June 1998 Gasification Archive

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Jun 1 07:48:48 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Combustion "bible"
Message-ID: <199806010756_MC2-3EC8-F158@compuserve.com>

Dear Morten et al:

I ordered the Combustion Handbook, Vol II from Amazon.com on the WWW. When
it came thre was an order blank enclosed saying that the cost of volumes I
and II, 3rd edition, was $55 in U.S., and $85 all others, send order (and
Master Card Visa No. or check) to North American Manufacturing Co., 4455 E.
71st St., CLeveland, OH 44105-5600.

I should warn you that there is very little specifically on wood. But good
stuff on producer gas flame temperatures etc.

I am ordering Volume I today.

Yours truly, TOM
REED

Message text written by Morten Gronli
>Dear Tom

Where can I order the new 3rd edition (Volume I and II ) of the
COMBUSTION HANDBOOK from ?

Best regards, Morten

------------------------------------------------------------------
Morten Grønli, Dr
SINTEF Energy Research
Thermal Energy and Hydropower
7034 Trondheim
Norway
<

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Mon Jun 1 18:55:19 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gas cleanup w char ash?
Message-ID: <199806011902_MC2-3ED6-5572@compuserve.com>

Dear Vern:

For rather subtle thermodynamic reasons the stratified downdraft gasifier
only gasifies half the carbon left after flaming pyrolysis ends, leaving
4-8% unconverted char-ash. Addition of more air converts the remaining
carbon and burns tars down to <100 ppm, as demonstrated by Mukunda at IISc
Bangalore.

Onward... TOM
REED

From tmiles at teleport.com Mon Jun 1 20:49:30 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Some Events and Publications
Message-ID: <199806020057.RAA19745@mail1.teleport.com>

Events

First Nairobi Stovers Conference. Elsen Karstad has been reporting to us
from the first Nairobi Stovers Conference for stoves@crest.org moderator
Ronal Larson. Ronal fell ill in Nairobi and we wish him well. The Nairobi
event has generated a lot of enthusiasm on the very active stoves list
moderated by Ronal and Alex English.
Archive: <http://www.crest.org/renewables/stoves-list-archive/>

June 8-11. Wurzburg is coming up next week. We hope that our friends who
plan to attend will report back on the Bioenergy excitement in Europe

July 8-10. South Bend, Indiana is the site of the 1998 Fuel Ethanol
Workshop. Email etoh85@aol.com

July 16-18. Lake Lawn Resort, Delevan, Wisconsin will be the site of the
upcoming Pellet Fuels Institute Annual Conference. PFI (703) 522-6778.

October 4-8. Bioenergy 98: Expanding Partnerships at Madison, Wisonsin is
not far away. http://www.cglg.org/projects/biomass/bioenergy98

There are others of course. Find listings in the many bioenergy newsletters
and publications. Some good ones in the mail recently include:

PUBLICATIONS

Western Biomass Quarterly, May 1998. Western Regional Biomass Program.
http://www.westbioenergy.org

SERBEP Update. May.June 1998. Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program.
Phil Badger, pcbadger@tva.gov

Biologue Bol 15&16 - Double Issue. National Bioenergy Industries
Association asks "Where Will Restructuring Lead Us?" Includes the Regional
Biomasss Energy Program Reports and nice tributes to Dan Moran and Noral
Morey who passed away this year. NBIA (202) 383-2540.

CADDET, IEA Center for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated
Energy Technologies, has published some recent reports on several European
bioenergy systems. http://www.caddet-re.org

Web:

Common Purpose, The Common Purpose Institute For Energy And Environmental
Solutions, has some good infomration and links on their bioenergy page:
http://www.serve.com/commonpurpose/biomass.html

We have 100,000 visitors each month to the Archives of the Bioenergy Lists:

Bioenergy: http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/bioenergy-list-archive/
Gasification: http://www.crest.org/renewables/gasification-list-archive
Anaerobic Digestion: http://www.crest.org/renewables/digestion-list-archive
Stoves: http://www.crest.org/renewables/stoves-list-archive/
Bioconversion: http://www.crest.org/renewables/bioconversion-list-archive/

Tom Miles

Publications

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas R. Miles tmiles@teleport.com
Technical Consultants, Inc. Tel (503) 292-0107/646-1198
1470 SW Woodward Way Fax (503) 605-0208
Portland, Oregon, USA 97225

From andrewc at energy.iol.ie Tue Jun 2 11:31:01 1998
From: andrewc at energy.iol.ie (Andy Cartwright)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <199806021539.QAA26249@mail.iol.ie>

I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They produce
quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I am
trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
be found.

regards

Andrew Cartwright
EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
Bray,
Co. Wicklow.
Ireland.

From ges at iies.es Wed Jun 3 02:12:45 1998
From: ges at iies.es (BESEL)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
In-Reply-To: <199806021539.QAA26249@mail.iol.ie>
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980603082313.007b09f0@mailhost.iies.es>

Dear Andrew,
I can give you information on calorific values. You only have to contact
Mrs. Rita Ward at irish Energy Center (tel +353 1 8082073; fax +353 1
8372848; e-mail opetiec@irish-energy.ie) and said her I could undertake the
action within the framework of the contract signed between my company and
EC DG XIII to supply technical assistance to the OPET Network in the field
of Renewable Energy Sources.
When Mrs. Ward have requested my services (free of charge), I will contact
you to define accurately what you need.

Regards,

At 16:37 2/06/98 -0000, you wrote:
>I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They produce
>quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I am
>trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
>softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
>be found.
>
>
>regards
>
>Andrew Cartwright
>EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
>48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
>Bray,
>Co. Wicklow.
>Ireland.
>
>
>
Guillermo J. Escobar
Address: Ríos Rosas, 32
E-28003-Madrid
SPAIN
Telephone +34914516910
Mobile +34929219920
Facsimile +34914429309
e-mail: ges@iies.es

From poncelet at term.ucl.ac.be Wed Jun 3 02:42:51 1998
From: poncelet at term.ucl.ac.be (Jean-Marc Poncelet)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
In-Reply-To: <199806021539.QAA26249@mail.iol.ie>
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980603085018.00713404@spot.term.ucl.ac.be>

At 16:37 02/06/98 -0000, you wrote:
>I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They produce
>quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I am
>trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
>softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
>be found.
>
>
>regards
>
>Andrew Cartwright
>EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
>48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
>Bray,
>Co. Wicklow.
>Ireland.
>
>
>

Dear Andrew,

Calorific values for european species (softwood AND hardwood) are
approximatively 18400 MJ/kg (on dry basis and ashless).

Best regards,

Jean-Marc Poncelet.

°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
PONCELET JEAN-MARC
Project Engineer
Catholic University of Louvain
GEB (Group Energy Biomass)

Place du Levant 2
B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
BELGIQUE
Tél.: +32(0)10-472232
Fax.: +32(0)10-452692
e-mail : poncelet@term.ucl.ac.be
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

From rrauch at fbch.tuwien.ac.at Wed Jun 3 02:58:09 1998
From: rrauch at fbch.tuwien.ac.at (Reinhard Rauch)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
In-Reply-To: <199806021539.QAA26249@mail.iol.ie>
Message-ID: <3574F5F5.26E3D756@fbch.tuwien.ac.at>

Dear Andy

On the Institute of Chemical Engineering, Fuel and Environmental Technology we
have a Database called BIOBIB, which contains much information about calorific
values, ash content etc.

The address of this database is:

http://edv1.vt.tuwien.ac.at/biobib/

I hope you find everything you need.

Regards

Reinhard Rauch

Andy Cartwright schrieb:

> I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They produce
> quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I am
> trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
> softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
> be found.
>
> regards
>
> Andrew Cartwright
> EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
> 48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
> Bray,
> Co. Wicklow.
> Ireland.
>

--
***********************************
Reinhard Rauch, DI
Institute for Chemical Engineering,
Fuel and Environmental Technology
University of Technology Vienna
Getreidemarkt 9
1060 Vienna/AUSTRIA

http://edv1.vt.tuwien.ac.at/AG_HOFBA/Vergaser/e_vergas.htm

Phone: (++43-1) 58801-4710
Fax: (++43-1) 5876394
Email:rrauch@fbch.tuwien.ac.at
***********************************

From houmoller at DK-TEKNIK.DK Wed Jun 3 03:46:14 1998
From: houmoller at DK-TEKNIK.DK (houmoller@DK-TEKNIK.DK)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <TFSHYIFX@DK-TEKNIK.DK>

Hi.

Andrew Cartwright wrote:

I am trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods
and
softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it
can be found.

My answer:

It is important to distinguish between different types of ways to write
the energy content in a fuel. I hope my answer below will illustrate
this.

