BioEnergy Lists: Gasifiers & Gasification

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August 2003 Gasification Archive

For more messages see our 1996-2004 Gasification Discussion List Archives.

From tmiles at TRMILES.COM Thu Aug 7 15:27:04 2003
From: tmiles at TRMILES.COM (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:27 2004
Subject: Coconut Shell Pyrolysis and Gasification
Message-ID: <THU.7.AUG.2003.122704.0700.TMILES@TRMILES.COM>

From mwsys at SLT.LK Sun Aug 17 06:06:35 2003
From: mwsys at SLT.LK (MINI WELL SYSTEMS [PVT] LTD)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Curiosity that killed the cat
Message-ID: <SUN.17.AUG.2003.160635.0600.MWSYS@SLT.LK>

Dear List members,:

I joined the list out of curiosity.
Over a period this became of interest as it seemed to open business
opportnities.

The first thing was then to know something about the subject.

So in addition to the background reading,
I bought myself a gasifier from a person who claimed to know all about it.

The gasifier was said to be about 50KW thermal.
I knew no way of checking this but the vendor demonstrated the gasifier by
throwing a impressive flame at the end of the gas delivery pipe.

However, when I installed it for drying copra
I found there was not enough energy for my purpose.
So I did a rough measurement by boling some water ,
and found the energy value to be under 15 KW/H.
So I decided to look at the insides.

It had a 4 inch throat cast out of some clay or ceramic material about 4
inches long.
This had already started crumbling at the top edges
and Air was being blown at the top of the throat.
The pyrolisis zone and the entire hopper was coated with tar.
There was virtually no char in or at the bottom of the throat

I replaced the throat with a stainless steel tube of about 15 inches long.
On firing it again I got a much better and steady flame and
had no problem for about 6 hours until the hopper was almoast empty.
When we opened the hopper, the throat was full of char and glowing.

Can anybody tell me what was wrong with the original "gasifier"

Was it gasifying or was it just burning the wood as in a furnace.

How does blowing a air at the top of the throat
reconcile with limited air for gasification

It would have caused a lot of aggravation if went back to the vendor
and highly unlikely I would have got my money back as this was an
informal transaction.

Hope somebody will let me know the basics to look for and do. or not to do

Regards

Tharu

 

V.Tharumaratnam
2A/98 Shantha Place
Kotalawela
Kaduwela

Tel 01-539108

From LINVENT at AOL.COM Sun Aug 17 11:22:52 2003
From: LINVENT at AOL.COM (LINVENT@AOL.COM)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Curiosity that killed the cat
Message-ID: <SUN.17.AUG.2003.112252.EDT.>

In a message dated 8/17/03 4:27:35 AM, mwsys@SLT.LK writes:

<< Dear List members,:

I joined the list out of curiosity.
Over a period this became of interest as it seemed to open business
opportnities.

The first thing was then to know something about the subject.

So in addition to the background reading,
I bought myself a gasifier from a person who claimed to know all about it.

The gasifier was said to be about 50KW thermal.
I knew no way of checking this but the vendor demonstrated the gasifier by
throwing a impressive flame at the end of the gas delivery pipe.

However, when I installed it for drying copra
I found there was not enough energy for my purpose.
So I did a rough measurement by boling some water ,
and found the energy value to be under 15 KW/H.
So I decided to look at the insides.

It had a 4 inch throat cast out of some clay or ceramic material about 4
inches long.
This had already started crumbling at the top edges
and Air was being blown at the top of the throat.
The pyrolisis zone and the entire hopper was coated with tar.
There was virtually no char in or at the bottom of the throat

I replaced the throat with a stainless steel tube of about 15 inches long.
On firing it again I got a much better and steady flame and
had no problem for about 6 hours until the hopper was almoast empty.
When we opened the hopper, the throat was full of char and glowing.

Can anybody tell me what was wrong with the original "gasifier"

Was it gasifying or was it just burning the wood as in a furnace.

How does blowing a air at the top of the throat
reconcile with limited air for gasification

It would have caused a lot of aggravation if went back to the vendor
and highly unlikely I would have got my money back as this was an
informal transaction.

