May 2001 Gasification Archive

For more information to help people develop better stoves for cooking with biomass fuels in developing regions, please see our web site: http://www.bioenergylists.org

From rmiranda at sdnnic.org.ni Sat May 5 16:35:52 2001
From: rmiranda at sdnnic.org.ni (Rogerio Miranda)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: congresso bioenergia, Bioenergy congress
Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.20010505143452.00f88a60@205.218.248.130>

CALL FOR PAPERS
1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMASS FOR METAL PRODUCTION & ELECTRICITY
GENERATION

Experts and authorities from various international and Brazilian
organizations, universities, industries, companies and research centers
will discuss the applications of wood and other biomass material
technologies and processes, towards self-sustainable production of metals,
materials from by-products of carbonization, and electricity.

Congress and Exhibition Center Belo Horizonte - Brazil 8 - 11 October 2001
w w w . i s s b r a z i l . o r g

1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMASS FOR METAL PRODUCTION

&

ELECTRICITY GENERATION

HOW TO PREPARE THE ABSTRACT AND THE FINAL PAPER:

Papers will be presented in oral and poster sections and all accepted
papers will be published in the electronic digitalized form (CD). Books
should be ordered in advance if desirable by the subscriber. Authors
wishing to submit a contribution should read the following instructions
carefully and send an abstract in digitalized form (by e-mail or 31/2 flop
disk or CD) to :

1st. Int’l Cong. On Biomass for Metal Production & Electricity

Home Page:www.issbrazil.org

E-Mails rsampa@prover.com.br

ronaldo@issbrazil.org

Or to the address:

Iron and Steel Society—Brazilian Section

Rua Ribeiro Junqueira, 161—

Zip: 30.315-210— Belo Horizonte, MG—Brazil

Telefax (+55 31) 32253472)

If you are interested in presenting a paper on any of the topics listed
here, please e-mail: (1) your name and title; (2) your co-authors’ names
and titles; (3) your affiliation and address, telephone, fax numbers, and
e-mail address; (4) the title of you paper; and (5) an abstract of not more
than 250 words outlining the purpose, application, results and conclusions
of your paper.

Deadline for receipt of abstracts: May 5th. 2001 and final written version
on August 15th. 2001.

TOPICS TO BE ADDRESSED

· INTRODUCTION SECTION:

Business Opportunities with the Utilization of Biomass in the Iron, Steel,
Ferro-Alloys and Electricity Production Industry in Brazil; Acid Rain
Reduction and Global Warming Mitigation as well as CDM and other
certificates and related subjects; The Current Brazilian Biomass Based
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys Industries.

· BIOMASS SECTION:

Harvesting Cultivated Wood and Wood Waste Collection, Processing and
Handling Biomass for Metals and Energy Production; Management of Biomass
Sources for Charcoal and Energy Production;

· BIOMASS CARBONIZATION SECTION:

Wood and Biomass Conversion to Charcoal. Carbonization Technologies,
Carbonization Processes, Operational Practices, Charcoal Quality and
Properties.

· BIOMASS CARBONIZATION BY PRODUCTS SECTION:

Transforming charcoal fumes, bio-tar into energy applications, wood vinegar
for natural and organic farming, bio-oils, bio-pitches; fine chemistry
products ( bio-degradable plastics, smoke flavors, bio-resins, etc.)

· METALLURGICAL SECTION:

Iron & Steel Sub Section and Ferro-Alloys Sub section

Metallic Oxides Reduction with Charcoal and Wood Oils (High purity Iron
Making, Steel, High Purity Metallic Silicon, Ferro-Alloys (Fe-Si, Si,
Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr, Fe-Mn, Calcium Carbide, Silicon Carbide, and others.)

· ELECTRICITY FROM BIOMASS SECTION:

Cultivated Wood, Wood-Tar, Biomass Wastes, Gases from Blast Furnaces and
Ferro-Alloys Furnaces and Charcoal Biomass Waste Conversion to Electricity.

· TECHNICAL VISITS TO CARBONIZATION PLANTS, IRONMAKING AND
STEELMAKING MILLS AND FERRO-ALLOY PLANTS.

CONGRESS ADDRESS

It is our great pleasure to invite you to the 1st INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS ON BIOMASS FOR METAL PRODUCTION & ELECTRICITY GENERATION to be
held in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil from 8 to 11 October
2001.

This congress is conceived to be the major technical forum and
business meeting to enhance the self-sustainability capacity of the
cultivated biomass uses to produce materials for the. The Brazilian
Charcoal, Iron, Steel, Ferro-Alloys and Thermal Utility Industries based on
cultivated biomass and biomass wastes will be its main focus as well as
their equivalent overseas activities.

Various international and Brazilian companies, organizations,
universities and research centers will also participate in the conference,
especially the ones dealing with applications of wood and other biomass
material technologies and processes, towards self-sustainable development
for the production of metals and electricity. The state of the art of this
industry and future challenges will be addressed and discussed among world
experts present at the conference.

The enormous implications of the planted biomass based metal
industries towards the acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming and
mitigation will be one of the topics discussed. And also ways and means to
make them permanently self-sustainable and highly competitive associated to
real examples.

Technical visits will be done in some major companies that are
self-sustainable and certified as being environmentally and socially
beneficial for the living creatures of the eco-system they are part of.

PROGRAMME

The four-day congress will comprise:

8th. October: opening section - four plenary lectures in the evening. They
are related to the state of the art of the Brazilian dedicated crops to
produce charcoal and wood-oils; The Brazilian efforts towards reduction of
CO2 and SO2 emissions and oxygen consumption; opportunities for investments
in the Brazilian dedicated crops to produce energy and primary metals from
charcoal as a reducing agent.

9th. & 10th. October: those days will be fully dedicated to technical
sections (40 technical papers/day + poster sections) related to the topics
suggested in the subjects.

11th. October: it will be technical visits to: dedicated crops for wood
harvesting and charcoal making facilities; visits to charcoal based mini
blast furnaces; visits to Ferro-alloys industries, and a fully integrated
steel-making plant.