The heating value depends mainly on
1) The composition of the wood (or the wood species) and
2) The water content
The effect of the ash content, usually quite low, can be excluded from
the calculations, unless the fuel is contaminated with soil, has a very
large amount of bark and so on.

There are mainly four types of heating value:
1) LOWER heating value for the DRY MATTER
2) LOWER heating value for the FUEL
3) HIGHER heating value for the DRY MATTER
4) HIGHER heating value for the FUEL

When hearing values around 19 MJ/kg this is most likely 1). But as the
water content has a significant influence, the water content should
always be stated along with the heating value. So the job is now reduced
to estimating the water content and the lower heating value of the dry
matter.

In Europe we base our calculations on 2), the lower heating value of the
fuel. This can be calculated as

Lower heating value for fuel = lower heating value for dry matter * (1 -
F) - r*F, or

lhv, fuel = lhv, dry matter * (1 - F) - r* F

where F is the fraction of water in the fuel, (1 - F) is the fraction of
dry matter in the fuel and r is the heat of evaporation for water. r is a
function of temperature but can be estimated as 2,454 MJ/kg.

The lower heating value of dry matter varies between 18 and 21 MJ/kg,
usually between 19 and 19,5 MJ/kg. Using 19 MJ/kg, the lower heating
value can be calculated as

lhw, fuel = 19 MJ/kg * (1 -F) - 2,454 MJ/kg * F

For wood chips with 45% water this yields a lower heating value for the
fuel of 9,35 MJ/kg, but for industrial waste wood with 10% water content
the heating value is16,9 MJ/kg.

The HIGHER heating values ( 3) and 4) ) also includes the energy released
from the forming of water from the hydrogen content in the fuel dry
matter (usually 6-6,2%). The formulas are:

hhv, dry matter = lhv, dry matter + 8,94*r*h

where h is the hydrogen content and 8,94 kg of water is formed for each
kg hydrogen

and

hhv, fuel = lhv, fuel + r*(F + 8,94*h*(1-F))

Søren

***********************'**************************
Søren Houmøller, M. Sc., project manager
dk-TEKNIK Energy & Environment
Centre for Biomass Technology

See me at
http://www.sh.dk/~cbt/sh/

-----Original Message-----
From: andrewc@energy.iol.ie [SMTP:MIME @INTERNET {andrewc@energy.iol.ie}]
Sent: 2. juni 1998 18:00
To: gasification@crest.org
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They
produce
quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I
am
trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it
can
be found.

regards

Andrew Cartwright
EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
Bray,
Co. Wicklow.
Ireland.

From vanderdrift at ecn.nl Wed Jun 3 04:59:43 1998
From: vanderdrift at ecn.nl (Bram van der Drift)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <09072145074662@ecnpdc.ecn.nl>

ECN has made a database containing most (bio)chemical and physical
properties of many different biomass and waste streams. It's called
Phyllis (named after a greek goddes, the goddes of wisdom) and
presently contains over 1100 records and growing. If you tell me your
specific types of wood, I will send you the data you want.

regards,

Bram van der Drift
Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN)
tel: (+31) 224 564515
fax: (+31) 224 563489
vanderdrift@ecn.nl
biomass@ecn.nl

----------
> Van: Andy Cartwright <andrewc@energy.iol.ie>
> Aan: Gasification <gasification@crest.org>
> Onderwerp: GAS-L: calorific values
> Datum: dinsdag, 02 juni, 1998 18:37
>
> I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They
produce
> quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4
tonne/day). I am
> trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods
and
> softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where
it can
> be found.
>
>
> regards
>
> Andrew Cartwright
> EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
> 48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
> Bray,
> Co. Wicklow.
> Ireland.
>
>

From Auke.Koopmans at fao.org Wed Jun 3 10:17:43 1998
From: Auke.Koopmans at fao.org (Koopmans, Auke (FAORAP))
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <01IXSE9E7K2Q8Y5HUY@faov02.fao.org>

Andy,

I should have some information in a book titled "characteristics of various
types of biomass" (i think the title was something like this) written by
professor Grover from IIT Delhi. I will look for it at home and send you
information on how to obtain it.
Regards,

Auke Koopmans Tel. +66-2-280 2760
Wood Energy Conservation Specialist Fax +66-2-280 0760
FAO-RWEDP
Maliwan Mansion, Phra Atit Road 39, Email rwedp@fao.org
Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email auke.koopmans@fao.org

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Andy Cartwright [SMTP:andrewc@energy.iol.ie]
> Sent: Tuesday, June 02, 1998 11:37 PM
> To: Gasification
> Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
>
> I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They
> produce
> quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I
> am
> trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
> softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
> be found.
>
>
> regards
>
> Andrew Cartwright
> EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
> 48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
> Bray,
> Co. Wicklow.
> Ireland.
>
>

From bmjenkins at ucdavis.edu Wed Jun 3 12:30:56 1998
From: bmjenkins at ucdavis.edu (Jenkins)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
In-Reply-To: <199806021539.QAA26249@mail.iol.ie>
Message-ID: <v03007806b19acb3db195@[128.120.59.176]>

Seems there are a number of biomass databases in development. We also have
one containing somewhere close to 1000 entries. There are however, some
publications on the subject, including chapter 5.2 in the Biomass Handbook
(Gordon and Breach, 1989). Higher heating value at constant volume (bomb
calorimeter) of many clean woods runs very close to 20 MJ/kg dry basis (<1%
ash).

Bryan

>I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They produce
>quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4 tonne/day). I am
>trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods and
>softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where it can
>be found.
>
>
>regards
>
>Andrew Cartwright

----------------------------------***--***----------------------------
Bryan M. Jenkins, Professor |phone 530 752 1422
Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. |fax 530 752 2640
University of California |
One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 |bmjenkins@ucdavis.edu

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Wed Jun 3 21:26:02 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <199806032133_MC2-3F21-B71F@compuserve.com>

Dear Andrew:

People make long lists of energy contents of woods. However, the lists can
never be accurate because wood varies as much within a single species as
across many species and moisture content, ash content etc. vary.

On a DRY WEIGHT BASIS most wood is 19-21 kJ/g.

Don't sweat the little things.

Yours, TOM
REED

From Jcrtt at aol.com Thu Jun 4 00:15:25 1998
From: Jcrtt at aol.com (Jcrtt@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tire pyrolysis
Message-ID: <7c8a1fbe.35760159@aol.com>

Can you give me any information on the latest developments in tire pyrolysis?
Are there any functioning facilities in the US or, if not, the world? Is
there any market for the char that is produced? Are there any recent sources
of information? Thanks.

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Thu Jun 4 19:13:44 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small-Scale Combustion Device Review
Message-ID: <199806041921_MC2-3F3F-47C5@compuserve.com>

Dear Kirk:

I have read your paper "Greenhouse Gases from Small-Scale Combustion
Devices in Developing Countries: Phase III- Charcoal Making Kilns in
Thailand". I initially was put off by the title and the number (10) of
authors with long names at institutions (6) with longer names. However,
the contents and the possibility of making a major improvement soon caught
my attention. I hope you will share my comments with your co-authors.

1) Present charcoal methods, operated by desperately poor "charcoal
burners" are dreadfully inefficient and horribly polluting. This is
because it is operated as a one classical step process in which the initial
heat first dries the charge, producing steam, then pyrolyses the charge,
resulting in a non-combustible mix of steam and fuel gases that can fill
whole valleys with choking smoke.

2) Your figures on emissions, and the fact that the associated charcoal
processes produce twice as much greenhouse gases as using fossil fuels
would, shows that there is a marvellous opportunity here to reduce GHG
while improving the efficiency and yield of the charcoal process.

3) Recently a number of us have been working on TOP DOWN charcoal
making/cooking stoves. If a charge of wood is lit on the top, the
pyrolysis fire moves DOWN through the charge, yielding typically 25%
charcoal and a very combustible gas. Unfortunately, the process requires
moderately dry wood.

4) The top burning stove could have a charge of wet wood mounted above it
and correct combustion of the pyrolysis would provide more than enough
energy to dry the next charge. Result, high yield and lowest emissions,
and higher profit to the charcoal burner.

