VEHICLES: English translation,
(SERI-1979; DAS 1982) edited T.Reed, D. Jantzen and A. Das, with index.
This is the "Old Testament" of gasification, written by the people involved
in successfully converting 90% of transportation of WW II Sweden to wood
gasifiers.
ISBN 1-890607-01-0 340pp. $30.00 ___ _____

PRODUCER-GAS: ANOTHER FUEL FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT: Ed. Noel Vietmeyer (The
U.S. National Academy of Sciences-1985) A seeing-is-believing primer with
historical and modern pictures of gasifiers. An out-standing text for any
introductory program. ISBN 1-890607-02-9 80pp $10.00 ___ _____

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY AND SCALEUP OF THE AIR-OXYGEN STRATIFIED DOWNDRAFT
GASIFIER: T. Reed, M. Graboski and B. Levie (SERI 1988).Operation of a 1 to
25 ton/day system for power and syn-gas..
ISBN 1-890607-03-7 290pp $30.00 ___ _____

CONTAMINANT TESTING FOR GASIFIER ENGINE SYSTEMS: A. Das (1989). Test that
gas!
ISBN 1-890607-04-5 32pp $10.00 ___ _____

TREE CROPS FOR ENERGY CO-PRODUCTION ON FARMS: Tom Milne (SERI) Trees to
grow for energy.
ISBN 1-890607-05-3 260 pp $25.00 ___ _____

SMALL SCALE GAS PRODUCER-ENGINE SYSTEMS: by A. Kaupp and J. Goss. (1984)
Updates GENGAS and contains engineering data indispensable for the serious
gasifier projects.
ISBN 1-890607-06-1 278pp $30.00 ___ _____

GASIFICATION OF RICE HULLS: THEORY AND PRAXIS: A. Kaupp. Applies
gasification to rice hulls and other agricultural residues. ISBN
1-890607-07-X 303pp $30.00 ___ _____

WOOD GAS GENERATORS FOR VEHICLES: Nils Nygards (1973). Translation of
recent results of Swedish Agricultural Testing Institute. ISBN
1-890607-08-8 50 pp. $4.00 ___ _____

THE PEGASUS UNIT: THE LOST ART OF DRIVING WITHOUT GASOLINE: by Niels A.
Skov and Mark L. Papworth. Description and detailed drawings of various
gasifiers and systems from World War II.
ISBN 1-890607-09-6 80 pp $20.00 __ ______

BIOMASS TO METHANOL SPECIALISTS' WORKSHOP: Ed. T. B. Reed and M. Graboski.
Expert articles on biomass to methanol. ISBN 1-890607-10-X 331 pp
$30.00...___ _____

CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLIFIED WOOD GAS GENERATOR: H. LaFontaine (1989) -
Over 25 drawings and photographs on building a gasifier for fueling IC
engines in a Petroleum Emergency (FEMA RR28).
ISBN 1-890607-11-8 68pp $15.00 ___ _____

TREES: by Jean Giono, 1953. A delightful story which says more than any
lecture on the need for reforestation.
ISBN 1-89060712-6 8 pp $1.00 ___ _____

EVALUATION OF GASIFICATION AND NOVEL THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE - W. Niessen et al. 1996 NREL report by Camp Dresser
and McKee on MSW conversion processes198 pp.$25.00

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>

ORDER BLANK
BOOK TOTAL
...........................................................................
...............................No. ___ _______
10% discount to booksellers and orders of 3 or more books = _________
BOOK TOTAL.____________
Add $3 handling/order + $1.50/book postage (in US & Can) $_________= ______
TOTAL ENCLOSED__________
SHIP TO:
Name______________________________________________________________________
Address____________________________________________________________________
________
Foreign orders - $9/book air mail; $6/book regular

E-mail order to reedtb@Compuserve.com or Mail orders to The Biomass Energy
Foundation Press (BEFP), 1810 Smith Rd., Golden, CO 80401; FAX 303-278
0560;call 303 278 0558;. We'll send invoice with books. Pay by postal
order or check on US Banks. (No foreign checks - can cost $25 to clear!)