Hope somebody will let me know the basics to look for and do. or not to do

Regards

Tharu

 

V.Tharumaratnam
2A/98 Shantha Place
Kotalawela
Kaduwela

Tel 01-539108 >>

Welcome to the world of gasification. The materials and thermal issues which
you discovered were indeed difficulties which had not been solved well or
would stand up for time. Do not feel too bad as even the $30mm gasifiers have
suffered the same problems. A UK system was operated for 8 hours and the company
filed bankruptcy, a San Diego USA flash pyrolysis system built by a major oil
company operated for 8 hours and was scrapped, an Italian large engineering
company build a $5mm+ 1MWe biomass/engine operation gasifier and started in 1998
and it has not yet been fully commissioned as they cannot get the engine to
operate right for more than 40 hours before the valves start clattering from
carbon build-up.
By the way, stainless typically will not stand up under full gasification
temperatures. The H2 and CO tends to erode it and it disintegrates. In our
gasifier, we have destroyed inconel which is supposed to be good for 2200?F, but
have come up with a manner of coating it which extends it's lifetime. We ran
at 2600?F and the physical structure is still in place.
Gasification may be a holy grail, but it has lots of thorns around it.

Leland T. Taylor
President
Thermogenics Inc.
7100-F 2nd St. NW Albuquerque, New Mexico USA 87107 Phone: 505-761-5633, fax:
341-0424, website: thermogenics.com.
In order to read the compressed files forwarded under AOL, it is necessary to
download Aladdin's freeware Unstuffit at
http://www.stuffit.com/expander/index.html

From arnt at C2I.NET Sun Aug 17 11:43:26 2003
From: arnt at C2I.NET (Arnt Karlsen)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Curiosity that killed the cat
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.16.20030817160512.2b5fbcfe@slt.lk>
Message-ID: <SUN.17.AUG.2003.174326.0200.ARNT@C2I.NET>

On Sun, 17 Aug 2003 16:06:35 +0600,
"MINI WELL SYSTEMS [PVT] LTD" <mwsys@SLT.LK> wrote in message
<1.5.4.16.20030817160512.2b5fbcfe@slt.lk>:

> Dear List members,:
>
> I joined the list out of curiosity.
> Over a period this became of interest as it seemed to open business
> opportnities.
>
> The first thing was then to know something about the subject.
>
> So in addition to the background reading,
> I bought myself a gasifier from a person who claimed to know all about
> it.
>
> The gasifier was said to be about 50KW thermal.
> I knew no way of checking this but the vendor demonstrated the
> gasifier by throwing a impressive flame at the end of the gas delivery
> pipe.
>
> However, when I installed it for drying copra

..data on your copra?

> I found there was not enough energy for my purpose.
> So I did a rough measurement by boling some water ,
> and found the energy value to be under 15 KW/H.

..boiled, how? Piping coil in some furnace chamber?

> So I decided to look at the insides.
>
> It had a 4 inch throat cast out of some clay or ceramic material about

..clay??? Were you supposed to burn it insitu, or
_was_ it burnt? Grey or red? How long did it last?

> 4 inches long.
> This had already started crumbling at the top edges
> and Air was being blown at the top of the throat.
> The pyrolisis zone and the entire hopper was coated with tar.
> There was virtually no char in or at the bottom of the throat

..does it look anywhere close to like this?:
http://crest.org/discussion/gasification/199903/msg00055.html

> I replaced the throat with a stainless steel tube of about 15 inches

..chances are you'll find mild steel, or even hitemp steels
more cost effective.

> long. On firing it again I got a much better and steady flame and
> had no problem for about 6 hours until the hopper was almoast empty.
> When we opened the hopper, the throat was full of char and glowing.
>
> Can anybody tell me what was wrong with the original "gasifier"

..a figure of it, would help a _lot_.

> Was it gasifying or was it just burning the wood as in a furnace.
>
> How does blowing a air at the top of the throat
> reconcile with limited air for gasification

..url to a figure, or pictures of it?

> It would have caused a lot of aggravation if went back to the vendor
> and highly unlikely I would have got my money back as this was an
> informal transaction.

..sound like it has. Unless you kept all the original parts, and used
it as your vendor told you to, he might have a right to keep your money.