5) Since you show that charcoal making is so productive of GHG, I hope
that you can raise funds to develop a simple new charcoal kiln that can
displace all the brick, clay and rice hull kilns that you describe.
~~~~~
Specific comments on the paper:

While charcoal making produces a great quantity of greenhouse gases,
allowing wood to rot in the forest and be digested in the gut of termites
also produces lots of methane. You might mention in the pape that CLEAN
combustion of the wood or charcoal is preferable to this.

CO goes rapidly to CO2 in the atmosphere, so you could lump CO-CO2 together
in much of your discussion - or at least point out that they are equivalent
GHGwise.

P 2, PARA 2; enduse => end use

There probably are no good statistics on World Charcoal Production before
1900, but I suspect that the GHG from charcoal situation was worse in the
period 1820-1930 when the industrial countries were depending on charcoal
for both fuel and iron reduction. However, later they began to condense
the pyroligneous acid and tar for various other purposes, certainly
superior to venting them. You might mention a little of this history to
let the worryworts know that things are probably no worse now than a
century ago.

I was glad to read of your sampling successes and problems (condensibles),
and will adopt the former for my summer measurements. They should become
standard in this field.

I was very surprised at how little (3%) of the initial carbon wound up in
the condensibles (Table 8). Typical reports on charcoal making put
condensibles near 1/3 of the wood weight. Could you have missed
significant amounts of condensibles as mist or low temperature
condensate???

Congratulations to you and your co-workers on an excellent report for the
EPA. I hope it leads to improvements in 3rd world charcoal kilns and kiln
worker lives, rather than more handwringing and more reports.

Yours truly, TOM
REED

From paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in Thu Jun 4 22:12:23 1998
From: paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in (P.Nagpal)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980605025223.0066a40c@giasbga.vsnl.net.in>

In India a company has started experimenting with ground-nut shell. Is there
any information available on this material. Thermal ?

An details of work done ?

Some results are encouraging. We want to ascertain if there is agreement
with work previously done.

Your advice please ?

P. Nagpal.

At 11:07 AM 6/3/98 +0200, you wrote:
>ECN has made a database containing most (bio)chemical and physical
>properties of many different biomass and waste streams. It's called
>Phyllis (named after a greek goddes, the goddes of wisdom) and
>presently contains over 1100 records and growing. If you tell me your
>specific types of wood, I will send you the data you want.
>
>regards,
>
>Bram van der Drift
>Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN)
>tel: (+31) 224 564515
>fax: (+31) 224 563489
>vanderdrift@ecn.nl
>biomass@ecn.nl
>
>----------
>> Van: Andy Cartwright <andrewc@energy.iol.ie>
>> Aan: Gasification <gasification@crest.org>
>> Onderwerp: GAS-L: calorific values
>> Datum: dinsdag, 02 juni, 1998 18:37
>>
>> I am currently working on a gasification project in a joinery. They
>produce
>> quite a quantity of wood waste on a daily basis (average 4
>tonne/day). I am
>> trying to locate the calorific values for certain types of hardwoods
>and
>> softwoods. can anyone give me this information or let me know where
>it can
>> be found.
>>
>>
>> regards
>>
>> Andrew Cartwright
>> EEC LTD Ph: +353 1 276 1428
>> 48 Main St, Fax: +353 1 276 1561
>> Bray,
>> Co. Wicklow.
>> Ireland.
>>
>>

From Rkfabf at aol.com Thu Jun 4 22:50:31 1998
From: Rkfabf at aol.com (Rkfabf@aol.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Fwd: Swedish Soot Studies
Message-ID: <72a185b1.357749fe@aol.com>

To: owner-stoves@crest.org
Subject: Swedish Soot Studies
From: Rkfabf@aol.com
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 1998 21:12:32 EDT

I'm hoping maybe one of the subscribers to the list will be able to direct me
to some of the Swedish research & studies Tom mentions in the letter below.
If you are aware of the name of the study, paper, researcher or know of where
I might find this information, please contact me either privately
(rkfabf@aol.com) or thru the list.

Many Thanks -
Cathy Flanders
Fax: 972-527-6608
rkfabf@aol.com
<A HREF="http://members.tripod.com/~rkfabf/index.html">Candles and Indoor Air
Quality</A>

http://members.tripod.com/~rkfabf/index.html
<A HREF="http://www.onelist.com/subscribe.cgi/iaq">IAQ Listserve (to
subscribe)</A>

http://www.onelist.com/subscribe.cgi/iaq

============================================================
Dear Cathy
Thanks for your information on candles. I have had some cases involving
candles and other sourses of soot (and other kind of dust). The problem
wasn´t only to identify the soot, if the sourse was candles, wood burning,
traffic er others, it was also to understand why it came (as it appeared)
so suddenly and why only certain materials and certain surfaces became
black. Some research has been done in Sweden, as far as I remember, about
20 years ago and the problem is given a certain name in Swedish. Translated
it could be "Sudden sooting" or something like that.

The sourses was often mixed, including burning candles. The reason to
deposition on plastic materials is not cuite clear but electrical forces
are among the suspected reasons. The reason to deposition on certain parts
of walls and cealings is differences in temperature. It is called (in
Swedish) "termodiffusion", I belive the English name is similar. The
particles are collected on relatively colder surfaces due to differences in
energy (movement of the electrones) between warm and cold air. The
particles are "pushed" in to the relatively colder surfaces and stays there
depending on the same forces and on a higher RH level in the surface of the

colder part of the wall or cealing. The result is black or grey areas on
walls or cealings. You will always find that the surface temperature on the
black area is lower than the surrounding surface temperatures, mostly due
to bad thermal insulation, air leakage or differences in surface
temperature due to cold air streams from support air or warm air behind
electrical equipment. I haven´t had time to read your mail yet, I´ll do
that as soon as possible. Some of what I´ve written above might I find in
your mail when I read it but it may be new for anyone. Thanks for the
information. It is wery important that we, who are solving the problems in
the houses are helping others, so far science have been of little help in
the solutions of IAQ problems.

Regards
Tom F

From tmiles at teleport.com Thu Jun 4 22:50:34 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: calorific values
In-Reply-To: <09072145074662@ecnpdc.ecn.nl>
Message-ID: <199806050258.TAA06451@radius1.teleport.com>

At 11:07 AM 6/3/98 +0200, Bram van der Drift wrote:
>ECN has made a database containing most (bio)chemical and physical
>properties of many different biomass and waste streams. It's called
>Phyllis (named after a greek goddes, the goddes of wisdom)

That must be why so many people pursue biomass. Is it the wisdom they
pursue, or the goddess? :-)

Tom Miles

From antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br Sat Jun 6 08:52:57 1998
From: antonio.hilst at merconet.com.br (Antonio G. P. Hilst)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: tire pyrolysis
In-Reply-To: <7c8a1fbe.35760159@aol.com>
Message-ID: <35773F12.430B@merconet.com.br>

Jcrtt@aol.com wrote:
>
> Can you give me any information on the latest developments in tire pyrolysis?
> Are there any functioning facilities in the US or, if not, the world? Is
> there any market for the char that is produced? Are there any recent sources
> of information? Thanks.
ADM burns shreded tires (about 10%) in a fluidized bed boiler with low
grade coal. It seems a good route.
Antonio

From prabhkar at giaspn01.vsnl.net.in Sat Jun 6 17:10:15 1998
From: prabhkar at giaspn01.vsnl.net.in (L.Prabhakar)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification - Biomass
Message-ID: <199806062110.RAA19242@solstice.crest.org>

Dear Sir,

Our organisation is a consultancy organisation specialized inpower
generation from biomass. As you are aware that, biomass gasification will
be future technology, needs to be promoted. We are convinced about the
merits of biomass gasification.

We are looking for a Gasifier system either direct or indirect, to operate
on biomass feedstocks like, bagasse, cane trash, rice hulls, cotton stalks,
pulse stalks etc.Kindly inform the know how supplier / manufacturer who can
give commercial guarantees for the generation of power.

Number of gasifier manufacturers are coming to India for selling their
systems. Can you give us the gasifier sytems operating commercially and at
pilot plant stages. Based on your information, we can contact the
individual manufacturers, with specific proposals.

With regards,

Yours faithfully,
for Pranam Consultants,

L.Prabhakar.
Director,
Pranam Consultants,
E7/10, Salunkhe Vihar,
Kondhwa,
Pune 411 048.
Phone +91 212 676214, Fax: +91 212 677027.

From celtic2 at ibm.net Sun Jun 7 00:40:27 1998
From: celtic2 at ibm.net (Stephen Allen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small Applications
Message-ID: <199806070448.EAA10878@out2.ibm.net>

I am currently working on the use of forced updraft gasification on a small
scale. I keep seeing work on improved woodburning stoves for developing
countries, but am at a loss to explain the neglect of existing knowledge.
The technology of gasification was in it's heyday during the second world
war. Why not build on an existing database. As I understand it, one of the