Thanks for your order, Tom Reed
~~~~

>Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd, a UK based business consultancy has
published a major report entitled:

"The Market for Pyrolysis & Gasification of Solid Waste: A Technical &
Business Review"

The report covers 22 technologies in around 200 pages with 174 figures and
tables and includes an assessment of the market potential for such
technologies in Europe.

More information can be obtained directly from Juniper:

Telephone: +44 1453 860750
Telefax: +44 1453 860882
Email: ask@juniper.co.uk
Website: http:\www.juniper.co.uk\pyroflyr.htm

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Wed Jul 1 15:39:38 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199807011947280080@classic.msn.com>

Dear Skip:

We are interested in trying your steam ejector for our small stoves.
However:

1) Why 12 feet of tubing? How many lb of steam does that make per hour?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
that may be an overkill. i have got severe discoloration at the end of the
line which means temps of 600 + in the steam

2) You can buy tiny nozzles from the Coleman stove people - easier than
drilling #60 or # 80 holes.
>>>>>>>>>>.
if it works, go for it!

3) Your divergent nozzle to 1/4" is much too expanded and results in a loss
of most of your power. It is easy to get to sonic velocity of steam with a
cylindrical nozzle; a slight divergence of 8 degrees for a distance of 2
diameters will get you to Mach 2. Hard to get more than that, because the
steam cools and condenses.
>>>>>>>>.
sounds good on paper but in real life, go at least 6 diameters or more.
remember that we are dealing with a lot of superheat here. 1/4" may be tooo
much but then, making this stuff is a different story. i used a brass 1/8''
pipe plug, and made a pointed die that had the same taper as a morse taper and
pounded it into the hole from the exit end. you can tell if you dont have
enough taper if the steam rolls out from the edge of the nozzle, and
conversely if you cant see it touching on the outer rim at exit, then you have
too much taper.
the most important thing to remember here is that we are working with
something simple here. no need to re-engineer the wheel! if the energy is
free, then what does efficiency matter? reliablility and practicality are
what is REALLY important.
try this the way i set it up and improve upon it if you wish....i am sure
there is room for that!
remember, on paper, the bumble bee isn't supposed to fly.......but dont tell
em that....
.....and as i said, 2 gallons lasted an hour, but i dont think you will use
1/2 that if run on a steady basis. in fact, i wouldnt be surprised if you had
the water set 6 feet above the nozzle that you wouldnt need the pump!
i am sure that more pressure=more velocity=more burn etc... but dont you guys
try to do this stuff gently?

good day
skip goebel
sensible steam consultants
www.geocities.com/researchtriangle/6362
.........contact us when the free money is gone
Comments?

your pal,

From MilneT at tcplink.nrel.gov Wed Jul 1 15:45:22 1998
From: MilneT at tcplink.nrel.gov (Milne, Thomas)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and Power
Message-ID: <199807011945.PAA18916@solstice.crest.org>

We got our copy through the library. Presumably they ordered direct
from:

The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Wash. DC ;20433.

e-mail: books@worldbank.0rg

Tom Milne, NREL.

______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: GAS-L: Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and Power Repo
Author: Stephen Schuck [SMTP:Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com] at SMTP
Date: 6/26/98 12:44 AM

Dear list members,

Could anyone advise from where I can order the World Bank Technical Paper
Number 296, Energy Series, Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and
Power; A Global Review, by Hubert E Stassen?

Steve Schuck
Australian Biomass Taskforce Manager

email: Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com

Web: www.users.bigpond.com/steve.schuck/ABT
7 Grassmere Road
Killara NSW 2071
Australia
Phone/fax: 61+2+9416-9246

From oporras at zeus.uniandes.edu.co Wed Jul 1 17:29:03 1998
From: oporras at zeus.uniandes.edu.co (Orlando Porras)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: heating value of coffee husk
Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.19980701163920.29cf24a0@zeus.uniandes.edu.co>

Sirs:

I´m studying the feasibility of produce mechanical or electrical power from
coffee husk to save money in a coffee mill.

Does any one know the typical heating values of coffee husks?

Thank you.

- Orlando

Orlando Porras
Profesor
Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica
Universidad de Los Andes
Cra. 1 # 18A-10 Ofic. W464
Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia.
Tel: (571)2849911 Ext.2908
Fax: (571)3364929
e-mail: oporras@zeus.uniandes.edu.co

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Wed Jul 1 21:39:59 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: heating value of coffee husk
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199807020148110485@classic.msn.com>

i can give you electricity from steam for around $1/watt.
25kw is the easy stuff, larger systems are cheaper but will take time to
assemble.
as far as the heat value, does the husk have oil in it?
if not, i would guess 4000 to 6000 btu's per pound, with a lot of ash.
if it does have oil, it may top 10,000 btu's per pound.
either way, consuming 500 pounds per hour would be a simple and feasable task.
plus, with steam, you would have a large amount of controllable and useable
heat to work with in your food processing.

thanks
skip goebel
sensible steam consultants
152 von goebels lane
branson, mo 65616 417 336 2869 fax is same by appointment.
146942@msn.com www.geocities.com/researchtriangle/6362

From tmiles at teleport.com Fri Jul 3 14:29:16 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: SPONSORS NEEDED FOR BIOENERGY LISTS
Message-ID: <199807031838.LAA13012@mail.easystreet.com>

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From antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br Fri Jul 3 20:01:19 1998
From: antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br (Antonio G. P. Hilst)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: heating value of coffee husk
In-Reply-To: <3.0.1.16.19980701163920.29cf24a0@zeus.uniandes.edu.co>
Message-ID: <359C1A6B.18E6@merconet.com.br>

Orlando Porras wrote:
>
> Sirs:
>
> I´m studying the feasibility of produce mechanical or electrical power from
> coffee husk to save money in a coffee mill.
>
> Does any one know the typical heating values of coffee husks?
>
> Thank you.
>
> - Orlando
>
> Orlando Porras
> Profesor
> Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica
> Universidad de Los Andes
> Cra. 1 # 18A-10 Ofic. W464
> Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia.
> Tel: (571)2849911 Ext.2908
> Fax: (571)3364929
> e-mail: oporras@zeus.uniandes.edu.co
Dear Orlando,
The easiest way to have a reliable figure is to run an heating value
test in a Parr reactor. This is a fairly basic assay in every chemical
engineering school and most certainlly you'll find some lab to run it
for you in your country.
Antonio.

From vikash at hotmail.com Sat Jul 4 13:19:41 1998
From: vikash at hotmail.com (Vikash Agarwal)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: RE:Bagasse - Recuperator
Message-ID: <199807041719.NAA12555@solstice.crest.org>

This is regarding the problem of = recuperator fouling during Bagasse
firing.

We are a Recuperator Manufacturer in = India, and have done a lot of
work on
Recuperators with a lot of Dust like in Coal = and Lignite fired furnaces,
and also for Waste glass melting, Ceramic colors = etc., where the dust
contenet is very high.

We would be interested to know more = about this. Please send us the
details at :

VIKAS AGRAWAL,
EASTERN EQUIPMENT & = ENGINEERS,
7 B, K. S. ROY ROAD,
CALCUTTA - 700 001, = INDIA.

FAX : +91 - 33 - = 248.7130.
TEL : +91-33-243.0468 / = 0469.

E-mail : vikasagrawal@hotmail.com

WILL LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING ON THIS = AT THE EARLIEST.

REGARDS,

VIKAS.

From K.K.Prasad at phys.tue.nl Mon Jul 6 09:00:12 1998
From: K.K.Prasad at phys.tue.nl (K. K. Prasad)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: heating value of coffee husk
Message-ID: <199807061309.PAA24186@silicon.tue.nl>

Dear Orlando Porras

The typical heating value (gross) of black coffee husks in briquetted
form is 18.6 MJ/kg according to the following reference:
C.E.Krist-Spit and G.Wntink, 1985. "Suitability tests of briquettes
from Ethiopian agricultural residues". TNO report 85 - 010114, The
Hague.

Regards, Prasad

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Jul 6 09:50:50 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Preoccupation with Heating values
Message-ID: <199807060959_MC2-5246-82D@compuserve.com>

Dear CRESTERS:

The exchange below illustrates the futility of looking for "the" heating
value of various biomass energy sources. We have had a number of
submissions on "the" value for peach pits, ranging from 18-23 kJ/g from
documented sources. What's wrong, who's right?

I could probably list a few dozen reasons for the variations, but inter-
and intra- variations in species, sample storage, errors in sampling,
errors in measurement, errors in reporting, high (US) vx low (Europe)
heating value confusion, all contribute.

So, I go back to my generalization that, ON A DRY, ASH FREE BASIS, most
biomass has a heating value of 18-20 kJ/g. If you really must know the
value for YOUR particular pile of biomass, have it measured, but make sure
to stir well and sample widely before you waste your $100.

And to get good perspective on heating values, check our new book, "Thermal
Data for Natural and Syntetic Fuels", (S. Gauar, T. Reed Marcel Dekker,
1988) where there are over 200 entries, both measured and calculated from
the ultimate analysis. (Also contains prox and ult analyses on all
entries) I am thinking of including this table on the next update of my
web page at www.webpan.com/bef.

Thanks to all those supplying information on this.

Comments?

Yours truly, TOM REED
~~~~~
Message text written by Jim Lindley
>
> Does anyone know the heating value of peach pits, or where I can find
that
> information?

Rodgers (1936) Agricultural Engineering 17(5):199-204 gave the value as
8,209 Btu/lb. Ebeling and Jenkins (1985) Transaction of the ASAE
28(3):898-902 gave the value as 20.82 MJ/kg (8960 Btu/lb)

> From: "eadc" <eadc@sfsu.edu>
> To: <bioenergy@crest.org>
> Subject: Heating value of peach pits
> Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 16:14:26 -0700

From dglickd at pipeline.com Mon Jul 6 11:11:33 1998
From: dglickd at pipeline.com (Dick Glick)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Preoccupation with Heating values
In-Reply-To: <199807060959_MC2-5246-82D@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <199807061511.LAA22147@solstice.crest.org>

Hello All --

Tom is on target -- but pardon my use of 'common' units:

Estimating biomass energy, on a low heat value, ash free basis, goes something
like this:

Cellulose, ~7000 BTU/lb
Lignin and protein, ~8500 BTU/lb
Oils, ~14,000 BTU/lb

Amost looks like 'kitchen' food values! If you know the relative values of
each, that is, figuring on this basis is probably as good a way as any.