Oral and poster presentations of specific research, development,
demonstration and commercial projects; exhibition of biomass products,
utilization and conversion technologies; scientific tours, exhibition
center and a social program. In addition, workshops on specific issues
related to biomass conversion to charcoal, operation and practice of
producing hot metal in mini blast furnaces, etc.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Rogério Carneiro de Miranda
Director, Proyecto de modernización
del uso de la leña y producción forestal
PROLEÑA/PL-480/USAID
Apartado Postal C-321
Managua, Nicaragua
TELEFAX (505) 249 0116
EMAIL: rmiranda@sdnnic.org.ni
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

-
Stoves List Archives and Website:
http://www.crest.org/discussion/stoves/current/
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Stoves.html

Stoves List Moderators:
Ron Larson, ronallarson@qwest.net
Alex English, english@adan.kingston.net

Sponsor the Stoves List: http://www.crest.org/discuss3.html
-
Other Biomass Stoves Events and Information:
http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/bioam/
http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/biomass-info/
http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/biomass-info/carbon.shtml

For information about CHAMBERS STOVES
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Chamber.htm

From tmiles at trmiles.com Sat May 5 21:21:16 2001
From: tmiles at trmiles.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Thomas R. Miles Award for Excellence in Bioenergy
Message-ID: <4.3.2.7.2.20010505181919.023a04b0@mail.easystreet.com>

The Thomas R. Miles Award for Excellence in BioEnergy will presented at
the Fifth Biomass Conference of the Americas to be held in Orlando,
Florida, September 17-21.

This award will be the second in a series to be given in honor of Thomas
R. Miles, Sr. who exemplified excellence in the field of bioenergy and
provided invaluable service to the biomass energy industry of the United
States.

Thomas R. Miles, Sr. was a registered industrial and mechanical engineer
with an avid interest in the forest products industry and biomass energy
in particular. His expertise covered a range of technologies including
biomass residue collection and processing systems, as well as direct
combustion, gasification and pyrolysis processes. An inexhaustible design
engineer and trouble-shooter, Miles also contributed to a new
understanding of the role alkali materials play in fouling and slagging
of combustion systems, and researched innovative new ways to mitigate
such problems. Over the course of his career, Miles completed over 700
projects in the wood products, food, agricultural and energy industries
and was awarded 20 patents. He was a founding member, president and
director of the Consulting Engineers Council of Oregon. In 1960, he
received the Council's award for outstanding services, and in 1968 was
awarded its Engineering Excellence of Design Award. In 1994, he received
the First Annual Award for Preeminent Contributions to Biomass Energy
from the Biomass Energy Research Association.

This award honors and recognizes individuals who have made important
contributions and distinguished themselves by providing services of
excellence in the field of bioenergy and to the biomass energy industry.
The award consists of a cash award and a Thomas R. Miles Sr. Award for
Excellence in BioEnergy inscribed plaque. Molly Miles will present the
award at the Fifth Biomass Conference of the Americas.

The criteria used for selecting the award winner consist of the
following:

- Type of services provided to the biomass energy industry

- Length of service provided (length of career)

- Original contributions made in the area of biomass energy

- Extent to which the provided services and contributions have benefited
the biomass energy industry.

Nominations for the Thomas R. Miles Award are being solicited widely to
the biomass and bioenergy community. Nominations are to be received by
Tom Milne no later than July 17, 2001.

Thomas A. Milne
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Blvd., MS-3322
Golden, CO 80401-3393
Phone: 303-674-2811
Phone: 303-384-6245
Fax: 303-384-6363
E-mail: thomas_milne@nrel.gov

Other awards at the Fifth Biomass Conference of the Americas
include:

Technical Poster Award for

·       Visual
quality in conveying the message
·       Message
clarity
·       Impact
and relevance of the message
·       Artistic
innovation in presenting the message

and

Biomass Amateur Photography Contest

The Fifth Biomass Conference of the Americas will feature an Amateur
Photography Contest to recognize and reward artistic ability in
photographs that depict biomass and bioenergy. Suggested categories
include but are not limited to: technical subjects, scenic subjects,
business development, utilization, and biomass pioneers.

See details at the conference website:
http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/bioam/Contests.htm
Thomas R
Miles          tmiles@trmiles.com
T R Miles,
TCI                  Tel
503-292-0107
1470 SW Woodward Way    Fax
503-292-2919
Portland, OR 97225 USA

From elk at wananchi.com Sun May 6 09:21:02 2001
From: elk at wananchi.com (elk)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
Message-ID: <002701c0d62e$90706aa0$7f41083e@pentium333>

We ran and replicated a cooking comparison trial a couple
days ago:

Equipment:

- 750 gm each of regular hardwood lump charcoal and my vendors
waste briquettes (VWB)

- 2 identical ceramic lined 'improved jikos'; small
open-topped charcoal stoves

- 2 open 2.5 litre cap'y alu pots- no lids. Two litres of
water in each

- gap between pots and charcoal equal for both fuels at 3.5
cm.

Results:

- Lumpwood charcoal burn duration 1 hr. 44 min, water
evap. loss 1620 grams, residual ash 60 gm (8%)

- VWB burn duration 2 hr 15 min, water evap. loss 1820 grams,
residual ash 222 grams (30%)

Interpretation:

It seems that the 22% higher ash content of VWB prolonged the
burn time by 25% evaporating 11% more water.

Cooking equipment being equal, it's apparent that rate of
energy release is as important as total energy delivered, and that both factors
must be considered when assessing 'efficiencies'.

elk

----------------------------------------------Elsen
L.Karstad, Nairobi Kenya<A
href="mailto:elk@wananchi.com">elk@wananchi.com<A
href="http://www.chardust.com/">http://www.chardust.com/

From adkarve at pn2.vsnl.net.in Mon May 7 00:40:57 2001
From: adkarve at pn2.vsnl.net.in (A.D. Karve)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
In-Reply-To: <002701c0d62e$90706aa0$7f41083e@pentium333>
Message-ID: <002801c0d6b2$05e6abe0$0782c7cb@vsnl.net.in>

Dear Elk,
a slow fire generally results in higher efficiency
than a vigorous fire. Some of our stoves, which give a boiling and
evaporation efficiency of about 28% at a firewood burning rate of 1 kg per hour,
give as high as 35% BEE with a lower burning rate. But we have been unable to
persuade our housewives to cook on a low fire. They want a vigorous fire,
because they want the water to boil earlier. Also, the baking of their
chapatis or bhakaris (unleavened, pancakelike, flat bread), is faster on a
vigorous fire than on a low fire. Thus a vigorous fire saves them time. If
you take into consideration the fact that a rural woman has not only to cook but
also to look after the children, look after the animals in the house, wash
clothes, fetch water, collect fuel, clean the house and the animal stalls, and
help the husband in the farm, she would not like any technology that takes a
longer time to complete the task than the one that she is currently using.

A.D.Karve

<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
----- Original Message -----
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black">From:
elk
To: <A href="mailto:stoves@crest.org"
title=stoves@crest.org>stoves@crest.org
Sent: Sunday, May 06, 2001 5:57 PM
Subject: efficiency V.S.....
?efficiency?