stumbling blocks to gasifier stoves as cook stoves, is the lack, or expense
of power for the blower system. PV systems are prevelant in developing
countries, and are easy to adapt to this need. Barring this, the use of
thermo, semiconductor devices are capable of supplying the neccessary power
for the induction systems.
The end result is a true gasifier device that can supply a clean
flame of adjustable intensity, with none, or very little of the health
risks associated with wood fires.

From arcate at email.msn.com Sun Jun 7 16:22:48 1998
From: arcate at email.msn.com (Jim Arcate)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small Applications
Message-ID: <000a01bd9253$4e5cfe20$0100007f@localhost>

To Stephen Allen and Gasification Discussion Group:

Here is another solar power possibility ?
>From NASA TechTracs: http://ntas.techtracs.org/

Search results for biomass gasification.

SOLAR HEATED FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Technology Profile
Case Number: NPO-15071-1T
NASA Center: JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
Company Name: CALIF INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY

Abstract: Catalytic coal and biomass gasifer system heated by solar energy.
Sunlight from solar concentrator focused through quartz window onto
ceramic-honeycomb absorber surface, which raises temperature of reactant
steam, fluidizing gas, and reactor walls.

Publication: NASA Tech Brief, April, 1985, Volume 8, Issue 4, Page 488,
Technical Support Package: Available
Patent No.: 4,290,779
Licensing: Not Available

Jim Arcate
www.techtp.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Stephen Allen <celtic2@ibm.net>
To: gasification@crest.org <gasification@crest.org>
Date: Saturday, June 06, 1998 6:50 PM
Subject: GAS-L: Small Applications

>I am currently working on the use of forced updraft gasification on a small
>scale. I keep seeing work on improved woodburning stoves for developing
>countries, but am at a loss to explain the neglect of existing knowledge.
>The technology of gasification was in it's heyday during the second world
>war. Why not build on an existing database. As I understand it, one of the
>stumbling blocks to gasifier stoves as cook stoves, is the lack, or expense
>of power for the blower system. PV systems are prevelant in developing
>countries, and are easy to adapt to this need. Barring this, the use of
>thermo, semiconductor devices are capable of supplying the neccessary power
>for the induction systems.
> The end result is a true gasifier device that can supply a clean
>flame of adjustable intensity, with none, or very little of the health
>risks associated with wood fires.
>

From pcciproq at upc.edu.pe Mon Jun 8 00:25:23 1998
From: pcciproq at upc.edu.pe (pcciproq (ROQUE . PABLO))
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Brazilian BIG-GT-CC Project WBP-SIGAME
Message-ID: <199806080425.AAA04052@solstice.crest.org>

Dear list members:

Can anyone let me know about the current status of the Brazilian Biomass
Integrated Gasifier - Combined Cicle Project, WBP-SIGAME?

Thanks in advance,

Pablo Roque Diaz
pcciproq@upc.edu.pe
p_roque_d@hotmail.com

From bywateri at convertech.co.nz Mon Jun 8 00:55:57 1998
From: bywateri at convertech.co.nz (Ian Bywater)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Brazilian BIG-GT-CC Project WBP-SIGAME
Message-ID: <v01540b12b1a1221b1be5@[202.37.189.27]>

>Dear list members:
>
>Can anyone let me know about the current status of the Brazilian Biomass
>Integrated Gasifier - Combined Cycle Project, WBP-SIGAME?

I second that........what's happened anyone?

From Luiz-Carlos.deSousa at psi.ch Mon Jun 8 02:48:59 1998
From: Luiz-Carlos.deSousa at psi.ch (Luiz Carlos de Sousa)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification - Biomass
Message-ID: <"RFC-822:357b8b56:a6*/RFC-822=(060)980608085724.524(a)psidmw.psi.ch.0(062)/ADMD=400net/C=ch/"@MHS>

Dear Dr. Prabhakar and List

if you are looking for a commercially availiable gasifiaction system try to
contact

Prof. H.S. Mukunda
Chairman, Dept of Aerospace Engineering
Combustion, Gasification & Propulsion Lab
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560012 INDIA

Tel : +91-80-309 2338
Fax : +91-80-334 1683
email: mukunda@aero.iisc.ernet.in
http://144.16.73.100/~mukunda/home.html

As far as I know, Prof. Mukunda's gasifier has been thoroughly tested in India
with the most diffrent fuels. It is the gasifier with the lowest tar in the gas
I ever heard from.

Regrads

Luiz de Sousa

From celtic2 at ibm.net Wed Jun 10 12:49:07 1998
From: celtic2 at ibm.net (Stephen Allen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:37 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <199806101657.QAA08990@out4.ibm.net>

Dear Thomas:

The blowers I am using are simple 3V DC motors, (from Radio Shack), using
potentiometers as a form of speed control. The fans are being made by
myself, and am currently developing more efficient designs of blades.

Steve:

From REEDTB at compuserve.com Fri Jun 12 07:54:28 1998
From: REEDTB at compuserve.com (Thomas Reed)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <199806120802_MC2-3FF9-DCA4@compuserve.com>

Dear Steve:

I hope you realize the difference between a "blower" and a "fan". Fans
move enormous amounts of air with a pressure of < 0.01 inch of water.
Blowers (squirell cage, etc.) move less air, but with pressures of 1-10
inch of water. (See Perry, Chemical Engineer's Handbook). Mine is a
blower. Makes an incredible difference.

Fred Hottenroth marketed a nice stove using a fan. I could never get him
to try a blower.

TOM

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Sun Jun 14 02:23:58 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: steam engines
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199806140631280594@classic.msn.com>

i will be at the midwest renewables energy fair in amherst wisconsin and
displaying some of my units there. this is a great show and i recommend that
you folks attend and see what the free market has come up with.

hope to see you all there, and just ask for the steam engine guy. everybody
will know where i am at..
thanx
skip goebel
sensible steam consultants
152 von goebels lane
branson, mo 65616 417-336-2869 146942@msn.com
www.geocities.com/researchtriangle/6362

From celtic2 at ibm.net Sun Jun 14 12:15:35 1998
From: celtic2 at ibm.net (Stephen Allen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <199806141624.QAA16072@out2.ibm.net>

Dear Thomas:

The difference between fan and blower is well understood. I have tried
both, in various configurations. Freds stove is also part of my collection.
With the miniature sizes of gasifiers I am working with, (4" dia), blowers
are hard to make so small, and are therefore impractical. The fan is only
being used to draw gases down through the fuel cell, and redirect it back
into the combustion chamber.

The input is appreciated. Steve:

----------
> From: Thomas Reed <REEDTB@compuserve.com>
> To: INTERNET:gasification@crest.org
> Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
> Date: Friday, June 12, 1998 5:02 AM
>
> Dear Steve:
>
> I hope you realize the difference between a "blower" and a "fan". Fans
> move enormous amounts of air with a pressure of < 0.01 inch of water.
> Blowers (squirell cage, etc.) move less air, but with pressures of 1-10
> inch of water. (See Perry, Chemical Engineer's Handbook). Mine is a
> blower. Makes an incredible difference.
>
> Fred Hottenroth marketed a nice stove using a fan. I could never get him
> to try a blower.
>
> TOM

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Sun Jun 14 12:41:05 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199806141648290003@classic.msn.com>

hey, why dont u try what the steam folks do......
steam ejectors.
i have made small ones for steam atomizing oil burners in small sizes by doing
the following:
1. take 12' of 1/4" id copper tubing and coil it inside the combustion
chamber.....
2. use a auto type fuel pump (12vdc), the wobro type is best and only produces
about 4psi.
3. using a needle valve to admit only a very small amount of water, pump water
into the coil and allow it to flash into steam.....if you can see the steam,
it is not steam but vapor and lean it further......you want superheated steam.
4. braze a divergent type nozzle to the end of the copper tube, drill a #60
hole into the entrance and have a 1/4'' exit (cone shape nozzle)
5. place the nozzle into the exhaust stack of your burner if you want to educt
the gasses, or if the conditions are right, you can push the incomming air
into the fire and if conditions are real good, the steam will catalize with
the esters and co, but..........it is safer to educt and have a neg. air
pressure
6. make sure that your water is filtered as things clog real easy. a gallon
will last about two hours in this type of system, but it sure is reliable and
the water pump uses a small amount of juice, plus, works against the
developing back pressure to maintain steady flow.

try it!
or go to a steam show in your area and see how everybody else does it with
steam.
note: if your oxidation is too rapid in your coal bed from the increased
draft... a little egr will keep the temp down.

good day
skip goebel, sensible steam

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Mon Jun 15 00:10:26 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Blowers
Message-ID: <199806121030_MC2-4005-C318@compuserve.com>

id KAA12661
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

Tom,

In sawmill circles we split air movers up into axial fans (< about 3" H2O),
centrifugal fans (< about 40" H2O) and positive displacement (Roots type)
blowers (up to about 7 psi).

There is a special type of blower with pressures up to about 80" H2O which