Best, Dick

Thomas Reed wrote:

> Dear CRESTERS:
>
> The exchange below illustrates the futility of looking for "the" heating
> value of various biomass energy sources. We have had a number of
> submissions on "the" value for peach pits, ranging from 18-23 kJ/g from
> documented sources. What's wrong, who's right?
>
> I could probably list a few dozen reasons for the variations, but inter-
> and intra- variations in species, sample storage, errors in sampling,
> errors in measurement, errors in reporting, high (US) vx low (Europe)
> heating value confusion, all contribute.
>
> So, I go back to my generalization that, ON A DRY, ASH FREE BASIS, most
> biomass has a heating value of 18-20 kJ/g. If you really must know the
> value for YOUR particular pile of biomass, have it measured, but make sure
> to stir well and sample widely before you waste your $100.
>
> And to get good perspective on heating values, check our new book, "Thermal
> Data for Natural and Syntetic Fuels", (S. Gauar, T. Reed Marcel Dekker,
> 1988) where there are over 200 entries, both measured and calculated from
> the ultimate analysis. (Also contains prox and ult analyses on all
> entries) I am thinking of including this table on the next update of my
> web page at www.webpan.com/bef.
>
> Thanks to all those supplying information on this.
>
> Comments?
>
> Yours truly, TOM REED
> ~~~~~
> Message text written by Jim Lindley
> >
> > Does anyone know the heating value of peach pits, or where I can find
> that
> > information?
>
> Rodgers (1936) Agricultural Engineering 17(5):199-204 gave the value as
> 8,209 Btu/lb. Ebeling and Jenkins (1985) Transaction of the ASAE

> 28(3):898-902 gave the value as 20.82 MJ/kg (8960 Btu/lb)
>
> > From: "eadc" <eadc@sfsu.edu>
> > To: <bioenergy@crest.org>
> > Subject: Heating value of peach pits
> > Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 16:14:26 -0700
>
> <
>
>
> Bioenergy List SPONSORS and ARCHIVES:
> http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/bioenergy-list-archive/

From burld at nb.net Mon Jul 6 11:11:34 1998
From: burld at nb.net (Burl Davis)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Tire Pyrolysis Products.
Message-ID: <199807061511.LAA22163@solstice.crest.org>

Activated carbon is an entirely different beast than that generated
from tire pyrolysis. However, the char produced from tires pyrolysis
has a significant potential market as a substitute for carbon black
as a pigment in many products.

From akousk at ypes.gr Mon Jul 6 13:26:59 1998
From: akousk at ypes.gr (Andrew Kouskouris)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Converting RDF into Gasification
Message-ID: <01bda904$2fd39280$2d4bdbc2@totalquality>

I am looking for a list for gasification
manufacturers or contractors in Europe or USA specialized in converting
mynicipal waste RDF into gasification.
I would be gratefull if you could send me any
information about.

<FONT color=#000000
size=2>
Andrew Kouskouris

<FONT color=#000000
size=2>
Waste Management

E-mail: <A
href="mailto:akousk@ypes.gr">akousk@ypes.gr

From undare at hotmail.com Mon Jul 6 14:18:40 1998
From: undare at hotmail.com (Katja Hipper)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: financing of biomass gasification projects in developing countries
Message-ID: <19980706182716.11085.qmail@hotmail.com>

Hello, I am an intern at the United Nations - Sustainable
Development,Energy and Transport Branch. I am looking for information
about FINANCING projects of BIOMASS GASIFICATION in DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES. I would also appreciate references to other sources of
information on this topic.

undare@hotmail.com

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

From Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com Tue Jul 7 19:04:44 1998
From: Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com (Stephen Schuck)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Converting RDF into Gasification
Message-ID: <23123133178947@domain2.bigpond.com>

You may be interested in 200 page report "Pyrolysis and Gasification
Technologies in Europe" publicised at URL
http://www.juniper.co.uk/pyroflyr.htm. Cost 750 British Pounds.

Steve Schuck
Australian Biomass Taskforce.

----------
From: Andrew Kouskouris <akousk@ypes.gr>
To: gasification@crest.org
Subject: GAS-L: Converting RDF into Gasification
Date: Tuesday, 7 July 1998 03:33

Andrew Kouskouris

Waste Management

E-mail: akousk@ypes.gr

From ges at iies.es Wed Jul 8 09:22:14 1998
From: ges at iies.es (BESEL)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasifiers manufacturers
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980708153425.006a5124@mailhost.iies.es>

Dear all,
I'm searching for manufacturers or suppliers of gasifiers (any class), for
wood waste (logs, branches, of pine), producing gas in the range from 100kW
to 500kW.
The product would be used in an IC engine for electricity production.
Turn key suppliers are also welcome.
The project is going to be erected in the north of Spain.
Regards,
Guillermo J. Escobar
Address: Ríos Rosas, 32
E-28003-Madrid
SPAIN
Telephone +34914516910
Mobile +34929219920
Facsimile +34914429309
e-mail: ges@iies.es

From mayedo at ket.kth.se Wed Jul 8 10:03:05 1998
From: mayedo at ket.kth.se (Aramis Domingo Mayedo)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Converting RDF into Gasification
In-Reply-To: <23123133178947@domain2.bigpond.com>
Message-ID: <35A37E00.60EADBEC@ket.kth.se>

I interested also, so send me some information about that,
Regards,
Aramis

Stephen Schuck wrote:

> You may be interested in 200 page report "Pyrolysis and Gasification
> Technologies in Europe" publicised at URL
> http://www.juniper.co.uk/pyroflyr.htm. Cost 750 British Pounds.
>
> Steve Schuck
> Australian Biomass Taskforce.
>
> ----------
> From: Andrew Kouskouris <akousk@ypes.gr>
> To: gasification@crest.org
> Subject: GAS-L: Converting RDF into Gasification
> Date: Tuesday, 7 July 1998 03:33
>
> I am looking for a list for gasification manufacturers or contractors in
> Europe or USA specialized in converting mynicipal waste RDF into
> gasification.
> I would be gratefull if you could send me any information about.
>
> Andrew Kouskouris
>
> Waste Management
>
> E-mail: akousk@ypes.gr

From a-mskowr at microsoft.com Wed Jul 1 10:06:46 1998
From: a-mskowr at microsoft.com (Michael Skowronski (Comforce/RhoTech))
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: How earth friendly is gasification?
Message-ID: <3FF8121C9B6DD111812100805F31FC0D032D905F@red-msg-59.dns.microsoft.com>

I am relatively new (3 months) to studying self-sustaining farming and
renewable energy sources. I don't fully understand gasification, but it has
been explained to me a couple of times.

How earth friendly is gasification? What are the resulting emissions from
burning and producing it?

What is left in terms of solids? I am assuming just ash, and with that
assumption begs the question is this the best use of biomass? With the
earth loosing an incredible amount of top soil daily, and it would seem to
me that every bit of surplus biomass would be needed for composting to help
replenish the soil. If power were needed to be produced, first process it
with anaerobic digestion to produce methane, then separate the liquid and
solids to compost/worm it to produce a soil enhancing product.

Given my limited understanding of all of these processes it seems to me that
this would be the most earth friendly way to go. Am I missing something?

Thanks,
Michael Skowronski

From bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es Thu Jul 9 03:17:51 1998
From: bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es (Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasifiers manufacturers
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980709072931.006ffef4@posta.unizar.es>

Sr. Escobar,

En primer lugar permítame presentarme. Soy Profesor Titular de la U. de
Zaragoza, en el Dep. de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente.
Formo parte de un equipo de investigación que viene trabajando en
gasificación de biomasa desde hace unos 15 años, este equipo está liderado
por el Prof. Bilbao, en este mismo Departamento.

Mas concretamente, mi actividad se ha centrado desde el inicio del doctorado
en el desarrollo del proceso de gasificación con aire en reactor de lecho
movil en corrientes descendentes. En este campo hemos construido varias
instalaciones, algunas de ellas operativas en la actualidad, y de las
capacidades que usted cita. En concreto, están disponibles un gasificador de
35 kWe y otro de 300kWe.