We ran and replicated a cooking comparison trial a couple
days ago:

Equipment:

- 750 gm each of regular hardwood lump charcoal and my
vendors waste briquettes (VWB)

- 2 identical ceramic lined 'improved jikos'; small
open-topped charcoal stoves

- 2 open 2.5 litre cap'y alu pots- no lids. Two litres of
water in each

- gap between pots and charcoal equal for both fuels at 3.5
cm.

Results:

- Lumpwood charcoal burn duration 1 hr. 44 min, water
evap. loss 1620 grams, residual ash 60 gm (8%)

- VWB burn duration 2 hr 15 min, water evap. loss 1820
grams, residual ash 222 grams (30%)

Interpretation:

It seems that the 22% higher ash content of VWB prolonged
the burn time by 25% evaporating 11% more water.

Cooking equipment being equal, it's apparent that rate of
energy release is as important as total energy delivered, and that both
factors must be considered when assessing 'efficiencies'.

elk

----------------------------------------------Elsen
L.Karstad, Nairobi Kenya<A
href="mailto:elk@wananchi.com">elk@wananchi.com<A
href="http://www.chardust.com/">http://www.chardust.com/

From GITONGA at itdg.or.ke Mon May 7 03:29:46 2001
From: GITONGA at itdg.or.ke (Stephen Gitonga)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
Message-ID: <FAB0B607D5E0D41195B700508BF3A3320435D9@14CCK4A059>

Dear Elk and All

The issue of stoves efficiency apart from being determined by issues you
have mentioned is also determined by what is being cooked/use. In East
Africa in general and Kenya in particular, the households cook different
types of foods which requires different fire and fuel type. This partly
explains where you raely find find one particular type of fuel or
cooker/stove fireplace in households in both urban and rural areas. There is
always the most commonly used one and an extra one for other uses depending
on circumstaces. For example when they are cooking maize and beans, they
would prefer a slow fire rather than a fast one(it takes minimum three hours
to cook maize and beans especially if they are not pre-soaked). In
peri-urban areas, they use charcaol for that or firewood in rural areas. I
would imagine therefore that they would prefer the VWB over lump charcaol.
In terms of efficiency therefore, a slow fire will be highly efficient for
slow cooking foods which cook for several hours and highly inefficinet for
very fast cooking foods ( frying of an egg for example or making tea) .The
point I am putting accross is that efficiency is a function of the technolgy
(fireplace, stove, hearth, fuel etc) and the use or pricatice of use( what
the technology is to be used for, the function, the practice of operating
the technolgy etc.). This is based on my experience in working with
communities in the East African region and also in the promotion of various
improved stoves.

Stephen Gitonga

-----Original Message-----
From: A.D. Karve [mailto:adkarve@pn2.vsnl.net.in]
Sent: 06 May 2001 18:49
To: elk
Cc: stoves@crest.org
Subject: Re: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?

Dear Elk,
a slow fire generally results in higher efficiency than a vigorous fire.
Some of our stoves, which give a boiling and evaporation efficiency of about
28% at a firewood burning rate of 1 kg per hour, give as high as 35% BEE
with a lower burning rate. But we have been unable to persuade our
housewives to cook on a low fire. They want a vigorous fire, because they
want the water to boil earlier. Also, the baking of their chapatis or
bhakaris (unleavened, pancakelike, flat bread), is faster on a vigorous fire
than on a low fire. Thus a vigorous fire saves them time. If you take into
consideration the fact that a rural woman has not only to cook but also to
look after the children, look after the animals in the house, wash clothes,
fetch water, collect fuel, clean the house and the animal stalls, and help
the husband in the farm, she would not like any technology that takes a
longer time to complete the task than the one that she is currently using.
A.D.Karve

----- Original Message -----
From: elk <mailto:elk@wananchi.com>
To: stoves@crest.org <mailto:stoves@crest.org>
Sent: Sunday, May 06, 2001 5:57 PM
Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?

We ran and replicated a cooking comparison trial a couple days ago:

Equipment:

- 750 gm each of regular hardwood lump charcoal and my vendors waste
briquettes (VWB)

- 2 identical ceramic lined 'improved jikos'; small open-topped charcoal
stoves

- 2 open 2.5 litre cap'y alu pots- no lids. Two litres of water in each

- gap between pots and charcoal equal for both fuels at 3.5 cm.

Results:

- Lumpwood charcoal burn duration 1 hr. 44 min, water evap. loss 1620 grams,
residual ash 60 gm (8%)

- VWB burn duration 2 hr 15 min, water evap. loss 1820 grams, residual ash
222 grams (30%)

Interpretation:

It seems that the 22% higher ash content of VWB prolonged the burn time by
25% evaporating 11% more water.

Cooking equipment being equal, it's apparent that rate of energy release is
as important as total energy delivered, and that both factors must be
considered when assessing 'efficiencies'.

elk

----------------------------------------------
Elsen L.Karstad, Nairobi Kenya
elk@wananchi.com <mailto:elk@wananchi.com>
http://www.chardust.com/ <http://www.chardust.com/>

-
Stoves List Archives and Website:
http://www.crest.org/discussion/stoves/current/
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Stoves.html

Stoves List Moderators:
Ron Larson, ronallarson@qwest.net
Alex English, english@adan.kingston.net

For information about CHAMBERS STOVES
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Chamber.htm

From elk at wananchi.com Mon May 7 05:46:56 2001
From: elk at wananchi.com (elk)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Boil, then simmer
Message-ID: <004301c0d6da$b8b295e0$4941083e@default>

Thanks for your comments Karve and
Gitonga.

Interestingly, it was the VWB that brought the
water to a boil first on both occasions.

The high ash content may be a burn extender and by
nature reduce heat output, but it only comes into play gradually as the burn
progresses. The initial heat is from the surface of the charcoal with no
inhibition.

elk
--------------------------Elsen L.
Karstadelk@wananchi.com<A
href="http://www.chardust.com">www.chardust.comNairobi
Kenya

From terran1 at bellsouth.net Mon May 7 09:00:47 2001
From: terran1 at bellsouth.net ( FREITAS)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
In-Reply-To: <FAB0B607D5E0D41195B700508BF3A3320435D9@14CCK4A059>
Message-ID: <004e01c0d6f5$e598c5a0$05d14dd8@compaqcomputer>

I agree with Mr. Gitonga, the efficiency of a stove is much more important
than its fuel,
most underdeveloped country use a lot of maiz, rice and beans and in Latin
America, yucca in their diet, and those item takes longer than 45 minutes to
cook, so any fuel and or stove have to be efficient enough to cook the
basic food of that culture. and when fuel is scarce no woman that I have
come in contact with will light a fire just for tea, she will take advantage
of the heat for other purpose. through our foundation, we work mostly in
south America, and the main complaint has been how often they have to
replace the fuel.