is normally used to deliver combustion air to gas burners; that is a high
tip speed centifugal fan with a volute type scroll diffuser.

Malcolm Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Mon Jun 15 00:10:28 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasification of sewage sludge
Message-ID: <199806121221_MC2-4004-2585@compuserve.com>

id MAA18184
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

We supply two-stage, wet solid fuel combustor, which we call the Heuristic
EnvirOcycler. The fuel is gasified in a very large first stage of gentle
updraught gasification and the producer gas, so formed, is immediately
burned in a second stage of vigorous cyclonic combustion. Versions of the
EnvirOcycler have been in continuous service in the forest products
industry for 17 years.

We could burn mixtures of your 75% moisture content sewage sludge with
shredded municipal solid waste or mixtures of the sludge with shredded
tires in the EnvirOcycler. How many tonnes/day of sludge do you need to
dispose and what would its Ultimate Analysis (H, O, C, N, S, ash, etc),
Higher Heating Value and Proximate Analysis (Fixed carbon, volatile matter,
moisture content) be?

Malcolm D. Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering Inc
Vancouver, BC Canada

From hauserman at corpcomm.net Mon Jun 15 07:17:40 1998
From: hauserman at corpcomm.net (William B. Hauserman)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Water-gas shift reaction.
Message-ID: <199806151126.GAA28868@ns1.corpcomm.net>

Good morning. Is there anybody out there who's had some practical, hands-on experience with the design or operation of WGF (Water-Gas-Shift) reactors, for the conversion CO + H2O => H2 + CO2 ?If so I'd like to chat about it. Thanx W.B.Hauserman

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Mon Jun 15 09:14:56 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Water-gas shift reaction.
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199806151322410543@classic.msn.com>

the best source there is
AUDELS ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS GUIDE #4, CIRCA 1939
this is a manual on gas producers......the one YOUR teacher learned from.
available in military archives and auctions of old machinist estates.
once you have read this one, the forum will seem boring.......
good luck
skip goebel
sensible steam

From fjsparb at sprintmail.com Fri Jun 19 09:35:01 1998
From: fjsparb at sprintmail.com (Frederick J Sparber)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Ion Exchange DeMineralization of Biomass?
Message-ID: <004501bd9b87$ec49ed40$0e8f85ce@default>

The ash problem associated with combustion of biomass Might be circumvented
by comminution followed by low temperature ion exchange using Carbonic Acid
H2CO3.

Since the CO2 is readily available by cooling and compressing the flue or
exhaust gases into
the water-biomass mix, it would be the first choice.

The biomass is a Natural Ion Exchange "Resin" and if suitably treated,should
exchange the alkali cations (and possibly some anions)for the protons
(H+)and(HCO3- or CO3=)of the ionized H2CO3:
2 H+ + CO3= or H+ + HCO3- in an ion exchange column containing the biomass.

Thoughts?

Regards, Frederick

From chuahuisang at hotmail.com Fri Jun 19 09:37:48 1998
From: chuahuisang at hotmail.com (chua hui sang)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: No Subject
Message-ID: <199806191337.JAA16284@solstice.crest.org>

Hi!

I wish to know the electricity and water consumption of any existing
methanol plant. Hope to get some feedback. Thanks for the information.

Eager.

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

From fjsparb at sprintmail.com Fri Jun 19 10:20:09 1998
From: fjsparb at sprintmail.com (Frederick J Sparber)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Hydrothermal Biomass Motor Fuels
Message-ID: <005801bd9b8e$3a1d4520$0e8f85ce@default>

The aqueous treatment of biomass at 600 to 705+
degrees F (1500 to 3200+ psi) following demineralization pretreatment, Might
be accomplished using a suitable heat exchanger
in the exhaust of an I.C. Engine or gas turbine.

A treated hot slurry of about 70% water-30% biomasscan be injected into the
cylinders of an engine with minor modification. The combustible gases
produced may provide enough "pilot fuel" for subsequent combustion of
the -40 mesh solids and "pyroligneous oils".

FJS

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Fri Jun 19 22:29:36 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasification of sewage sludge
Message-ID: <199806200242.OAA29354@powerlink.co.nz>

>
> Date: Mon, 15 Jun 1998 00:10:28 -0400 (EDT)
> From: "Malcolm D. Lefcort" <mlefcort@compuserve.com>
> Subject: GAS-L: gasification of sewage sludge
>
> id MAA18184
> Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: gasification
>
> We supply two-stage, wet solid fuel combustor, which we call the
Heuristic
> EnvirOcycler. The fuel is gasified in a very large first stage of gentle
> updraught gasification and the producer gas, so formed, is immediately
> burned in a second stage of vigorous cyclonic combustion. Versions of
the
> EnvirOcycler have been in continuous service in the forest products
> industry for 17 years.
>
> We could burn mixtures of your 75% moisture content sewage sludge with
> shredded municipal solid waste or mixtures of the sludge with shredded
> tires in the EnvirOcycler. How many tonnes/day of sludge do you need to
> dispose and what would its Ultimate Analysis (H, O, C, N, S, ash, etc),
> Higher Heating Value and Proximate Analysis (Fixed carbon, volatile
matter,
> moisture content) be?
>
> Malcolm D. Lefcort
> Heuristic Engineering Inc
> Vancouver, BC Canada
>

Malcolm

I am sure your gasifiers work perfectly within the forest industry, but
proposing their application for disposal of shredded municipal waste and
old car tyres raises some interesting questions.

Updraught gasification produces a gas full of uncracked hydrocarbons
including benzine. If you add tyres or plastics which contain chlorine the
end result is dioxin. High temperature combustion in an oxidising
atmosphere fixes the dioxin into the fly ash, the same problem that
inhibits the use of incinerators where the problem was first discovered.

Q1: What safety precautions do you have to dispose of the toxic fly ash?

Q2: If your process is producing toxic fly ash, does the operator have to
apply for environmental approvals?

Q3: Sewage sludge I have been informed, can contain heavy metals, and end
up with the exhaust emission. Have you tested for these emissions?

Any positive answers to the questions would make your system very useful to
waste disposal companies, if you can that is demonstrate its safe
operation.

I would appreciate comments from other contributors to this forum on any
systems similar in principle and application that may be operational.

Regards
Doug Williams
Fluidyne Gasification.

From lhl3 at leicester.ac.uk Sat Jun 20 16:34:22 1998
From: lhl3 at leicester.ac.uk (L.H. Lim)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Asking for gasification plant control
Message-ID: <1B7B1D23F1E@violet.le.ac.uk>

To whom may concern,
I'm going to do my 3rd year projet regarding to the gasificaton plant
control. Can you please send some of the information to me please.

Thanks a lot.

Yours sincerely,
Lim Lik Huay
(Leicester Uniersity Student)
sien-ah

From paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in Sat Jun 20 22:10:44 1998
From: paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in (P.Nagpal)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Societies and Associations in India
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980621025047.0066f074@giasbga.vsnl.net.in>

Hello Thomas Reed,

I am trying to find names and addresses Associations based in India or
working in co-operation with one's abroad, concerned with promoting use of
renewable energy in India.

Can you please help with names and pointers.

Best Wishes

P Nagpal.

P Nagpal

From paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in Sat Jun 20 22:10:47 1998
From: paavani at giasbga.vsnl.net.in (P.Nagpal)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Refuse Derived Fuels
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980621025050.00678a7c@giasbga.vsnl.net.in>

Hello Thomas Reed

My friends Patels live far from the city where phone lines are so bad that
they use snail mail to communicate through me with with others working in
renewable energy area.

I am attaching one such request from them. Is gasification@crest.org the
right place to post their information request ?

Thanks

P Nagpal

<HTML>
I am posting this on behalf of my friends Almitra and Hoshang Patel who
are very actively involved in "green energy" but unfortunately, being in
rural India are to some extent isolated from scientists engineers and strategists
functioning in this area. Hence, I will appreciate if you will keep me
posted with information that could interest them, information groups you
recommend I should browse for them, discussion groups in which I can participate
on their behalf. Once information reaches me, snail mail will be the only
reliable method of my contact with the Patels.
<BR> 
<BR>India needs to decide on a national policy regarding RDF or Refuse
Derived Fuel pellets from city garbage, which is heavily interlaced with
thin plastic shopping bags, even after the rag pickers have thoroughly
worked over the heaps.  Separation is nearly impossible. Our garbage
is too low-calorie (and too high in dust and ask) to justify high - temperature
power generating incinerators which operate at high temperatures. Will
RDF pellets containing these plastics release dioxins and furans in dangerous
levels when burnt as domestic fuels ? Or boiler - feed instead of coal