Me gustaría responderle a cualquier cuestión que desee plantearme en
relación con este tema, pues creo que podríamos colaborar en su proyecto. He
intentado ponerme en contacto con usted telefónicamente, pero ha resultado
imposible. He dejado mi número de teléfono en su oficina, y en todo caso al
pie de este mensaje encontrará mi dirección completa.

Por favor, no dude en contactar conmigo. Espero su llamada. En un futuro no
muy lejano (1-2 semanas) parto hacia el Reino Unido, en donde tenemos uno de
nuestros gasificadores operando (el que por supuesto está invitado a visitar
desde ahora).

Un saludo.

***************************************************************
At 03:34 PM 8/07/98 +0200, you wrote:
>Dear all,
>I'm searching for manufacturers or suppliers of gasifiers (any class), for
>wood waste (logs, branches, of pine), producing gas in the range from 100kW
>to 500kW.
>The product would be used in an IC engine for electricity production.
>Turn key suppliers are also welcome.
>The project is going to be erected in the north of Spain.
>Regards,
>Guillermo J. Escobar
>Address: Ríos Rosas, 32
> E-28003-Madrid
> SPAIN
>Telephone +34914516910
>Mobile +34929219920
>Facsimile +34914429309
>e-mail: ges@iies.es
>
>
********************************************************
Pedro
*********************************************************
Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente
(Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering)
Centro Politécnico Superior
María de Luna, 3. 50015-Zaragoza (Spain)
ph: +34-976761880
fax: +34-976761861
e-mail: bacaicoa@posta.unizar.es

From bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es Thu Jul 9 03:25:57 1998
From: bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es (Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: sorry
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980709073747.006f1250@posta.unizar.es>

Dear all,

Sorry for my last message. It is a mistake (it is in Spanish). I was
responding to a message from a Spanish lister and response has been sent to
the list.

Sorry again.

Best regards.

Pedro
*********************************************************
Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente
(Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering)
Centro Politécnico Superior
María de Luna, 3. 50015-Zaragoza (Spain)
ph: +34-976761880
fax: +34-976761861
e-mail: bacaicoa@posta.unizar.es

From bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es Thu Jul 9 03:34:11 1998
From: bacaicoa at posta.unizar.es (Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: sorry
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980709074604.0070f244@posta.unizar.es>

Dear all,

Sorry for my last message. It is a mistake (it is in Spanish). I was
responding to a message from a Spanish lister and response has been sent to
the list.

Sorry again.

Best regards.

From jphillips at alumni.stanford.org Thu Jul 9 10:28:14 1998
From: jphillips at alumni.stanford.org (Jeffrey N. Phillips)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: sorry
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19980709073747.006f1250@posta.unizar.es>
Message-ID: <000101bdab47$0dd78de0$aa04efd0@jnphatch.gis.net>

Pedro,

No excuses necessary. Variety is the spice of life. We native English
speakers should periodically thank all the rest of you for going to the
effort of participating in this forum in English. The international reach
of this list is what makes it so interesting.

Jeff Phillips
Fern Engineering, Inc.
P.O. Box 3380 / 55 Portside Drive
Pocasset, MA 02559
USA
1-508-563-7181 (phone) 1-508-564-4851 (fax)
www.capecod.net/ferneng

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-gasification@crest.org [mailto:owner-gasification@crest.org] On
Behalf Of Pedro Garcia Bacaicoa
Sent: Thursday, July 09, 1998 3:38 AM
To: gasification@crest.org
Subject: GAS-L: sorry

Dear all,

Sorry for my last message. It is a mistake (it is in Spanish). I was
responding to a message from a Spanish lister and response has been sent to
the list.

Sorry again.

Best regards.

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Thu Jul 16 10:21:31 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Rules of thumb
Message-ID: <199807161030_MC2-534D-311A@compuserve.com>

Dear Bill and all:

Bill MacTaggart asked about estimating gas and energy production from
biomass.

As a good rule of thumb

The energy content of typical biomass is 18 MJ/kg (8,000 Btu/lb)
Gasification of 1 kg of biomass makes 3 m3 of gas
The energy in 1 kg of biomass can generate 5 kWh(thermal) or 1 kWh of
electric power (20% eff)
1 m3 of gas weighs 1 kg

Hope this helps -

TOM REED

From tmiles at teleport.com Thu Jul 16 18:46:18 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Home to be powered by wood-pellet-fueled gasifier for 18 months
In-Reply-To: <9807162241.AA06835@dwr06.idwr.state.id.us>
Message-ID: <199807162255.PAA03244@mail.easystreet.com>

Thanks Gerry.

We haven't seen a monitored demonstration project like this for some time.
It's nice to know that Fred Beierle is still at it. I wonder if his pellet
fired down-draft gasifier has changed much since Don Chittick used it to
run engines and to drive across the country in the 1970s. (We choked it up
with straw cubes one time.)

Regards,

Tom

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Sun Jul 19 17:23:13 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: FW: Renewables at WEC
Message-ID: <199807192137.JAA03546@powerlink.co.nz>

Tom, Dick and Harry et al . . .

When I read your contributions this morning the motivation to comment
became stronger than my desire to plod down the farm and prune my poor
neglected Lime orchard.

Since 1976 I have personally been involved with a research development
manufacture and market development of gasifiers for engine powered
electricity production. Along the way I have accumulated "a little bit of
knowledge" spoken to Presidents and Prime Ministers, Ministers of Energy,
key Ministers of State and possibly a few hundred thousand really committed
people pledging support for renewable energies and biomass in particular.
I have lost count of how many times I have picked up touring academics from
the airport and spent days assisting them with their studies and surveys.

We have attended numerous conferences, mounted working displays at trade
exhibitions, been listed on untold numbers of renewable directories,
responded to consultants "latest" government resource papers etc. In fact
its hard not to believe our company hasn't financed the whole pseudo
activity that has developed around the technology we have endeavoured to
implement.

In order to keep the checks and balances in order mentally I can walk under
mill timber, cut firewood and enjoy the protection of eucalyptus and pine
plantations planted by ourselves. We are also custodians of a small block
of native bush with trees and plants you can find fossils of dating back 80
million years. Indeed biomass can be sustainable but unfortunately people
and money are not.

We closed our workshop dedicated to biomass gasification at the end of June
and Fluidyne becomes just an office full of files of other peoples
unfulfilled dreams. Unfortunately the cost of providing answers to these
dreams has to come from somewhere and Fluidyne has always financed its own
activities not having access to the public purse. You might suggest we
should have developed the gasification processes for RDF and other abundant
biomass wastes which others so flippantly discuss on this network.
Fluidyne has always had parallel R and D for these fuels with one critical
requirement in mind, that of a tar free gas. It is possible and you can
quote me with making that statement. Having said that no doubt the well
informed will add me to the list of purveyors of snake oil when I ask you
to put up your money to make it happen!

Our closure is no admission on my part that we failed to meet our
objectives on our part as a manufacturer, or that our market assessments
were incorrect. The rural world is still without electricity and the cost
of fossil fuel or distance to transport it will continue to be an inhibitor
for power generation in those places. Like everything it is 'horses for
courses' but there are exceptions for every rule in the book - except your
bank book.

So my friends if dedication, enthusiasm, environmental concerns, knowledge,
market surveys, international market opportunities are part of your
vocabulary . . . make sure you pay for these ideals from your own pocket.
It is a good measure for yourself to evaluate if you have it right, and
protection for others if you have not. None of us have the right to
ridicule the aspirations of others, but we do have a responsibility to
identify the snake oil when our experiences tell us that it should exist.