> Hope somebody will let me know the basics to look for and do. or not
> to do
>
> Regards
>
> Tharu
>
>
>
> V.Tharumaratnam
> 2A/98 Shantha Place
> Kotalawela
> Kaduwela
>
> Tel 01-539108
>

--
..med vennlig hilsen = with Kind Regards from Arnt... ;-)
...with a number of polar bear hunters in his ancestry...
Scenarios always come in sets of three:
best case, worst case, and just in case.

From snkm at BTL.NET Sun Aug 17 20:04:30 2003
From: snkm at BTL.NET (Peter Singfield)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Curiosity that killed the cat
Message-ID: <SUN.17.AUG.2003.180430.0600.SNKM@BTL.NET>

Dear Tharu;

I operate a "micro" virgin -- cold pressed -- coconut oil operation.

I use a long flat plate heat exchanger -- furnace -- to dry the fresh
"gratings" from fresh ripe coconuts.

Actually -- the entire process is well demonstrated at:

http://www.turneffecoconut.com

The fuel is coconut shell -- of which we have sufficient abundance -- as by
product -- for all out needs -- with surplus at the ends of the day!

I have to questions for you.

1st:

"Copra" is extracted whole coconuts that have been split and well dried.

Yet you mention:

>However, when I installed it for drying copra

I can see heating copra for better press extraction -- but further drying??

2nd:

What exactly is the fuel you are using?? Coconut shell??

If that be the case -- coconut shell is such a wonderful fuel as is -- easy
to build any stove/furnace to use this. Why bother with gasifying as a heat
source??

It would be interesting to gasify to dual fuel a diesel power plant --

But I have found that used engine oil is very economical -- all kinds of it
available -- and it fuels my old style lister diesel bought from India with
far less problems that gasification and duel fueling.

My house and small micro-factory uses a total of 10 kwh per day of
electrical power.

At present I have enough old engine oil in one large cistern --
settling/purifying -- to meet my entire energy needs for the next ten years!

And plan to install a few more cisterns to fill in the near future.

Granted -- used engine oil may not be as excellent a fuel as fuel grade
diesel -- but it is still much better than "wood-gas".

All this is secondary to your gasifier operation -- but might be something
to consider for drying copra --

As used engine oil also makes a wonderful furnace fuel.

However -- my experience in drying fresh (very wet) coconut is that the
shell by-product is more than sufficient fuel for the drying.

I also operate a micro sugar cane operation -- and am ending up with more
bagasse than the processing can use!

Again -- using direct combustion -- in a furnace.

I am sorely tempted to attach a condenser to the cane juice boiling pan --

The condenser using butane as working fluid. The butane taking up the heat
of condensing -- boiling -- then circulating through a coil in the chimney
(super-heating greatly) and then driving one of my spare old Listers that
has been converted to a vapor cycle engine.

This will then supply "free" electrical power during micro-plant operation.

And I will still have much less problems -- much less costs -- that making
wood gas to dual fuel that same diesel!!

Many ways to skin this energy cat -- eh Arnt??

And I'll do it -- step by step -- watch and see!

And one last point of interest --

I am using a small (35 liters per hour) ASOKA oil expressor -- that is made
in Sri Lanka. I bought directly from the maker -- using WWW only. Their
Email address ends:

*****@sltnet.lk

Yours ends:

@slt.lk

I take this to mean you are posting from Sri Lanka??

If so -- welcome to this minor global mail list!!

It is 6:00 PM here -- I hear the flock of wild parrots coming in to feed on
the avacados now.

Peter Singfield, Belize, Central America.