in open - hearths ? Are there any local technologies to control dioxin
emissions from such feed stocks ?
<BR> </HTML>

From kjwhiting at easynet.co.uk Sun Jun 21 05:46:01 1998
From: kjwhiting at easynet.co.uk (kevin j. whiting)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: gasification of sewage sludge
Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.19980621105514.0069a2fc@easynet.co.uk>

A great deal of work has been carried out in the UK on the utilisation of
sewage sludge via gasification/pyrolysis to produce energy/power.

Two plants are currently under construction:

1. 500 kg/hr project for a UK water company. The contractor is OSC Process
Engineering using a UK developed gasification process. The syngas
generated will be used to provide energy to the sludge drying process. The
plant will be operational at the end of 1998.

2. A larger facility for Northumbrian Water using the Lurgi LR process
which has been applied to coal gasification and in the coke oven industry.
The generated syngas will be used to generate electricity. The plant will
be operational some time in 1999.

If you would more information please contact me privately.

Dr Kevin J. Whiting
Environmental Technology Consultant

30 Sandeman Way
Horsham
West Sussex RH13 6EL
UNITED KINGDOM

Telephone & Fax: +44 1403 262721
Email: kjwhiting@easynet.co.uk

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Mon Jun 22 00:56:40 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Brazilian BIG-GT-CC Project WBP-SIGAME
Message-ID: <199806091407_MC2-3FAF-3DEF@compuserve.com>

id OAA27508
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

A paper entitled "Update on the Progress of the Brazilian Wood BIG-GT
Demonstration Project" was presented by Lars Waldheim of TPS Termiska
Processer AB of Nykoping, Sweden at the ASME TURBO EXPO '98 conference in
Stockholm on June 3rd. The paper number is 98-GT-472. The paper can be
ordered from the ASME Order Department at 22 Law Drive, PO Box 2900,
Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. e-mail: infocentral@asme.org

Malcolm Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering Inc
Vancouver, BC

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Mon Jun 22 01:17:29 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Dioxins/Furans
Message-ID: <199806211003_MC2-40DB-98FD@compuserve.com>

id JAA01880
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

Doug Willams

a) We don't supply gasifiers; we supply two-stage combustors.

b) I know that shredded tires (known as TDF - tire derived fuel) are
burned on a continuous
basis in hog fuel boilers in the US Pacific Northwest. I believe that TDF
is burned in hog
fuel boilers all over the US and in Canada as well. "Hog fuel" is a
generic term for sawmill
bark, sawdust and "hogged' solid wood waste. I installed a hammer mill
"hog" in the
Winstone-Samsung market pulp TMP mill in Karioi, NZ.

c) We successfully burned 5 tons of RDF (refuse derived fuel) supplied by
the US Bureau of
Mines in College Park, Maryland in one of our burners in North Central
British Columbia. The RDF
was shipped, under bond, to Prince George, British Columbia. I personally
cleared it through
Canada Customs -"....why on earth do your want to import US garbage to
Prince George?..."
and then drove it 75 miles to our burner at a large sawmill in Engen, BC.

c) Granted, chlorine from, say, PVC's can combine with cellulose molecules
and form dioxins
and/or furans in our first stage of updraft gasification. However, any
dioxin or furan molecules
that may have formed are completely destroyed in our refractory-lined,
double vortex,
combustion chamber, which is located immediately above the first stage.
We have no water
walls in our second stage to suck heat out of the burning producer gas -
which may contain
these dioxins or furans - which would then tend to lock in some of the
intermediate products of
combustion as does happen in large, mass burning, MSW boilers.

I do question your statement that:

"High temperature combustion in an oxidising atmosphere fixes the dioxin
into the fly ash, the
same problem that inhibits the use of incinerators where the problem was
first discovered."

With respect to the fly ash part of your statement:

When burning typical sawmill wood waste we meet particulate levels of 120
mg/Nm3 or 0.052 grains/dscf (corrected to 8% oxygen by volume). The rest
of the ash is removed from our large first stage by its built-in,
continuous ash discharge system.

With respect to the "fixing" part of your statement:

The fly ash to which you refer is the result of very poor combustion taking
place on spreader stoker or travelling grates in boilers. Unburned
particulate matter, elutriated up off the grate (later removed in
cyclones/baghouses/ scrubbers, etc) has to travel up through a cavernous
boiler furnace, lined with black water walls which, as explained above,
don't permit complete combustion of these contentious compounds. It is
there, in the water walled furnace, where the "fixing" to which you refer
likely takes place. No such fixing can take place in our second stage
combustion chamber. We have no water walls.

So, in answer to Q1 and Q2 - we don't take any "safety precautions... to
dispose of the toxic
(sic) fly ash" since we don't have any and therefore the operator does not
"have to apply for
environmental approvals."

Finally, in response to Q3: yes sewage sludge does, typically, contain
heavy metals. However, since all the sewage sludge systems with which are
involved contain heat recovery devices (typically a waste heat boiler), a
350F baghouse is all that is required to remove these trace elements.

Malcolm Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering Inc
Vancouver, BC Canada

From mpat at erols.com Mon Jun 22 01:17:32 1998
From: mpat at erols.com (ROGER B. MCMULLEN)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Bagasse gasification by PURE PYROLYSIS
Message-ID: <199806220517.BAA26352@solstice.crest.org>

DATE: 6/21/98 Sun. 11:11 EST USA
Ref: Internet "Gas-L Re: Bagasse" 4 Mar 1998
From: Frederick G. McMullen, P.E.

James, your communication was reviewed with considerable interest. In
your communication you state that you are pursuing a gasification
technology to ultimately bring you "one step closer to an installation
in one of CSR's eight sugar mills etc".

We would like to bring to your attention an advanced pyrolytic
technology that can be provided immediately for successful conversion of
bagasse to electricity. The inventors have discretely developed this
technology over many years and have just this year received their
International Patent coverage.

Universities, including (1)the University of Miami, Florida, (2)Texas
Tech, Lubbock, Texas, (3)Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Ma., (4)University of Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia, have each
reviewed and confirmed at the Ph.d level the mass and energy balances,
process and equipment feasibility.

This technology operates at atmospheric pressure. After self-sustained
support of its thermal and electrical demands (consumes avg. 15% of its
product gas) it produces 1 MWh NET, saleable electrical energy per ton
of feedstock pyrolyzed; thus 100 T/hr bagasse = 100 MWh.

Your concerns as mentioned in the above referenced communication are not
an issue. There is NO SOOT - NO LIGHT OR HEAVY OILS - NO LIQUORS - NO
PARTICULATE and NO LANDFILL necessary.

There are two process products (1) a CLEAN COMBUSTIBLE GAS and (2) an
ACTVATED CARBON matrix.

The gas has been tested and certified under Engine Manufacturers
Warranty as capable of running any piston engine [SPARK OR DIESEL]
without alteration, deration or detonation. The gas can be introduced
directly into gas turbines, boilers or fuel cells with dramatic
efficiency.

The described 4% ash content (70% silica and 20% Alkali Metals) is
chemically fixated and solidified within the carbon matrix. The clean,
cool and dry activated carbon can be utilized as filter media, plastic
fillers, fertilizer or fuel, etc.

Your CRS mass burn plants need not be discarded as they can be receiving
the carbon as fuel for additional electrical production. If the plants
are located near the coast, after co-generation this technology has the
added advantage of utilizing a more advanced Boiler Pyrolyzer technology

for the desalination of ocean and brackish waters.

There need never be a "down time", due to the modular design that allows
that (1 of each 5) "cavity radiators) can be removed for scheduled
maintenance without negatively effecting the overall production of the
operation due to a programed 20% load contingency. The remaining
modules simply pick up the slack without missing a beat in electrical
production.

This technology has been refined to co-dispose solid and liquid wastes
simultaneously as a single/dual fuel source while co-generating steam
and electricty. The primary feedstocks targeted have been MSW and WWS,
tires, petroleum wastes, contaminated soils, agricultural wastes and
others; IE. forestry, paper mill sludges, paper green and black liquors,
paint sludges, paunch and packing wastes, poultry, hog and cattle
manuers have all been successfuly converted, to name a few.

Bagasse from Florida, USA has been converted with excellent results as
the process receives it "unchallenged". The product gas from bagasse is
clear, clean and free from particulates. The carbon is crystaline in
nature and easily manageble.

We trust that you find the above information interesting enough to
prompt a response at your earliest convenience.

Respectfully yours.

Frederick G. McMullen, P.E.

From mlefcort at compuserve.com Mon Jun 22 01:17:35 1998
From: mlefcort at compuserve.com (Malcolm D. Lefcort)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Toxic fly ash