Signing off . . . still dedicated, but for my own good . . .

DOUG WILLIAMS
Fluidyne Gasification (now closed)

From PowerEnergyFuels at email.msn.com Sun Jul 19 20:48:14 1998
From: PowerEnergyFuels at email.msn.com (Power Energy Fuels, Inc.)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: RE: We too have a dream,
In-Reply-To: <199807192137.JAA03546@powerlink.co.nz>
Message-ID: <000001bdb36e$c7c20e40$ab6eb30a@workstation>

Dear Doug Williams,

As Dr. Reed and others know we too have a dream of converting biomass
material into a useful product called Ecalene. Ecalene is a trade named
product that is a mixed alcohol that can be made from syn gas preferably on
a 1 to 1 basis of CO to H. That seems to be ideal for most gasifiers. We
too have funded ourselves privately, of course we have applied for grants
but to no avail. We would like for you to keep your eyes on us as we are
going to do a pilot plant here in the Denver, Colorado area. First to
utilize our catalyst to make the alcohol from syn gas from a steam reformer
and then ship the unit to Tulsa, Oklahoma to hook it up to a gasifier built
and operated by Primenergy, Inc. We at Power Energy Fuels, Inc. web site

www.powerenergy.com or e-mail PowerEnergyFuels@msn.com would like to have
more participantants in the demonstration plant and would still welcome them
even though it looks like we are funded. But until you have cash in hand it
is not done.

Our assessment of making a liquid fuel source rather than electricity as the
main goal is hopefully the right one. Doug as you indicated most of the
rural world is still without electricity but can they afford it? We think
we are on the right track and would welcome anyone else who thinks so. I
have been working on this project for over 19 years now. I am sure I don
not have all of the answers, but we feel that we have most of them. As Dr.
Tom Reed has said "the proof will be in the catalyst". Keep your eyes on
us -- we also would welcome any comments. Thank you.

Gene Jackson www.powerenergy.com - our web site is underconstruction but
you can still enter it my clicking on management. We will have the new site
up in the next two to three months.

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Jul 20 18:55:16 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Home to be powered by wood-pellet-fueled gasifier for 18 months
Message-ID: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F61@compuserve.com>

Dear Tom:

Glad to be reminded that you remember Chittick and Beirle better than I do.
Clearly you wore your anti-conversion ring.

I believe that Chittick stumbled onto a method for making clean gas, but
I'm not sure whether Fred understands it or uses it. Any technical shards
in your good memory??

Your netpal, TOM REED

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Jul 20 18:55:35 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Kaowool
Message-ID: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F6A@compuserve.com>

Dear Gasification Group:

I recommend using insulation in many gasifier applications. The question
below is germane. Any other answers to Christian Johanson?

TOM REED
~~~~~

Dear Christian:

I have never heard that Kaowool (and other mullite-type fiber insulations)
are carcinogenic. I just looked in a Fiberfrax (same stuff?) catalogue and
no mention made there of handling carefully. I'll ask around.

However, when I work with it I get a short term cough. I would recommend
wearing a dust mask.

I'd be interested in what you hear. I'll post your question to CREST.

Yours truly, TOM REED
~~~~~

I´d like to ask a question about Kaowool.
Is it any safty regulations when we use it??
I have heard that Kaowool is cancerogenic when it has been heated up to
1200 ºC.

Christian Johansen

krall@acc.umu.se

From tmiles at teleport.com Mon Jul 20 20:01:00 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Home to be powered by wood-pellet-fueled gasifier for 18 months
In-Reply-To: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F61@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <Version.32.19980720170519.00f61870@mail.teleport.com>

At 07:03 PM 7/20/98 -0400, Thomas Reed wrote:
>I believe that Chittick stumbled onto a method for making clean gas, but
>I'm not sure whether Fred understands it or uses it. Any technical shards
>in your good memory??
>
>Your netpal, TOM REED

As nearly as we could tell the "magic" in the Pyrenco (as it was then
called) gasifier was not from passing the gas over a universal catalyst, as
they claimed (the inventor was a "creationist"), but fuel preparation:
pelletized wood fuel in a downdraft gasifier makes a pretty clean gas.

When we contaminated the fuel by using straw cubes the gas turned purple,
blue and eventually choked the gas cleaning system.

Tom

From tmiles at teleport.com Mon Jul 20 20:15:17 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Kaowool
In-Reply-To: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F6A@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <Version.32.19980720172347.00f46180@mail.teleport.com>

Contact the manufacturer. Kaowool was developed by Babcock and Wilcox. It
is now made by Thermal Ceramics 800-796-4326 Call Toll Free 1-800-329-7444
for automated product information and sales office locations or FAX
1-800-KAOWOOL or write to:
Thermal Ceramics, P.O. Box 923, Dept. 140, Augusta,
GA 30903.

WWW: http://www.thomasregister.com/olc/thermalceramics/kao.htm

Tom Miles

At 07:04 PM 7/20/98 -0400, Thomas Reed wrote:
>Dear Gasification Group:
>
>I recommend using insulation in many gasifier applications. The question
>below is germane. Any other answers to Christian Johanson?
>
>TOM REED
> ~~~~~
>
>
>Dear Christian:
>
>I have never heard that Kaowool (and other mullite-type fiber insulations)
>are carcinogenic. I just looked in a Fiberfrax (same stuff?) catalogue and
>no mention made there of handling carefully. I'll ask around.
>
>However, when I work with it I get a short term cough. I would recommend
>wearing a dust mask.
>
>I'd be interested in what you hear. I'll post your question to CREST.
>
>Yours truly, TOM REED
> ~~~~~
>
>I´d like to ask a question about Kaowool.
>Is it any safty regulations when we use it??
>I have heard that Kaowool is cancerogenic when it has been heated up to
>1200 ºC.
>
>Christian Johansen
>
>krall@acc.umu.se
>

From james at sri.org.au Tue Jul 21 02:13:20 1998
From: james at sri.org.au (James Joyce)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification Research Bible
Message-ID: <19980721162713james@jj_lap.sri.org.au>

Thomas and fellow readers,

I have just received my copy of Siddhartha Gaur and Thomas B. Reed's

Thermal Data for Natural and Synthetic fuels

Although I have barely had a chance to flip through the book, it is
clear that, for my research project on the gasification behaviour of
bagasse, that this book is going to be somewhat of a bible for biomass
pyrolysis / gasification research.

It has just about everything I need to get started, from
equipment and techniques to derive kinetic data from thermal analysis
(DTA and TGA), information which is surprisingly hard to locate;
through the fundamentals of biomass pyrolysis and gasification, to
practical results for an extensive range of biomasses, peat and coal,
and finally an excellent bibliography (full of very specific works
rather than general reviews).

Thomas mentioned the book on this list back in May, but it wasn't in
print then, which may have dissuaded some. For those who are interested
the details are at :

http://www.dekker.com/cgi-bin/webdbc/md/frrdetail.htx?d_cat_id=0070-8

The book cost me $255.50 Australian (probably less than 150 US$ to
those fortunate enough to have greenbacks)

James Joyce
Engineer
Sugar Research Institute
Mackay Australia

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Tue Jul 21 04:15:43 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: RE: We too have a dream
Message-ID: <199807210829.UAA25044@powerlink.co.nz>

Gene,

I wish you well with your definition of renewable energy and its ability to
make use of producer gas from diverse resources. Your application and
thinking is possibly appropriate given your location on mainland U.S.A.,
but I will spend a moment to provide a perspective based on personal
experience about rural electrification.