At 04:06 PM 8/17/2003 +0600, MINI WELL SYSTEMS [PVT] LTD wrote:
>Dear List members,:
>
>I joined the list out of curiosity.
>Over a period this became of interest as it seemed to open business
>opportnities.
>
>The first thing was then to know something about the subject.
>
>So in addition to the background reading,
>I bought myself a gasifier from a person who claimed to know all about it.
>
>The gasifier was said to be about 50KW thermal.
>I knew no way of checking this but the vendor demonstrated the gasifier by
>throwing a impressive flame at the end of the gas delivery pipe.
>
>However, when I installed it for drying copra
>I found there was not enough energy for my purpose.
>So I did a rough measurement by boling some water ,
>and found the energy value to be under 15 KW/H.
>So I decided to look at the insides.
>
>It had a 4 inch throat cast out of some clay or ceramic material about 4
>inches long.
>This had already started crumbling at the top edges
>and Air was being blown at the top of the throat.
>The pyrolisis zone and the entire hopper was coated with tar.
>There was virtually no char in or at the bottom of the throat
>
>I replaced the throat with a stainless steel tube of about 15 inches long.
>On firing it again I got a much better and steady flame and
>had no problem for about 6 hours until the hopper was almoast empty.
>When we opened the hopper, the throat was full of char and glowing.
>
>Can anybody tell me what was wrong with the original "gasifier"
>
>Was it gasifying or was it just burning the wood as in a furnace.
>
>How does blowing a air at the top of the throat
>reconcile with limited air for gasification
>
>It would have caused a lot of aggravation if went back to the vendor
>and highly unlikely I would have got my money back as this was an
>informal transaction.
>
>Hope somebody will let me know the basics to look for and do. or not to do
>
>Regards
>
>Tharu
>
>
>
>V.Tharumaratnam
>2A/98 Shantha Place
>Kotalawela
>Kaduwela
>
>Tel 01-539108
>

From sensiblesteam at AOL.COM Wed Aug 27 18:01:42 2003
From: sensiblesteam at AOL.COM (Skip Goebel)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: new project
Message-ID: <WED.27.AUG.2003.180142.0400.SENSIBLESTEAM@AOL.COM>

well, its been awhile
however, i have been working on a private venture.
typical of the perpetual motion crowd, who finallly hires someone to try
and make things work, it has been fun here in the middle of nowwhere,
montana!
anyhow, i got some pics of this digester which is just about done.
the idea of this one is to go updraft, do 20,000lbs of unhogged (whole log)
wood, and produce methanol. i have come up with a water capture system,
and a lot of parts are disposable and cheap instead of trying to go the so
called right-way of building things. it actually makes since on this one.
sorry i am rambling......
the pics say a lot more anyhow and at 50 cents a minute for computer time
(kinkos) i am trying to say too much.
pay attention to the venturi system....
email for pics.... sensiblesteam@aol.com

skip goebel
..............so how do you post pics to this board?

From tmiles at TRMILES.COM Wed Aug 27 21:36:28 2003
From: tmiles at TRMILES.COM (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: new project
Message-ID: <WED.27.AUG.2003.213628.0400.TMILES@TRMILES.COM>

Skip,

Email the pictures to me at tmiles@trmiles.com and I'll put them up. Please
include a description of the pics so that I can put them onto a page.

Thanks

Tom Miles

From ventfory at IAFRICA.COM Thu Aug 28 04:22:12 2003
From: ventfory at IAFRICA.COM (Kobus)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Fw: Holey briquette gasifying stove
Message-ID: <THU.28.AUG.2003.102212.0200.VENTFORY@IAFRICA.COM>

Good day to all,

We (Richard Stanley and myself) would just like to inform the gasification list of our holey briquette gasifier/stove report which is available to view on the stove page http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/ .

Any comments or observations would be most welcome.

Kind regards

Kobus Venter
Venter Forestry Services
South Africa

(P.S. You may also want to look up our names on the stove page to learn more about us and the line of work we are in - Thanks - KV)

----- Original Message -----
From: Kobus
To: stoves@listserv.repp.org
Sent: Monday, August 25, 2003 10:53 AM
Subject: Holey briquette gasifying stove

Greetings to all stovers

Please visit the stove pages to view our holey briquette gasifier report and accompanying diagram (We really owe Tom a sincere thanks for his help in putting it up). http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/

This report is open to anyone interested to comment and replicate for their own testing and feedback. The stove design will ultimately revolve around the physical shape and blend of the briquette that is being used and would have to be altered somewhat to suite other types of briquettes. We are not looking into the continuous feed aspect for now, nor is the top pot holder being pursued in depth at this time but these are considerations for the future once we get the "gasification-only" design established and fully tested.

Once we get started on working prototypes we will send pictures and progress reports to the list for comment as well. We apologise for the lack of pictures at this point.