Working in Bolivia, Peru, and the northeaster part of Brazil, I have
observed that the woman will not want a real hot stove, but one with a
constant heat.

5 years ago, we were told of a very interesting method of making coffee, in
the desert areas of the northeast Brazil, when the Caboclo, ( that's what
the resident of the region is called) runs out of water, he will make coffee
from a plant, unfortunately at the moment can't recall its name, but this is
how it works. This plant produces a round root the size of a large melon,
inside is solid, so the caboclo with a spoon, will scrap the meat out of it,
and squeeze the water in and throw out the pulp, by the time he finishes
scooping, he will have a good liter of water, so now is the interesting
part, he will build a fire, and heat several stones, and as the stone
absorbs the heat will place them in the root, till the water is boiling, and
voila the famous coffee/soup from stone.

Regina Freitas

----- Original Message -----
From: "Stephen Gitonga" <GITONGA@itdg.or.ke>
To: "'A.D. Karve'" <adkarve@pn2.vsnl.net.in>; "elk" <elk@wananchi.com>
Cc: <stoves@crest.org>
Sent: Monday, May 07, 2001 3:28 AM
Subject: RE: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?

> Dear Elk and All
>
> The issue of stoves efficiency apart from being determined by issues you
> have mentioned is also determined by what is being cooked/use. In East
> Africa in general and Kenya in particular, the households cook different
> types of foods which requires different fire and fuel type. This partly
> explains where you raely find find one particular type of fuel or
> cooker/stove fireplace in households in both urban and rural areas. There
is
> always the most commonly used one and an extra one for other uses
depending
> on circumstaces. For example when they are cooking maize and beans, they
> would prefer a slow fire rather than a fast one(it takes minimum three
hours
> to cook maize and beans especially if they are not pre-soaked). In
> peri-urban areas, they use charcaol for that or firewood in rural areas. I
> would imagine therefore that they would prefer the VWB over lump charcaol.
> In terms of efficiency therefore, a slow fire will be highly efficient for
> slow cooking foods which cook for several hours and highly inefficinet for
> very fast cooking foods ( frying of an egg for example or making tea) .The
> point I am putting accross is that efficiency is a function of the
technolgy
> (fireplace, stove, hearth, fuel etc) and the use or pricatice of use( what
> the technology is to be used for, the function, the practice of operating
> the technolgy etc.). This is based on my experience in working with
> communities in the East African region and also in the promotion of
various
> improved stoves.
>
> Stephen Gitonga
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: A.D. Karve [mailto:adkarve@pn2.vsnl.net.in]
> Sent: 06 May 2001 18:49
> To: elk
> Cc: stoves@crest.org
> Subject: Re: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
>
>
> Dear Elk,
> a slow fire generally results in higher efficiency than a vigorous fire.
> Some of our stoves, which give a boiling and evaporation efficiency of
about
> 28% at a firewood burning rate of 1 kg per hour, give as high as 35% BEE
> with a lower burning rate. But we have been unable to persuade our
> housewives to cook on a low fire. They want a vigorous fire, because they
> want the water to boil earlier. Also, the baking of their chapatis or
> bhakaris (unleavened, pancakelike, flat bread), is faster on a vigorous
fire
> than on a low fire. Thus a vigorous fire saves them time. If you take
into
> consideration the fact that a rural woman has not only to cook but also to
> look after the children, look after the animals in the house, wash
clothes,
> fetch water, collect fuel, clean the house and the animal stalls, and help
> the husband in the farm, she would not like any technology that takes a
> longer time to complete the task than the one that she is currently using.
> A.D.Karve
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: elk <mailto:elk@wananchi.com>
> To: stoves@crest.org <mailto:stoves@crest.org>
> Sent: Sunday, May 06, 2001 5:57 PM
> Subject: efficiency V.S..... ?efficiency?
>
> We ran and replicated a cooking comparison trial a couple days ago:
>
> Equipment:
>
> - 750 gm each of regular hardwood lump charcoal and my vendors waste
> briquettes (VWB)
>
> - 2 identical ceramic lined 'improved jikos'; small open-topped charcoal
> stoves
>
> - 2 open 2.5 litre cap'y alu pots- no lids. Two litres of water in each
>
> - gap between pots and charcoal equal for both fuels at 3.5 cm.
>
> Results:
>
> - Lumpwood charcoal burn duration 1 hr. 44 min, water evap. loss 1620
grams,
> residual ash 60 gm (8%)
>
> - VWB burn duration 2 hr 15 min, water evap. loss 1820 grams, residual ash
> 222 grams (30%)
>
> Interpretation:
>
> It seems that the 22% higher ash content of VWB prolonged the burn time by
> 25% evaporating 11% more water.
>
> Cooking equipment being equal, it's apparent that rate of energy release
is
> as important as total energy delivered, and that both factors must be
> considered when assessing 'efficiencies'.
>
> elk
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------
> Elsen L.Karstad, Nairobi Kenya
> elk@wananchi.com <mailto:elk@wananchi.com>
> http://www.chardust.com/ <http://www.chardust.com/>
>
>
>
>
> -
> Stoves List Archives and Website:
> http://www.crest.org/discussion/stoves/current/
> http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Stoves.html
>
> Stoves List Moderators:
> Ron Larson, ronallarson@qwest.net
> Alex English, english@adan.kingston.net
>
> Sponsor the Stoves List: http://www.crest.org/discuss3.html
> -
> Other Biomass Stoves Events and Information:
> http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/bioam/
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>
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>
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From terran1 at bellsouth.net Thu May 10 15:07:44 2001
From: terran1 at bellsouth.net ( FREITAS)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: analises
Message-ID: <006201c0d984$a03aea60$9cd44dd8@compaqcomputer>

Hello Stovers,

Our briquete project
is coming along wonderfully, however, a large end users have
requested a test called NORM STN, I am in need to find a laboratory or
some one who can perform such a test, (NORM STN) to test for volatiles in
our briquette and its response to high heat furnace, etc, etc, we need a
complete commercial analises, all the laboratories that I contacted, were
unfamiliar with our request. Does any of you WIZZES know of a
labooratory, or a person who can analise it for us, or can anyone at
stoves perform such a test?