Many locations have quite healthy rural economies, but the standards of
living can be marginal due to the lack of refrigeration for medical
supplies and perishable food. In the case of the rural Pacific, living in
Paradise can be hell on earth if basic healthcare is unavailable. Some
places truly are coconut economies, and the broken water filled shells are
perfect breeding grounds for malarial mosquitoes. In a small village
situation, these shells are the gasifiable resource.

Last night our very tired old Hercules thundered over the hill as it took
off for Papua New Guinea. Maybe you have seen the destruction caused by
the triple tidal waves that wiped out the coastal villages of the Sepic
region in P.N.G. In this environment a scratch not dressed and covered
turns septic in one day. Death in P.N.G. can be very slow and painful, if
you live beyond the range of fossil fuel. Having been there, caught
malaria, and acquired a nasty leg infection myself, I can assure you that
my priorities were focussed on rural electrification.

I digress however and return to your priority of liquid fuels. I wrote an
article for the N.Z.Forest Industries magazine , November 1987, that trees
(biomass) could provide the molecular building blocks for products that
would have customers banging at your door. Lets hope it happens for you.

Regards.

Doug Williams.

From houmoller at DK-TEKNIK.DK Tue Jul 21 10:55:44 1998
From: houmoller at DK-TEKNIK.DK (houmoller@DK-TEKNIK.DK)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Kaowool
Message-ID: <TFSNPRTD@DK-TEKNIK.DK>

Hi list,

I have used Kaowoll on many occasions when insulating gasifiers and
gasifier components. It stands the heat and is relatively easy to form
(with a not too sharp machete). It can be taken on and off a few times
before wearing out. Recommended, but be sure to wear that mask! If the
temperatures are below, say, 600 degrees celsius, use mineral wool
instead.

I know that it is possible to buy Kaowool cement which can be made to the
form wanted. It is an advantage when parts need to be taken apart several
times. I heard years that VTT in Finland (Esa Kurkela) used this - might
be worth a try asking them.

Søren

***********************'**************************
Søren Houmøller, M. Sc., project manager
dk-TEKNIK Energy & Environment
http://www.dk-teknik.dk
See me at
http://www.sh.dk/~cbt/sh/

-----Original Message-----
From: REEDTB@compuserve.com [SMTP:MIME @INTERNET {REEDTB@compuserve.com}]
Sent: 21. juli 1998 01:16
To: krall@acc.umu.se; gasification@crest.org
Subject: GAS-L: Kaowool

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Dear Gasification Group:

I recommend using insulation in many gasifier applications. The question
below is germane. Any other answers to Christian Johanson?

TOM REED
~~~~~

Dear Christian:

I have never heard that Kaowool (and other mullite-type fiber
insulations)
are carcinogenic. I just looked in a Fiberfrax (same stuff?) catalogue
and
no mention made there of handling carefully. I'll ask around.

However, when I work with it I get a short term cough. I would recommend
wearing a dust mask.

I'd be interested in what you hear. I'll post your question to CREST.

Yours truly, TOM REED
~~~~~

I´d like to ask a question about Kaowool.
Is it any safty regulations when we use it??
I have heard that Kaowool is cancerogenic when it has been heated up to
1200 ºC.

Christian Johansen

krall@acc.umu.se

From arcate at email.msn.com Wed Jul 22 02:33:35 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site
Message-ID: <001701bdb53b$e7343c20$0100007f@localhost>

Hello Gasification Group Members:

Please have a look at my web site www.techtp.com
I recently added info re high-yield charcoal production and a new slide
show.

>From Invention to Innovation: includes technology,market and business.
I would appreciate comments and suggestions on all three concepts.

thank you,

Jim Arcate

From bentermm at convertech.co.nz Wed Jul 22 17:37:38 1998
From: bentermm at convertech.co.nz (Markus M Benter-Lynch)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site
Message-ID: <v01540b02b1dca5fc5b59@[202.37.189.31]>

Hi Jim,
had a quick look at your website and liked its systematic structure. I had
a closer look at Antal and Moks charcoal making research more than a year
ago. I thought the proposed batch process would be suitable for developing
countries because of its simplicity of operation and eqipment. What are
your plans in terms of taking it to a larger scale or making it a
continuous process?

Regards
Markus
---------

>Hello Gasification Group Members:
>
>Please have a look at my web site www.techtp.com
>I recently added info re high-yield charcoal production and a new slide
>show.
>
>
>From Invention to Innovation: includes technology,market and business.
>I would appreciate comments and suggestions on all three concepts.
>
>thank you,
>
>Jim Arcate

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Markus M Benter-Lynch
Energy and Process Engineer
Scott Convertech Ltd
PO Box 13 776
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.htm

From info at newbio.com Wed Jul 22 18:32:35 1998
From: info at newbio.com (NewBio, Inc.)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: anaerobic digesters
Message-ID: <17310280828607@turbonet.com>

I found a web site in which you were asking for information about anaerobic
digesters. Our company have developed a high rate anaerobic reactor. For
more information about it, please refer to our web site www.newbio.com If
you have any questions or concerns, please give us a call. Thanks.
Lyle Magnuson
Marketing Specialist

From BSCBris at b022.aone.net.au Wed Jul 22 18:32:38 1998
From: BSCBris at b022.aone.net.au (David B. Neuwen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
Message-ID: <199807222232.SAA13489@solstice.crest.org>

Dear Tom,
We have developed a gasifier that produces sufficient
syngas to fuel a 1 MWe recip. gas engine. We have a plant running in Saint
Gabriel, La. which serves as a commercial demonstration and training
facility. The approach that we have taken is to have 1 MWe (12 mmBtu's)
modules coupled with IC engines with each project having multiple
installations of 5 - 10 systems. We have jumped the gas cooing, cleaning,
tar formation etc...etc...hurdles that have plauged this industry for so
long as well as the issues of knock etc in prime movers such as IC engines.

We are currently building a number of "commercial" systems where we will
actually be selling energy to arms length third parties. These projects are
being undertaken on a build own operate basis where we are the financiers,
so I guess we are pretty confident that we are ready for market.

We have a plant in Louisiana, offices in Houston and Brisbane (Australia).

If you or any of the readers require further information, just ask.

David B. Neuwen
Brightstar Synfuels Company
Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3275 5555

From owner-gasification at crest.org Wed Jul 22 22:55:31 1998
From: owner-gasification at crest.org (by way of Tom Miles <tmiles@teleport.com>)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: BOUNCE gasification@crest.org: Non-member submission from [Gene Zebley <boilrmkr@surfsouth.com>]
Message-ID: <199807230255.WAA25726@solstice.crest.org>

--=====================_901170459==_.MR
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

From: Gene Zebley <boilrmkr@surfsouth.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: gasification@crest.org
Subject: Re: GAS-L: Kaowool
References: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F6A@compuserve.com>
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;=
boundary=3D"------------FA6BE805AE5A57DEC011507A"

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------FA6BE805AE5A57DEC011507A
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boundary=3D"------------3F101C124956BA2B0C98748E"

--------------3F101C124956BA2B0C98748E
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Diso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Dear Christian,

We have used 1000's of square feet of Kaowool over the past 30 years as a
gasketing material between boiler vessel and gasification/combustion=
systems.
These areas can reach temperatures of 14-1800 degrees F. No problems, so=
far.