Message-ID: <199806211909_MC2-40E5-E843@compuserve.com>

id TAA14851
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

Doug Willams

a) We don't supply gasifiers; we supply two-stage combustors. We have
built and tested a two-stage wet wood gasifier.

I do question your statement that:

"High temperature combustion in an oxidising atmosphere fixes the dioxin
into the fly ash, the
same problem that inhibits the use of incinerators where the problem was
first discovered."

With respect to the fly ash part of your statement:

When burning typical sawmill wood waste we meet particulate levels of 120
mg/Nm3 or 0.052 grains/dscf (corrected to 8% oxygen by volume) straight out
of our 2000F stack. The rest of the ash is removed from our large first
stage by its built-in, continuous ash discharge system.

With respect to the "fixing" part of your statement:

So, in answer to Q1 and Q2 - we don't take any "safety precautions... to
dispose of the toxic
(sic) fly ash" since we don't have any. Therefore the operator does not
"have to apply for
environmental approvals."

Finally, in response to Q3: yes, sewage sludge does, typically, contain
heavy metals. However, since all the sewage sludge systems with which are
involved contain heat recovery devices (typically a waste heat boiler), a
350F baghouse is all that is required to remove these trace elements.

Malcolm Lefcort
Heuristic Engineering Inc
Vancouver, BC Canada

From james at sri.org.au Mon Jun 22 02:37:48 1998
From: james at sri.org.au (James Joyce)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Bagasse gasification by PURE PYROLYSIS
Message-ID: <19980622165019james@jj_lap.sri.org.au>

> DATE: 6/21/98 Sun. 11:11 EST USA
> Ref: Internet "Gas-L Re: Bagasse" 4 Mar 1998
> From: Frederick G. McMullen, P.E.
>
> ... snip
> We would like to bring to your attention an advanced pyrolytic
> technology that can be provided immediately for successful conversion
> of bagasse to electricity. The inventors have discretely developed
> this technology over many years and have just this year received
> their International Patent coverage.

Could you please provide the Patent no. or sufficient cycle detail for
us to review your technology. SRI's fax number is listed below. We (The
Queensland Biomass Group) are currently at the pre-funding stage of a
nominal 5 MWe pilot demonstration plant to be located in one of
Queensland's sugar mills. Construction is intended to be complete
within the next 5 years (this is a requirement of the State government
funding component). The gasification technology has not yet been
chosen.

> Universities, including (1)the University of Miami, Florida,
> (2)Texas Tech, Lubbock, Texas, (3)Massachusetts Institute of
> Technology, Cambridge, Ma., (4)University of Zagreb, Croatia,
> Yugoslavia, have each reviewed and confirmed at the Ph.d level the
> mass and energy balances, process and equipment feasibility.

Could you please provide some contact details so that we can consult
with some of the individuals that conducted these reviews. I presume
they have not yet published any papers ?

> ..... This technology operates at atmospheric pressure. .....
This means the product gas must be cooled and compressed to enter a gas
turbine combustion chamber. I'm certainly interested to see the cycle,
as product gas compression would normally puts a significant dent in
efficiency, yet I calculate 100 MWh from 100 tonnes of 50% moisture
Bagasse to be around 40% efficiency .. which is quite respectable.

> ..... The gas can be introduced directly into gas turbines, boilers
or fuel cells .....
That's quite a claim. Are you suggesting that there is no external gas
cleanup ? Do you have any results from turbine tests that we could
review ?

>
> This technology has been refined to co-dispose solid and liquid
> wastes simultaneously as a single/dual fuel source while co-
> generating steam and electricty. The primary feedstocks targeted
> have been MSW and WWS, tires, petroleum wastes, contaminated soils,
> agricultural wastes and others; IE. forestry, paper mill sludges,
> paper green and black liquors, paint sludges, paunch and packing
> wastes, poultry, hog and cattle manuers have all been successfuly
> converted, to name a few.

What scale is the largest application that this technology has been
used for ? Could you please provide some contacts so we can confirm
the plant performance ourselves ?

> Bagasse from Florida, USA has been converted with excellent results
> as the process receives it "unchallenged".

What do you mean by "unchallenged" ?

Regards,

James Joyce
Engineer
Sugar Research Institute
Mackay Australia
work ph. (07) 4952 7698
intl ph. INTL + 61 7 4952 7600
intl fax INTL + 61 7 4952 1734

From graeme at powerlink.co.nz Tue Jun 23 03:39:18 1998
From: graeme at powerlink.co.nz (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re: Toxic fly ash
Message-ID: <199806230752.TAA23423@powerlink.co.nz>

>
> Date: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 01:17:35 -0400 (EDT)
> From: "Malcolm D. Lefcort" <mlefcort@compuserve.com>
> Subject: GAS-L: Toxic fly ash
>
> id TAA14851
> Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: gasification
>
> Doug Willams
>
> a) We don't supply gasifiers; we supply two-stage combustors. We have
> built and tested a two-stage wet wood gasifier.
>
> b) I know that shredded tires (known as TDF - tire derived fuel) are
> burned on a continuous
> basis in hog fuel boilers in the US Pacific Northwest. I believe that
TDF
> is burned in hog
> fuel boilers all over the US and in Canada as well. "Hog fuel" is a
> generic term for sawmill
> bark, sawdust and "hogged' solid wood waste. I installed a hammer mill
> "hog" in the
> Winstone-Samsung market pulp TMP mill in Karioi, NZ.
>
> c) We successfully burned 5 tons of RDF (refuse derived fuel) supplied
by
> the US Bureau of
> Mines in College Park, Maryland in one of our burners in North Central
> British Columbia. The RDF
> was shipped, under bond, to Prince George, British Columbia. I
personally
> cleared it through
> Canada Customs -"....why on earth do your want to import US garbage to
> Prince George?..."
> and then drove it 75 miles to our burner at a large sawmill in Engen, BC.
>
> c) Granted, chlorine from, say, PVC's can combine with cellulose
molecules
> and form dioxins
> and/or furans in our first stage of updraft gasification. However, any
> dioxin or furan molecules
> that may have formed are completely destroyed in our refractory-lined,
> double vortex,
> combustion chamber, which is located immediately above the first stage.
> We have no water
> walls in our second stage to suck heat out of the burning producer gas -
> which may contain
> these dioxins or furans - which would then tend to lock in some of the
> intermediate products of
> combustion as does happen in large, mass burning, MSW boilers.
>
> I do question your statement that:
>
> "High temperature combustion in an oxidising atmosphere fixes the dioxin
> into the fly ash, the
> same problem that inhibits the use of incinerators where the problem was
> first discovered."
>
> With respect to the fly ash part of your statement:
>
> When burning typical sawmill wood waste we meet particulate levels of 120
> mg/Nm3 or 0.052 grains/dscf (corrected to 8% oxygen by volume) straight
out
> of our 2000F stack. The rest of the ash is removed from our large first
> stage by its built-in, continuous ash discharge system.
>
>
> With respect to the "fixing" part of your statement:
>
> The fly ash to which you refer is the result of very poor combustion
taking
> place on spreader stoker or travelling grates in boilers. Unburned
> particulate matter, elutriated up off the grate (later removed in
> cyclones/baghouses/ scrubbers, etc) has to travel up through a cavernous
> boiler furnace, lined with black water walls which, as explained above,
> don't permit complete combustion of these contentious compounds. It is
> there, in the water walled furnace, where the "fixing" to which you refer
> likely takes place. No such fixing can take place in our second stage
> combustion chamber. We have no water walls.
>
> So, in answer to Q1 and Q2 - we don't take any "safety precautions... to
> dispose of the toxic
> (sic) fly ash" since we don't have any. Therefore the operator does not
> "have to apply for
> environmental approvals."
>
> Finally, in response to Q3: yes, sewage sludge does, typically, contain
> heavy metals. However, since all the sewage sludge systems with which are
> involved contain heat recovery devices (typically a waste heat boiler), a
> 350F baghouse is all that is required to remove these trace elements.
>
> Malcolm Lefcort
> Heuristic Engineering Inc
> Vancouver, BC Canada
>
Malcolm

Thanks for your clear response to my questions which should clarify for
future researchers a direction for disposing of their sludge and tyre
wastes.

Having been advised by combustion expertise (at great expense I might add)
at the tenacity of dioxin to survive H.T. combustion, one wonders at the
value of expertise you cannot question, but then that is why we have to use
consultants in the first place!

It is reassuring to have these questions answered from the horses mouth, so
to speak, as any concentrated potential toxic waste has to be accounted for
and safely contained.

Will be passing your comments on to an associate in Auckland who
specialises in environmental and energy issues. There are a number of
waste disposal projects being proposed here in New Zealand using off shore
technologies which quite frankly don't stand scrutiny. Hope something
comes out of it for you.

Thanks again for your statements.

Doug Williams
Fluidyne Gasification Ltd.

From Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com Fri Jun 26 02:38:45 1998