We are in need of two
totally unbiased and neutral opinions. Dr Larson, Mr. Reed, anyone
Heeeeelp!!!

Thank you for your
prompt reply.

Regina
Freitas

TERRAN TRADING COMPANY

3001 SOUTH OCEAN DRIVE SUITE 3X

HOLLYWOOD, FLORIDA, 33019

954-923-9194 - VOICE

954-924-9066 - FAX
 <A
href="mailto:terran1@bellsouth.net">terran1@bellsouth.net
my electronic address here at the main office

<A
href="mailto:console5@terra.com.br">console5@terra.com.br my
address in Brazil

From tmiles at trmiles.com Fri May 11 12:51:06 2001
From: tmiles at trmiles.com (Tom Miles)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: analises
In-Reply-To: <006201c0d984$a03aea60$9cd44dd8@compaqcomputer>
Message-ID: <4.3.2.7.2.20010511094750.02d42b30@mail.teleport.com>

Regina,

Contact Gerry Cunninghams at Hazen Research cunninghamgh@hazenusa.com Do
you have a better description of the standard? Is it European or US?

Thanks

Tom Miles

At 02:56 PM 5/10/01 -0400, FREITAS wrote:
>Hello Stovers,
>
> Our briquete project is coming along wonderfully, however,
> a large end users have requested a test called NORM STN, I am in need
> to find a laboratory or some one who can perform such a test, (NORM STN)
> to test for volatiles in our briquette and its response to high heat
> furnace, etc, etc, we need a complete commercial analises, all the
> laboratories that I contacted, were unfamiliar with our request. Does any
> of you WIZZES know of a labooratory, or a person who can analise it
> for us, or can anyone at stoves perform such a test?
>
> We are in need of two totally unbiased and neutral opinions. Dr
> Larson, Mr. Reed, anyone Heeeeelp!!!
>
> Thank you for your prompt reply.
>
> Regina Freitas
> TERRAN TRADING COMPANY
> 3001 SOUTH OCEAN DRIVE SUITE 3X
> HOLLYWOOD, FLORIDA, 33019
> 954-923-9194 - VOICE
> 954-924-9066 - FAX
> <mailto:terran1@bellsouth.net>terran1@bellsouth.net my
> electronic address here at the main office
> <mailto:console5@terra.com.br>console5@terra.com.br my
> address in Brazil
>
>
>
>

Thomas R Miles tmiles@trmiles.com
T R Miles, TCI Tel 503-292-0107
1470 SW Woodward Way Fax 503-292-2919
Portland, OR 97225 USA

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From psanders at ilstu.edu Fri May 11 19:33:57 2001
From: psanders at ilstu.edu (Paul S. Anderson)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!
Message-ID: <4.3.1.2.20010511182215.00ddc7c0@mail.ilstu.edu>

Greetings,

In order to replicate Tom Reed's most recent small IDD stove, but at lower
costs, I find that I need a source of forced air.

Tom uses a nifty little blower fan that runs on small batteries.

I want something simpler and less costly.

Tom told me that I need to blow about 3 cubic meters of air into the stove
for his impressive IDD stove, and I have found that a tire inner tube is
far short of enough air or pressure.

I am turning to "fans".

Specifically, does anyone know of a small fan / blower arrangement that
could be powered by the (surplus) heat of the stove? I do NOT want an
"engine" that takes the heat and makes electricity that drives an
electrical blower. That would be far too costly for my intended user, the
woman cooking a meal in the hut.

Or is there a "mechanical" fan that will run for 15 to 40 minutes by some
other cheap energy such as a pullied-weight pulling on a rope that rotates
the fan?

Open for suggestions.

Paul (the guy going to Mozambique and South Africa in July).

Paul S. Anderson, Ph.D., Fulbright Prof. to Mozambique 8/99 - 7/00
Dept of Geography - Geology (Box 4400), Illinois State University
Normal, IL 61790-4400 Voice: 309-438-7360; FAX: 309-438-5310
E-mail: psanders@ilstu.edu - Internet items: www.ilstu.edu/~psanders

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From adkarve at pn2.vsnl.net.in Fri May 11 20:31:36 2001
From: adkarve at pn2.vsnl.net.in (A.D. Karve)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!
In-Reply-To: <4.3.1.2.20010511182215.00ddc7c0@mail.ilstu.edu>
Message-ID: <000d01c0da7d$13c7c400$4482c7cb@vsnl.net.in>

Dear Paul,
I have seen hand operated blowers that are used in tea stalls and also by
blacksmiths and metal workers in India, to provide additional air to their
stoves. The blower consists of a finned wheel mounted vertically in a
casing. One turns the wheel by turning a handle. There must be some gear
arrangement in it, becasue the wheel rotates at a much faster rate than the
rate at which the handle is turned. The contraption has a spout, through
which comes out a steady blast of air, when the handle is rotated.
A.D.Karve
----- Original Message -----
From: Paul S. Anderson <psanders@ilstu.edu>
To: Tom Reed <reedtb2@cs.com>; <stoves@crest.org>
Sent: Saturday, May 12, 2001 5:08 AM
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!

> Greetings,
>
> In order to replicate Tom Reed's most recent small IDD stove, but at lower
> costs, I find that I need a source of forced air.
>
> Tom uses a nifty little blower fan that runs on small batteries.
>
> I want something simpler and less costly.
>
> Tom told me that I need to blow about 3 cubic meters of air into the stove
> for his impressive IDD stove, and I have found that a tire inner tube is
> far short of enough air or pressure.
>
> I am turning to "fans".
>
> Specifically, does anyone know of a small fan / blower arrangement that
> could be powered by the (surplus) heat of the stove? I do NOT want an
> "engine" that takes the heat and makes electricity that drives an
> electrical blower. That would be far too costly for my intended user, the
> woman cooking a meal in the hut.
>
> Or is there a "mechanical" fan that will run for 15 to 40 minutes by some
> other cheap energy such as a pullied-weight pulling on a rope that rotates
> the fan?
>
> Open for suggestions.
>
> Paul (the guy going to Mozambique and South Africa in July).
>
>
>
> Paul S. Anderson, Ph.D., Fulbright Prof. to Mozambique 8/99 - 7/00
> Dept of Geography - Geology (Box 4400), Illinois State University
> Normal, IL 61790-4400 Voice: 309-438-7360; FAX: 309-438-5310
> E-mail: psanders@ilstu.edu - Internet items: www.ilstu.edu/~psanders
>
>
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>
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>
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From dstill at epud.net Sat May 12 01:43:33 2001
From: dstill at epud.net (Dean Still)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!
Message-ID: <000801c0d971$0be283e0$37acefd8@default>

Dear Paul and Stovers,

We've been over this ground again and again at Aprovecho. Gasification is
way too finicky for use in most places. Heck, it's hard to get approval from
folks for small changes in their primary technology: their cooking stove.
Direct burning of fuel can be as clean as gasification, add a fan. Direct
burning is easier to accomplish, cheaper, much better suited to most places
that use wood for cooking. Gasification is great for folks who like to fuss
around with inventions. Or when their's a paid attendant close by: Great for
making electricity, powering a sawmill or even a car, if you don't have
cleaner burning fuels.