ALWAYS use a respirator and proper clothing when handling fibrous insulating
materials. (Remember asbestos?) Kaowool irritates my skin (exactly like
fiberglass) when I'm not properly protected.

Best regards,
Gene Zebley
Hurst Boiler and Wedling Co., Inc.
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 MADE IN U.S.A.
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 [Image]

> I=B4d like to ask a question about Kaowool.
> Is it any safty regulations when we use it??
> I have heard that Kaowool is cancerogenic when it has been heated up to
> 1200 =BAC.
>
> Christian Johansen
>
> krall@acc.umu.se

--------------3F101C124956BA2B0C98748E
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Dear Christian,=20

We have used 1000's of square feet of Kaowool over the past 30 years as a
gasketing material between boiler vessel and gasification/combustion=
systems.

These areas can reach temperatures of 14-1800 degrees F. No problems, so=
far.=20

ALWAYS use a respirator and proper clothing when handling fibrous insulating
materials. (Remember asbestos?) Kaowool irritates my skin (exactly like
fiberglass) when I'm not properly protected.=20

Best regards,=20
Gene Zebley=20
Hurst Boiler and Wedling Co., Inc.=20
MADE IN U.S.A.
48542.jpg
=A0=20
=A0=20
>
> I=B4d like to ask a question about Kaowool.=20
> Is it any safty regulations when we use it??=20
> I have heard that Kaowool is cancerogenic when it has been heated up to=20
> 1200 =BAC.=20
>
> Christian Johansen=20
>
> krall@acc.umu.se

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--------------3F101C124956BA2B0C98748E--
--------------FA6BE805AE5A57DEC011507A
Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=3Dus-ascii; name=3D"vcard.vcf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Description: Card for Gene Zebley
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=3D"vcard.vcf" begin: vcard fn:=
Gene
Zebley n: Zebley;Gene adr: 21971 Hwy 319 South;;;Coolidge;GA;31738;USA
email;internet: boilrmkr@surfsouth.com title: Solid Fuel Boiler Sales=
(Export)
tel;work: (912)346-3545 ext. 139 tel;fax: (912)346-3874 tel;home:
(912)890-1296
x-mozilla-cpt: ;0 x-mozilla-html: FALSE version: 2.1 end: vcard
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--=====================_901170459==_.MR--

From greensue at hotmail.com Thu Jul 23 01:33:02 1998
From: greensue at hotmail.com (Susanne Machler)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
Message-ID: <19980723054154.5539.qmail@hotmail.com>

If you or any of the readers require further information, just ask.

David B. Neuwen
Brightstar Synfuels Company
Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3275 5555

I ask !!(herewith...)

Sue Maechler

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

From a-mskowr at microsoft.com Thu Jul 23 09:45:39 1998
From: a-mskowr at microsoft.com (Michael Skowronski (Comforce/RhoTech))
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification book recommendation needed
Message-ID: <3FF8121C9B6DD111812100805F31FC0D032D90C9@red-msg-59.dns.microsoft.com>

Please recommend a good gasification book. For me a good book would be one
that discusses, in as plain English as possible, the most basic fundamentals
of gasification. Things like:
* How it is done
* What kinds of materials can produce a fuel gas
* How to store the fuel gas
* How to use it for cooking, heating, powering a vehicle of generator
* Toxins in the gas
* Safety issues
I know there are a lot of very technical issues involved with gasification,
so it would be nice if they were mostly isolated in a section of their own.
I would like to be able to read and understand the book without falling
asleep, yet be able to tackle the more technical parts if I choose to go
that far with it.

Thanks,
Michael Skowronski

From arcate at email.msn.com Thu Jul 23 15:44:35 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:39 2004
Subject: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site
Message-ID: <005301bdb673$932c7320$0100007f@localhost>

To Gasification:

Thank you for your comments on my web site.

Markus M Benter-Lynch, Scott Convertech Ltd asked: What are your plans in
terms of taking it to a larger scale or making it a continuous process?

Michael Antal told me it is a batch process. I want to convert biomass to
charcoal co-fire with coal in existing power plants, etc. Two year ago I
contacted the University of Hawaii, Office of Technology Transfer and
Economic Development (OTTED) and was told they are going to
license the charcoal patent to XXX and I should talk to them. I did and XXX
asked why would a utility buy charcoal at 2X the price of coal? I don't
think a license for industrial or energy or cook-out charcoal has been
issued to anyone, yet.

Invention to Innovation: We have the basic technical info. I need help on
the market and business aspects. I am putting the idea out to the world and
I hope to find someone who has a lot of inexpensive biomass that will
consider converting to charcoal for co-firing with coal, etc. Maybe waste
wood charcoal for co-firing with Eastern coal at TVA power plants. Sawmill
IPP's that burn "biomass" hog fuel for steam and power could look at making
and selling charcoal rather than selling excess power at the new rates.
Sugar cane bagasse: burn to make steam and power for making sugar in season
and convert excess to charcoal for co-firing with coal in utility boilers?
etc.

To sum it up, per a January 18, 1998 message to me:

Does it make sense to make charcoal out of biomass simply to provide a more
energy-dense fuel and one that feeds more easily into various types of
boilers or gasifiers? These are really economic
rather than technical issues. Once it is charcoal I don't really see
anything unique about feeding the stuff into boilers or gasifiers. It seems
to me that you need to provide a convincing economic argument to establish
the uniqueness of the process as a whole and that if you can do this, the
ultimate commercialization would be a downhill slide.

Let's just do it,

Jim Arcate

From Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com Thu Jul 23 18:38:27 1998
From: Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com (Stephen Schuck)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
Message-ID: <22461798443081@domain4.bigpond.com>

David,

I am glad to be able to make email contact. As you may know I am managing
the Biomass Taskforce, and am in contact with EDL's Perry Toms and met Ron
Menville in Canada in August last. I am broadly aware of your technology
and have quite a few requests from those with resources seeking technology
solutions, including gasification. Could you please send me an information
pack. Also, what is the relationship with EDL and what is the status of
the Wollongong green wastes gasification project.

One of the major generating companies was yesterday enquiring about
conversion to energy of green wastes. Your information would be of use in
promoting such conversion.

I have information on the Biomass Taskforce on URL:

http://www.users.bigpond.com/steve.schuck/ABT

Let me know if you wish to receive the Taskforce's newsletters.

Steve Schuck

Australian Biomass Taskforce Manager
c/o
Stephen Schuck and Associates Pty Ltd
7 Grassmere Road
Killara NSW 2071
Australia
Phone/fax: 61+2+9416-9246

----------
> From: David B. Neuwen <BSCBris@b022.aone.net.au>
> To: gasification@crest.org
> Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
> Date: Wednesday, 22 July 1998 09:40
>
> Dear Tom,
> We have developed a gasifier that produces sufficient
> syngas to fuel a 1 MWe recip. gas engine. We have a plant running in
Saint
> Gabriel, La. which serves as a commercial demonstration and training
> facility. The approach that we have taken is to have 1 MWe (12 mmBtu's)
> modules coupled with IC engines with each project having multiple
> installations of 5 - 10 systems. We have jumped the gas cooing, cleaning,
> tar formation etc...etc...hurdles that have plauged this industry for so
> long as well as the issues of knock etc in prime movers such as IC
engines.
>
> We are currently building a number of "commercial" systems where we will
> actually be selling energy to arms length third parties. These projects
are
> being undertaken on a build own operate basis where we are the
financiers,
> so I guess we are pretty confident that we are ready for market.
>
> We have a plant in Louisiana, offices in Houston and Brisbane
(Australia).
>
> If you or any of the readers require further information, just ask.
>
> David B. Neuwen
> Brightstar Synfuels Company
> Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3275 5555

From bentermm at convertech.co.nz Thu Jul 23 18:59:50 1998
From: bentermm at convertech.co.nz (Markus M Benter-Lynch)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site
Message-ID: <v01540b04b1ddfde53a4c@[202.37.189.31]>

Dear Jim,

Thanks for your reply. Somehow it leaves me more confused than I was before
though... ;-) Maybe it is my limited ability to understand English, being
from Germany?
I understand you believe it will be easy to sell biomass as a fuel once
converted to charcoal. O.k.
But how are you going to make the charcoal? By dropping a drum full of wood
into a pressure vessel as (as far as I remember) proposed by Antal?