Further details can be obtained from the report or from Richard Stanley rstanley@legacyfound.org

Regards

Kobus Venter

From luizmagri at YAHOO.COM Thu Aug 28 07:36:31 2003
From: luizmagri at YAHOO.COM (Luiz Alberto Magri)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: High temperature Diesel cycle
In-Reply-To: <LISTSERV%2003082721362822@LISTSERV.REPP.ORG>
Message-ID: <THU.28.AUG.2003.043631.0700.LUIZMAGRI@YAHOO.COM>

Hi list,

I was just wondering why have I never seen in this
list any mention to the high temperature Diesel cycle
coupled to a gasifier source.

As far as I know, this engine internals will be made
up of ceramics at certain critical points (eg piston
heads) so that it is able to work under low cooling =
higher temperature = higher efficiency as well.

I guess it would be less affected by tars deposits?

Actually it seems this engine has never been scaled up
into commercial production, maybe because of low
reliability regarding rupture failures.

Luiz Magri
São Paulo

--- Tom Miles <tmiles@TRMILES.COM> wrote:
> Skip,
>
> Email the pictures to me at tmiles@trmiles.com and
> I'll put them up. Please
> include a description of the pics so that I can put
> them onto a page.
>
> Thanks
>
> Tom Miles

__________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software
http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com

From graeme at POWERLINK.CO.NZ Thu Aug 28 23:31:49 2003
From: graeme at POWERLINK.CO.NZ (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: High temperature Diesel cycle
Message-ID: <FRI.29.AUG.2003.153149.1200.GRAEME@POWERLINK.CO.NZ>

Dear Luiz

As a technology that hasn't yet been made commercial, ceramic engines are
hardly an option for diesel yet, let alone gasification. Clearly you have
some questions relating to the use of gas in these engines if such were
possible, and I will answer them from my perspective of gasified diesel
engines.

The very fact that these engines operate at high temperature would create a
major problem for producer gas. Even in a standard diesel engine where the
compression ratios of 16:1 are most common, the compression temperatures are
somewhere around 600+ degrees C. At this temperature we are very close to
the spontaneous ignition temperature of the producer gas, so dealing with a
hotter engine is likely to create premature ignition of the gas. This
wouldn't happen with the diesel because it is introduced to just compressed
air, so even if we did have such an engine, our dual fuel replacement gas
wouldn't be as efficient as a standard engine.

Ceramic pistons would be no better at dealing with tar than the austentic
crowns found on pistons in quality engines. These two piece pistons solve
the problem of ring groove flogging found in the top two rings of one piece
aluminium pistons. Tar in itself is an excellent fuel if you can get it
passed the valve stems which make them sticky and blocking the manifold on
its way into the engine.

The last time I heard of these ceramic engines was in Winnipeg Canada, where
I think it was Union Carbide had built a complete facility next to the power
station at Selkirk. This was in August 2000 and the facility had been closed
down for reasons unknown. We actually had the option to take over this
facility, or at least the buildings, because they have a mountain of
sulphorous coal next to the power station which couldn't be used, forcing it
to be converted to natural gas. It could be that the loss of cheap coal
power from the station forced the closure of the facility, but maybe
somebody else can comment on that.

Hope this helps.
Doug Williams
Fluidyne Gasification.

From graeme at POWERLINK.CO.NZ Thu Aug 28 23:55:53 2003
From: graeme at POWERLINK.CO.NZ (Graeme Williams)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: Curiosity that killed the cat
Message-ID: <FRI.29.AUG.2003.155553.1200.GRAEME@POWERLINK.CO.NZ>

Dear Tharu

My apologies for not responding to your enquiry at the time of posting as I
have just returned from four weeks in Europe. Possibly you have received
private e-mails on the subject but as there are none on the list here
specific to your questions, I hope the following will assist you to
understand your gasifier.

One of the easiest ways to measure the output of the gasifier is to measure
the fuel you are gasifying, deduct the residue from the ashbox and you will
have a thermal measurement, which will be close enough for the circumstances
of your situation. You will find these tables on the Fluidyne archive
www.fluidynenz.250x.com

The first thing you must never do to any gasifier is to operate the system
to a point where the fuel drops below the incoming air. Clearly in your
case this has taken the incandescent charcoal of the oxidation zone onto the
top of the throat causing excessive heat stress, and continued to burn down
into the throat until all the char was consumed.