Tom's stoves are great, and gasification is an entrancing subject, well
worth pursuing. But when we're forced to look for complicated fans and MORE
AIR!, to get the thing to function, or when (1) electricity, or (2) dried
fuel, or (3) batch feeding, or (4) difficulty in lighting, or (5) having to
deal with left over charcoal (a product of incomplete combustion) aren't
acceptable, our experience brings us back to direct burning. Paul, the best
solution to more air that we've come up with is a simple steam driven fan.
Contact me for details, if you wish.

How can we design direct burning stoves that are fuel efficient and reduce
emissions?

The combustion chamber is insulated in order to keep the fire hot (above
1,200 F.) to burn the wood more completely, reducing smoke which is
uncombusted fuel.

The combustion chamber and interior stove parts are as insulative and light
weight as possible. Mass in contact with hot flue gases absorbs heat that
could have been used for cooking.

A short insulated interior chimney placed above the fire creates a strong
draft that helps the wood to burn fiercely and cleanly. It also makes the
stove easier to light and to use, assisting a small fire to continue
burning. When possible, adding a fan to a Rocket type stove creates a small
blast furnace that is exceptionally clean burning and even more fuel
efficient. In practice, fans are hard to make practical, in most
non-industrial settings.

The wood is burned at the tips and is shoved in towards the fire, which
helps to meter the fuel, reducing smoke.

The air/fuel mixture is regulated. A small opening is provided for incoming
air. Too much air just cools the fire.

The incoming air is preheated to some degree which helps to keep the fire
above 1,200 F. for more complete combustion.

A skirt surrounds the pot on all sides. A small gap between the skirt and
the pot ( around a ¼ of an inch ) forces hot flue gases to scrape against
the sides of the pot which greatly increases heat transfer. The heat
contacts the sides of the pot as well as the bottom. Insulating the skirt
decreases heat loss.

Since the stove operates at very high temperatures, there can be almost no
smoke and it is possible to cook directly on top of the chimney. The intense
heat, in contact with the pot, increases efficient heat transfer. The
decreased emissions create fewer respiratory problems. (Rocket stoves use
external chimneys except where chimneys are not possible options.)

Getting More Heat into the Pot

The good stove saves fuel by forcing more of the heat into the pot(s).
Forcing hot gases to rub against the pot dramatically increases fuel
efficiency. Increasing combustion efficiency helps to reduce emissions but
making sure that heat scrapes against as much of the pot(s) surface area as
possible determines to a large degree the fuel efficiency of the stove.

The important things that increase heat transfer to the pot(s) are:

1.) To force the heat to rub against the outside of the pot(s) by creating
small channels with narrow gaps that follow the contour of the pot(s).

2.) Insulate everywhere around the fire except where it touches the pot(s).

3.) Get the pot near to the hot flames. The intense heat is much better at
heating food than moderate heat.

4.) Increase the conductivity of the pot(s) if possible, i.e., use metal
pots rather than ceramic.

5.) Increase the speed of the heat as it hits the pots. Faster hot flue
gases punch through the still air that surrounds the pot(s).

Earth is not insulation.

In older Lorena type earthen stoves the fire and subsequent heat is in
direct contact with the heavy earthen walls. Heat is diverted as the heavy
stove walls rob heat from the pot. Also the fire itself is uninsulated. The
heavy walls around the fire cool the fire, causing smoke. In many older
stoves the heat is not forced to rub against the pots. Instead, hot flue
gases flow past the pots in big spaces and most of the heat escapes without
cooking food.

Before experiments proved that we were wrong, Aprovecho stove designers
thought that earth was good insulation. We did not understand the difference
between mass and insulation. Good insulation is made up of little pockets of
air separated from other tiny pockets of air by a light weight relatively
non conductive material. Wood ash, pumice rock, perlite, vermiculite, dead
air spaces, etc. are good insulators.

Earth, especially rammed Lorena mix, doesn’t contain pockets of air. Good
insulation slows down the passage of heat. Heavy dense things do the
opposite; they absorb heat. Air is very, very light and cannot absorb a lot
of heat. Heat passes much more slowly through separated pockets of air than
through packed earth.

Instead of using placing sand and clay near the fire now, Aprovecho
designers use natural insulation, like wood ash or pumice rock. And instead
of allowing the heat to flow past the pots, the new designs force the hot
flue gases to rub against the pot surface, which greatly increases heat
transfer to the pot. These design principles are evident in the New Lorena
design, the Polish stove, the Justa, etc...All of which share Rocket family
characteristics.

Anyone desiring more details on these types of stoves can check out the
Aprovecho home page at www.efn.org/~apro . The Capturing Heat booklets
describe how to make many types of stoves that share the same design
principles.

All the best,

Dean Still
Aprovecho

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From elk at wananchi.com Sat May 12 02:27:04 2001
From: elk at wananchi.com (elk)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!
In-Reply-To: <4.3.1.2.20010511182215.00ddc7c0@mail.ilstu.edu>
Message-ID: <004501c0daab$7a1a9880$5c41083e@pentium333>

Hi Paul;

If you must resort to an electrical source, I use a small 'biscuit fan' that
runs off 12V- a small matched solar panel and small gell-cell provides cheap
power for years. Look in your PC- it's the 3 inch dia. power supply cooling
fan.

Pentium processors have biscuit fans as well, but are about half the size
and too small (from my experience) to provide enough air flow for a stove.
Works a treat in a tin can attached to the side of my ceramic lined charcoal
'jiko'.

These fans have many advantages being relatively heat proof, mega-mass
produced (cheap), efficient and robust. The have some circuitry that makes
them relatively idiot-proof, and can only rotate in one direction- reversing
polarity doesn't damage- they just don't work.