Regards
Markus

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Markus M Benter-Lynch
Energy and Process Engineer
Scott Convertech Ltd
PO Box 13 776
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.htm

From Eddie.lim at pp.nsw.gov.au Thu Jul 23 22:45:30 1998
From: Eddie.lim at pp.nsw.gov.au (Eddie Lim)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Commercial gasifier
In-Reply-To: <199807222232.SAA13489@solstice.crest.org>
Message-ID: <35B80458.31950B9E@pp.nsw.gov.au>

Dear David,

I have found your message on the email. I may have given you an incoorect email
address on the phone, please check with this mail message before you sent any
email to me.

Regards,
Eddie Lim
Senior Consultant/Renewable Energy
Pacific Power
My alternate email address is ttlim@one.net.au
My address is : c/o Pacific Power,
GPO Box 5257
Sydney 2001
Australia
My telephone number is +61 (02)9268 7958 fax +61(02)9268 8277

David B. Neuwen wrote:

> Dear Tom,
> We have developed a gasifier that produces sufficient
> syngas to fuel a 1 MWe recip. gas engine. We have a plant running in Saint
> Gabriel, La. which serves as a commercial demonstration and training
> facility. The approach that we have taken is to have 1 MWe (12 mmBtu's)
> modules coupled with IC engines with each project having multiple
> installations of 5 - 10 systems. We have jumped the gas cooing, cleaning,
> tar formation etc...etc...hurdles that have plauged this industry for so
> long as well as the issues of knock etc in prime movers such as IC engines.
>
> We are currently building a number of "commercial" systems where we will
> actually be selling energy to arms length third parties. These projects are
> being undertaken on a build own operate basis where we are the financiers,
> so I guess we are pretty confident that we are ready for market.
>
> We have a plant in Louisiana, offices in Houston and Brisbane (Australia).
>
> If you or any of the readers require further information, just ask.
>
> David B. Neuwen
> Brightstar Synfuels Company
> Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3275 5555

From arcate at email.msn.com Fri Jul 24 00:30:36 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site
Message-ID: <000401bdb6bd$0c163ca0$0100007f@localhost>

Dear Markus:

I put a lot of info from various Antal high yield charcoal publications on
my web site. Pyrolysis of wood biomass under pressure in a "stagnant"
atmosphere seems to result in high yields with short conversion times, etc.
It is a batch process. Small "portable" charcoal reactors could use a
pressure door and wood bins just like "conventional" charcoal reactors. A
large commercial charcoal plant could use a conveyor system for loading
biomass and unloading charcoal. There would still be a 1 hour or so cook
time so the operation would still be batch. The commercial plant described
on my Economics web page uses two reactors with a batch time of 2 hours.

Note: These are my ideas and opinions Antal and others at HNEI have not
agreed or disagreed with anything I have said here or anywhere else.

aloha,

Jim Arcate

-----Original Message-----
From: Markus M Benter-Lynch <bentermm@convertech.co.nz>
To: gasification@crest.org <gasification@crest.org>
Date: Thursday, July 23, 1998 1:10 PM
Subject: Re: GAS-L: biomass charcoal web site

>Dear Jim,
>
>Thanks for your reply. Somehow it leaves me more confused than I was before
>though... ;-) Maybe it is my limited ability to understand English, being
>from Germany?
>I understand you believe it will be easy to sell biomass as a fuel once
>converted to charcoal. O.k.
>But how are you going to make the charcoal? By dropping a drum full of wood
>into a pressure vessel as (as far as I remember) proposed by Antal?
>
>Regards
>Markus
>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>
>Markus M Benter-Lynch
>Energy and Process Engineer
>Scott Convertech Ltd
>PO Box 13 776
>Christchurch
>NEW ZEALAND
>
>e-mail: bentermm@convertech.co.nz
>www: http://www.southpower.co.nz/conver.htm
>
>

From d_knowles at bigfoot.com Sat Jul 25 17:48:35 1998
From: d_knowles at bigfoot.com (Dave Knowles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Kaowool
In-Reply-To: <199807201904_MC2-53AC-F6A@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <199807252148.RAA02117@solstice.crest.org>

Kaowool fibers, like many other fibers, can be carcinogenic if inhaled.
Widely used in industrial furnaces, standard practice is to have workers
wear maskes when installing or removing.

--
David F. Knowles, PE d_knowles@bigfoot.com
Antares Group

From tmiles at teleport.com Sun Jul 26 17:13:25 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:40 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Bioenergy Email Lists and Commands
Message-ID: <199807262122.OAA09364@mail.easystreet.com>

BIOENERGY EMAIL LISTS and COMMANDS

The bioenergy mailing lists are hosted by the Center for Renewable Energy &
Sustainable Technologies(CREST) for industry, academia and government to
discuss biomass production and conversion to energy. There are five lists
at CREST.

o Bioenergy <bioenergy@crest.org>
Moderator: Tom Miles <tmiles@teleport.com>
Archive:<http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/bioenergy-list-archive/>
Digest: bioenergy-digest@crest.org

o Gasification <gasification@crest.org>
Moderators: Thomas Reed <REEDTB@compuserve.com>
Estoban Chornet <Chornete@tcplink.nrel.gov>
Archive: <http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive>
Digest: gasification-digest@crest.org

o Anaerobic Digestion <digestion@crest.org>
Moderators: Phil Lusk <plusk@usa.pipeline.com>
Pat Wheeler <patrick.wheeler@aeat.co.uk>
Richard Nelson <rnelson@oz.oznet.ksu.edu>
Dave Stephenson <cdstephenson@tva.gov>
Archive: <http://www.crest.org/renewables/digestion-list-archive>
Digest: digestion-digest@crest.org

o Stoves (stoves@crest.org)
Moderators: Ronal Larson <larcon@csn.net>,
Alex English <english@adan.kingston.net >
Archive: <http://www.crest.org/renewables/stoves-list-archive/>
Digest: stoves-digest@crest.org

o Bioconversion <bioconversion@crest.org>
Moderators: Tom Jeffries <twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu>
Archive: <http://www.crest.org/renewables/bioconversion-list-archive/>
Digest: bioconversion-digest@crest.org

Current subscribers to the lists are engaged in the research and commercial
production of biomass crops and fuels, the conversion of biomass power in
commercial operating plants, the construction and testing of commercial
scale pilot facilities for combustion, gasification and anaerobic
digestion, testing and analysis of environmental impacts for bioenergy, and
promotion and planning of future bioenergy resources.

MODERATORS

This is a cooperative, volunteer effort that is now in it's fourth year. The
lists are moderated and managed by volunteers. If you want to help moderate
a list pease contact individual ist moderators or Tom miles, Bioenergy List
Administrator at <tmiles@teleport.com>.

BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

July 1998 Gasification Archive