On your second test after lengthening and replacing the throat material, the
reduction zone which exists from the top of the throat to the bottom of the
tube or grate, was clearly more stable than the original dimension of 4
inches. The behaviour of the reduction zone is relevant to the fuel
particle size and the way that the fuel gasifiers as it breaks down in the
gasification process. Different woods depending on whether they are hard or
soft, have to be cut to the right size, but where you have only one fuel
type it is possible to tune your gasifier throat to an appropriate length
for the best performance. The other thing that could have caused heat
stress to the top of the throat is the size of the fuel which may have been
too large and if it was a hard wood allowed the oxidation zone to grow and
cover the throat area. The tar found in the hopper is consistent with that
found in any gasifier of this type, and isn't a problem unless it sticks all
the wood together that might be in the hopper when you shut down for the
day. You should always stop the gasifier when the wood is just above (6
inches) the air inlet.

The fact that you were able the burn the gas coming out of the gasifier does
mean that you have a gasifier that gasifies the fuel you used, because if it
only burned the wood as in a furnace, you would only have CO2 coming out and
that won't ignite. Starved air supply only means less air than needed to
totally consume the wood as in combustion.

Kindest Regards
Doug Williams.
Fluidyne Gasification.

From luizmagri at YAHOO.COM Fri Aug 29 07:49:51 2003
From: luizmagri at YAHOO.COM (Luiz Alberto Magri)
Date: Tue Aug 10 18:24:28 2004
Subject: High temperature Diesel cycle
In-Reply-To: <002301c36de1$d9b51ba0$f7ff58db@newpc>
Message-ID: <FRI.29.AUG.2003.044951.0700.LUIZMAGRI@YAHOO.COM>

Dear Doug,

Thank you for the reply. I did had the feeling that
higher temperatures would help with sticking but maybe
not for this kind of engine. I appreciate very much
your hint regarding the using of tar as fuel when it
is possible to push it into the chamber.

Best regards,

Luiz Magri
São Paulo

--- Graeme Williams <graeme@powerlink.co.nz> wrote:
> Dear Luiz
>
> As a technology that hasn't yet been made
> commercial, ceramic engines are
> hardly an option for diesel yet, let alone
> gasification. Clearly you have
> some questions relating to the use of gas in these
> engines if such were
> possible, and I will answer them from my perspective
> of gasified diesel
> engines.
>
> The very fact that these engines operate at high
> temperature would create a
> major problem for producer gas. Even in a standard
> diesel engine where the
> compression ratios of 16:1 are most common, the
> compression temperatures are
> somewhere around 600+ degrees C. At this
> temperature we are very close to
> the spontaneous ignition temperature of the producer
> gas, so dealing with a
> hotter engine is likely to create premature ignition
> of the gas. This
> wouldn't happen with the diesel because it is
> introduced to just compressed
> air, so even if we did have such an engine, our dual
> fuel replacement gas
> wouldn't be as efficient as a standard engine.
>
> Ceramic pistons would be no better at dealing with
> tar than the austentic
> crowns found on pistons in quality engines. These
> two piece pistons solve
> the problem of ring groove flogging found in the top
> two rings of one piece
> aluminium pistons. Tar in itself is an excellent
> fuel if you can get it
> passed the valve stems which make them sticky and
> blocking the manifold on
> its way into the engine.
>
> The last time I heard of these ceramic engines was
> in Winnipeg Canada, where
> I think it was Union Carbide had built a complete
> facility next to the power
> station at Selkirk. This was in August 2000 and the
> facility had been closed
> down for reasons unknown. We actually had the
> option to take over this
> facility, or at least the buildings, because they
> have a mountain of
> sulphorous coal next to the power station which
> couldn't be used, forcing it
> to be converted to natural gas. It could be that
> the loss of cheap coal
> power from the station forced the closure of the
> facility, but maybe
> somebody else can comment on that.
>
> Hope this helps.
> Doug Williams
> Fluidyne Gasification.
>

__________________________________
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Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software
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