This is the sort of thing that could be salvaged in quantity for next to
nothing from developed country's scrap heaps I bet.

elk
----------------------------------------------
Elsen L.Karstad, Nairobi Kenya
elk@wananchi.com
http://www.chardust.com/

----- Original Message -----
From: Paul S. Anderson <psanders@ilstu.edu>
To: Tom Reed <reedtb2@cs.com>; <stoves@crest.org>
Sent: Saturday, May 12, 2001 2:38 AM
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!

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From k5dale at yahoo.com Sat May 12 12:27:14 2001
From: k5dale at yahoo.com (Dale)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Heat Exchangers in Masonry Wood stoves
Message-ID: <a05010400b72313d01c54@[213.22.4.59]>

stoves

Is there anyone
out there who has a good knowledge of heat exchangers as used in wood
or coal burning stoves?

I want trying to install a heat exchanger in a wood masonry stove. The
heat would then be used to preheat water in an under-floor heating
system., and/or for household hot water.
But there are lots of problems with
this.
1. The water must not be too hot or
the under-floor pipes will deteriorate, or so I am told. (50 deg. C is
normally maximum operating temperature)
I cannot use outside cold water to
cool it if it gets too hot because the under-floor system contains
glycol and that would be diluted.
2. What happens when the stove is
burning and the under-floor heating is not is use. (This would be
normal during the summer or if a thermostat decided that the floor was
warm enough)
With no water flowing through the
heat exchanger, the water in would boil. I cannot allow the glycol
mixture to boil away, and if there is no water in the heat exchanger
would that not damage the exchanger?

I have seen a commercial system with a separate cold water jacket to
cool the copper exchanger coils if it gets too hot, but this is
expensive, and requires an electric pump to pump the cold water. We
have frequent electric outages in the winter.l
Can you advise me on this, or tell me where to go for such
advice.

Also, please note that this question relates to a farm owned by a
foundation in NE Poland. This property is available free to groups who
would like to use it for ecology or educational projects involving
young children. Some funds are sometimes available to support
this.
If you are aware of anyone with
interest in this, please have them contact me.
Sincerely,
R.
Roberts

More details on
the heating system of the building in question follows:
A few years ago I purchased an abandoned
farm in NE Poland. In this area all the rural homes are heated by
masonry wood/coal stoves. The effectiveness of these stoves amazed
me.
Now I have built a new house on our
property and am installing a wood heating stove, a wood cooking stove,
and a fireplace.

The stoves will be built by a local farmer/stove
builder.

In addition to the stoves the house was designed for a deep well heat
exchanger and under-floor heating. At the last minute however, I have
substituted an electric boiler for the heat exchanger because no one
in the world of heat exchangers could explain to me what to do to keep
the heat exchanger from being destroyed when the house froze in the
winter as is likely since it will not be lived in all year round.
(glycol could protect the secondary side, but the well side would
require additional heat exchangers below the frost level, and even if
that is cost effective, no one could tell me the efficiency, or say
that they had actual experience with this sort of
problem)

The under floor heating system is filled with a water-glycol
mix.

Although the stoves will provide most of the house's heat, I find
the under-floor heating very comfortable, and will want to use that
also. In order to reduce the electric costs, I would like to install a
heat exchanger in one of the stoves, preferably the kitchen stove,
(because it is traditionally kept burning all day), and use this heat
exchanger to heat the water-glycol mixture as it returns to the
electric boiler, thus reducing the amount of heating that the electric
boiler must provide.

From lanny at roman.net Sat May 12 17:38:24 2001
From: lanny at roman.net (Lanny Henson)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Why not an oven?
Message-ID: <005b01c0db2b$8fe378a0$0dba3cd0@default>

Why not an oven?
There has been discussion of a skirt enclosure around a pot to improve
efficiency and there has been talk about an exhaust hood above a stove to catch
offensive fumes. Why not connect a hood to a side enclosure around a
stove? But them you have an oven. I could see some advantages of an oven.
Hot gases are contained and have more time to contact the item to be cooked.
With cooking chamber that is enclosed, sealed and insulated you can get enough
draft so that you will not need a fan. The smoke is contained and can be
exhausted to the outside. You could can also cook low and slow (barbecue).
Just a few thoughts, I am a sheet metal fabricator in Rome, Georgia USA
Lanny Henson

From dstill at epud.net Sat May 12 22:48:39 2001
From: dstill at epud.net (Dean Still)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Why not an oven?
Message-ID: <001201c0db19$900fe500$7aacefd8@default>

Dear Lanny,

Great! Yeah, enclosing the whole pot, forcing hot flue gases
to scrape against bottom, sides and top, gets stove efficiency over 40% if heat
isn't lost into the stove body. The gap between the skirt and pot is really
important. It has to be really small, like a quarter inch or so, for optimum
heating. (Having said that we usually trade ease of use for efficiency and open
up the gap so that it doesn't clog so easily. Larry, the Aprovecho stove
designer, most often uses 1/2 inch.)

Ovens are great, especially larger ones, because there is
enough surface area that exit temperatures out of the oven (up the chimney) can
get down to around 250F or so which is pretty good. The big problem with cooking
stoves is that the one little pot doesn't usually use up enough heat. Exit
temperatures out of the skirt can be 500F or more which is incredibly wasteful.
Nice to use two or three pots, stacked or in a row, to use up more of the heat
for its intended purpose. Cooks often like fires that are bigger than needed. (I
drive a truck with too large an engine, as well.)

Enclosing the top of the pot as well as the sides does
increase the heat transfer efficiency to the pot, as you suggest. The problem is
that some cooks like easier access to the pot. Opening the oven door also
releases the smoke into the room. Sealing the skirt around the sides of the pot
(under the top of the pot) allows a chimney, that pierces the side of the skirt,
to remove smoke while cooks get to open the pot lid normally.

For example, cut a hole in the top of a five gallon metal
container to admit the pot, close fit. Hopefully, the pot leaves a nice small
gap between pot and inside of the metal container. We use a L shaped combustion
chamber to direct the flame at the pot, insulate around the fire to improve
combustion, etc. The chimney can exit the container wherever you like, even from
the bottom. For safety and improved performance you can insulate around the
container. This is a efficient stove, simple and removes all smoke from the
kitchen.

Ovens can be really efficient. We once cooked 66 pounds of
bread using 11 pounds of wood and one of these days with a bit of tweaking I'll
bet that someone could at least double that ratio. I'll send you a plan for a
low mass, insulated oven, if you want. Maybe you could improve it and make a
prototype out of sheetmetal? Imagine using very few pounds of wood to bake 60
pounds of bread!

We usually use 55 gallon drums for the metal
cylinders...