From: Steve.Schuck at bigpond.com (Stephen Schuck)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and Power Report- World Bank Paper
Message-ID: <06462287508798@domain2.bigpond.com>

Dear list members,

Could anyone advise from where I can order the World Bank Technical Paper
Number 296, Energy Series, Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and
Power; A Global Review, by Hubert E Stassen?

Steve Schuck
Australian Biomass Taskforce Manager

email: Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com

Web: www.users.bigpond.com/steve.schuck/ABT
7 Grassmere Road
Killara NSW 2071
Australia
Phone/fax: 61+2+9416-9246

From green_india at technologist.com Fri Jun 26 11:14:12 1998
From: green_india at technologist.com (green_india@technologist.com)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: No Subject
Message-ID: <199806261514.LAA02196@solstice.crest.org>

HAA04183; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 07:46:44 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 07:46:44 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806261146.HAA04183@web02.globecomm.net>
Content-Type: text/plain
MIME-Version: 1.0
CC: gasification@crest.org
To: REEDTB@compuserve.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: GAS-L: Analysis of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: gasification

DEAR SIR,

WE ARE TAKING THE LIBERTY OF MAILING YOU AS YOU HAVE BEEN HELPFUL IN
ANSWERING THE QUERIES AT 'CREST' NOTICEBOARDS OF PEOPLE INTERESTED IN INFO.
REGARDING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND RELATED TOPICS.

WE ARE INTERESTED IN UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH(RHA)
AS AN ADDITIVE DUE TO ITS NATURE AS A POZZOLANIC MATERIAL.

WE ARE ALSO EXPLORING VARIOUS OTHER OPTIONS FOR ITS BENEFICIAL UTILIZATION.

WE HAVE MODIFIED A FURNACE TO OPTIMIZE RICE HUSH COMBUSTION AND THE ASH WE
ARE GETTING IS ABSOLUTELY WHITE AND IN THE FORM OF CRYSTTALINE APPEARING
FLAKES.
WE HAVE TRIED MANY WAYS TO GET AN ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS DONE HERE
BUT DUE TO LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE IT IS NOT AVAILABLE.

WE ARE LOOKING FOR ANY ANALYSIS REPORT OF RHA COMPOSITION, WHICH YOU MIGHT
HAVE, OR ANY INTERNET RESOURCE WHERE WE CAN FIND IT.
ALSO WE WILL BE MOST GRATEFUL FOR ANY SUGGESTIONS AS FOR THE IDEAL
APPLICATION OF RHA.
ANY INFORMATION ON THE % ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIES ANALYSIS (e.g.
% SILICA AS SiO2 ETC.)IS NEEDED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
We will be anxiously waiting for any reply from your side.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND CONSIDERATION,

REGARDS,

M. A. MALLICK
GREEN INDIA ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS
1306, POORVANCHAL,
J.N.U. NEW DELHI - 110 067
INDIA
TEL# 0091-11-6927185,6189310,6168380
FAX# 0091-11-6822414
email: green_india@technologist.com

---------------------------------------------------
Get free personalized email at http://www.iname.com

From rcbrown at iastate.edu Fri Jun 26 11:45:01 1998
From: rcbrown at iastate.edu (Robert C Brown)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re:
In-Reply-To: <199806261514.LAA02196@solstice.crest.org>
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980626105340.006e0858@pop-3.iastate.edu>

The white color of the ash is primarily a result of potassium and
phosphorous in your rice husk. We have observed the same thing in
gasifying obsolete seed corn. When ash appears in this form at high
temperatures, it is sticky and will cause ash fouling problems. The
quantification of our ash, of course, does you very little good since it is
from a different feedstock, but maybe this qualitative information will be
useful to you.

At 11:14 AM 6/26/98 -0400, you wrote:
>HAA04183; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 07:46:44 -0400 (EDT)
>Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 07:46:44 -0400 (EDT)
>Message-Id: <199806261146.HAA04183@web02.globecomm.net>
>Content-Type: text/plain
>MIME-Version: 1.0
>CC: gasification@crest.org
>To: REEDTB@compuserve.com
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>Subject: GAS-L: Analysis of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
>Sender: owner-gasification@crest.org
>Precedence: bulk
>Reply-To: gasification
>
>
>
>DEAR SIR,
>
>WE ARE TAKING THE LIBERTY OF MAILING YOU AS YOU HAVE BEEN HELPFUL IN
>ANSWERING THE QUERIES AT 'CREST' NOTICEBOARDS OF PEOPLE INTERESTED IN INFO.
>REGARDING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND RELATED TOPICS.
>
>WE ARE INTERESTED IN UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH(RHA)
>AS AN ADDITIVE DUE TO ITS NATURE AS A POZZOLANIC MATERIAL.
>
>WE ARE ALSO EXPLORING VARIOUS OTHER OPTIONS FOR ITS BENEFICIAL UTILIZATION.
>
>WE HAVE MODIFIED A FURNACE TO OPTIMIZE RICE HUSH COMBUSTION AND THE ASH WE
>ARE GETTING IS ABSOLUTELY WHITE AND IN THE FORM OF CRYSTTALINE APPEARING
>FLAKES.
>WE HAVE TRIED MANY WAYS TO GET AN ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS DONE HERE
>BUT DUE TO LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE IT IS NOT AVAILABLE.
>
>WE ARE LOOKING FOR ANY ANALYSIS REPORT OF RHA COMPOSITION, WHICH YOU MIGHT
>HAVE, OR ANY INTERNET RESOURCE WHERE WE CAN FIND IT.
>ALSO WE WILL BE MOST GRATEFUL FOR ANY SUGGESTIONS AS FOR THE IDEAL
>APPLICATION OF RHA.
>ANY INFORMATION ON THE % ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIES ANALYSIS (e.g.
>% SILICA AS SiO2 ETC.)IS NEEDED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
>We will be anxiously waiting for any reply from your side.
>
>THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND CONSIDERATION,
>
>REGARDS,
>
>M. A. MALLICK
>GREEN INDIA ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS
>1306, POORVANCHAL,
>J.N.U. NEW DELHI - 110 067
>INDIA
>TEL# 0091-11-6927185,6189310,6168380
>FAX# 0091-11-6822414
>email: green_india@technologist.com
>
>---------------------------------------------------
>Get free personalized email at http://www.iname.com
>
>
Robert C. Brown
Iowa State University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2020 H. M. Black Bldg.
Ames, IA 50011
Tel: 515-294-8733
Fax: 515-294-3261
E-mail: rcbrown@iastate.edu
http://www.eng.iastate.edu/coe/me/homepage.html

From tmiles at teleport.com Fri Jun 26 14:46:28 1998
From: tmiles at teleport.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Quote for the Day
Message-ID: <199806261855.LAA25498@mail.easystreet.com>

Quoted from a brochure advertising a new biomass gasification technology:

"In practice, the size of any project incorporating . . . gasifiers is now
limited only by biomass availability and project economics."

This must come from the marketing department and not the technology
department. Otherwise it means that all of the technical challenges of
biomass gasification are solved, which I'm sure is news to most people on
this list.

Tom Miles

From kjwhiting at easynet.co.uk Sun Jun 28 09:52:13 1998
From: kjwhiting at easynet.co.uk (kevin j. whiting)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Gasification of Solid Wastes
Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.19980628150331.00694754@easynet.co.uk>

Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd, a UK based business consultancy has
published a major report entitled:

"The Market for Pyrolysis & Gasification of Solid Waste: A Technical &
Business Review"

The report covers 22 technologies in around 200 pages with 174 figures and
tables and includes an assessment of the market potential for such
technologies in Europe.

More information can be obtained directly from Juniper:

Telephone: +44 1453 860750
Telefax: +44 1453 860882
Email: ask@juniper.co.uk
Website: http:\www.juniper.co.uk\pyroflyr.htm

From mayedo at ket.kth.se Mon Jun 29 11:12:16 1998
From: mayedo at ket.kth.se (Aramis Mayedo)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re:
Message-ID: <22779AF418C@kemitek.ket.kth.se>

Dears members:
I am interested about the effects of amounts of cloro in the
composition of the biomass. Does exist any modern tecnique to
minimize the corrosion due to the presence of cloro? I will appreciate any information about
this topic.
regards
Aramis

From 146942 at classic.msn.com Mon Jun 29 16:54:52 1998
From: 146942 at classic.msn.com (skip goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re:
Message-ID: <UPMAIL01.199806292102430833@classic.msn.com>

HI
i am familiar with a similar problem...corrosive action of burning walnut wood
in furnaces that are structured with red iron. a good solution was to use
''cerablanket'' which is the trade name of some great refractory. cover the
metal with this cloth, then spray liberal amounts of hardner on it. this
seems to work, and i suspect that in lower temp regions of your furnace, the
oxidation will slow to a minimum.
funny, but despite what all the ''educated types'' say, that bio gass stuff
really eats up an internal combustion engine. probably due to those chloro's
and other oxidation going after the carbon and sulfur in the lubrication??
in the real world, steam seems to be the answer as furnaces are easier to
control, but then, i am bias towards steam anyways.

skip goebel
sensible steam consultants
152 von goebels lane
branson, mo 65616 417 336 2869 www.geocities.com/researchtriangle/6362

From mayedo at ket.kth.se Tue Jun 30 04:02:18 1998
From: mayedo at ket.kth.se (Aramis Mayedo)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:07:38 2004
Subject: GAS-L: Re:
Message-ID: <2384ED80D04@kemitek.ket.kth.se>

Hi:
Thanks. So its seem that the solution is more physic than chemist.
Are there any catalytic proccess that reduces the corrosion?
regards
Aramis

BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

June 1998 Gasification Archive