Best,

Dean
Aprovecho Research Center
www.efn.org/~apro

From andrew.heggie at dtn.ntl.com Sun May 13 12:36:19 2001
From: andrew.heggie at dtn.ntl.com (Andrew Heggie)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Air!! My stove needs air!!
In-Reply-To: <000801c0d971$0be283e0$37acefd8@default>
Message-ID: <8octftcnvg7nalvs59t3dqcvreqffspofn@4ax.com>

On Thu, 10 May 2001 09:47:08 -0700, Dean wrote:

> Paul, the best
>solution to more air that we've come up with is a simple steam driven fan.
>Contact me for details, if you wish.

Dean as a dilettante with regards to the needs of biomass cooking and
someone with a commercial interest in biomass combustion in UK, a
country where I can see an economic benefit in utilising an under
rated resource but whose ability to supply current energy wants is
very limited, can I join in the discussion? Whilst having read the
list these last months I have only just been re subscribed to post to
it. I think all your comments make sense.

Any chance of sharing this steam fan with the list, a simple steam
eductor has been mooted before. I can see how either would work but
cannot grasp how to measure the benefit over the cost of producing
steam.

I could envisage a simple eductor working at a pressure equal to a
head of water from a can a few inches above the steam outlet. The
steam could be super heated in a coil of steel brake pipe ejecting
through a converging nozzle similar to a bunsen burner, but what would
the mass flow entrained be? We see about 15:1 in a gas stove with a
very low gas pressure. The heat cost would be that in the latent heat
of water consumed, plus the superheat up to the flue outlet
temperature. How would we calculate it's benefit?

Alternatively I could see a simple fan sitting in the flue with water
in the hub and steam driven off at the periphery, like "Hero's??
Turbine" a greek steam to rotary motion device.

With hard water both these devices may block with scale.
>
>How can we design direct burning stoves that are fuel efficient and reduce
>emissions?
>
>The combustion chamber is insulated in order to keep the fire hot (above
>1,200 F.) to burn the wood more completely, reducing smoke which is
>uncombusted fuel.

Yes I have found it necessary to maintain combustion chamber
temperature above the spontaneous combustion temperature to avoid
flame outs.

>
>The combustion chamber and interior stove parts are as insulative and light
>weight as possible. Mass in contact with hot flue gases absorbs heat that
>could have been used for cooking.
>
>A short insulated interior chimney placed above the fire creates a strong
>draft that helps the wood to burn fiercely and cleanly. It also makes the
>stove easier to light and to use, assisting a small fire to continue
>burning. When possible, adding a fan to a Rocket type stove creates a small
>blast furnace that is exceptionally clean burning and even more fuel
>efficient. In practice, fans are hard to make practical, in most
>non-industrial settings.

However you do acknowledge their benefits in providing turbulence and
even your well insulated but short chimney is only capable of
producing limited draught. The better the fuel the less need for added
turbulence and residence time.
>
>The wood is burned at the tips and is shoved in towards the fire, which
>helps to meter the fuel, reducing smoke.

Yes this is very much the case, essentially you are matching the fuel
feed to the air feed. This is possible with sticks. Less conveniently
shaped fuels need something to feed them into the combustion chamber.
>
>The air/fuel mixture is regulated. A small opening is provided for incoming
>air. Too much air just cools the fire.

Yes, the temperature of the flue gases is determined by the calorific
value of the fuel divided by the mass flow. The biggest part of the
mass flow is combustion air. Reducing this to as near to
stoichiometric as possible to secure non polluting combustion must
maximise heat transfer, however the amount of excess air required for
this appears to vary with the combustibility of the fuel.

As an aside I find it interesting that mexican pottery bread ovens
(chimenea) have become a fad here as patio heaters, to extend the time
an outdoor evening party is comfortable.

I had long ago adapted the idd concept for this use burning assorted
gardening arisings. Unfortunately it is not available to me at the
moment, it is the home of a family of blue tits.
AJH

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From ovencrft at nbn.com Sun May 13 20:55:41 2001
From: ovencrft at nbn.com (Alan Scott)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: why not an oven
Message-ID: <3.0.6.32.20010514042149.008ed170@mail.nbn.com>

Yes why not an oven I say, insulated fuel efficient, economical so long as
all the heat is used for something.
ALAN SCOTT
Check out the web site for OVENCRAFTERS at http://www.nbn.com/~ovncraft

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From karve at wmi.co.in Sun May 13 23:41:27 2001
From: karve at wmi.co.in (Priyadarshini Karve)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: oven
Message-ID: <000f01c0dc29$c41a4640$172033ca@karve>

Stovers,
My colleagues and I have been
playing with the oven concept for quite some time now. I had always found one
thing puzzling- An ordinary oven (operated on gas, electricity, fossil fuels or
biomass) is used just for baking, roasting, etc., however, a box type solar
cooker, which is based on the same concept, is used for all these operations, as
well as for cooking rice, pulses, vegetables, etc. Why can't we use our ordinary
ovens in the same manner as a solar cooker? It was this question that led us to
the ICMIC cooker (which can work both as a steamer and as an oven), a device
that was discussed at length a few weeks back. We are also experimenting with a
box type solar cooker modified to work on a charcoal stove. 
There is no doubt that an
oven is an excellent energy saving device. However, there are two major
limitations.
1. There are several food items that require
adding ingredients at specific intervals during the cooking process, continuous
stirring, etc. An oven is not convenient for such food items. Operations like
deep frying, baking roti or chapati (traditional unleavened bread which is the
main food item in most parts of India), etc., are not possible in an oven. Thus,
the kitchen must have another cookstove for such operations.
2. The size of the oven restricts the sizes
(minimum as well as maximum) of the cooking vessels that can be used in
it.
In India, the attempt to
introduce box type solar cookers has failed miserably, both in rural and urban
areas. A number of reasons are sited for this, including the two limitations
mentioned above.
 In our modified ICMIC cooker, we have made a provision
to detach the oven part from the stove part so that the same cookstove can also
be used for the cooking operations that cannot be carried out in the oven.
However, this is not really a scientifically satisfying solution. Any
suggestions?
Regards,
Priyadarshini
Karve

Dr. Priyadarshini KarveLecturer in Physics, Sinhgad College of Engineering,
Pune, India.Member, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute, Pune,
India.Founder Member, Sandarbh, Pune, India.

Address for correspondence: 6, Koyna Apartments,
S.No.133, Kothrud, Pune 411 029, IndiaPhone:
91-020-5442217/5423258E-mail: <A
href="mailto:karve@wmi.co.in">karve@wmi.co.in / <A
href="mailto:adkarve@pn2.vsnl.net.in">adkarve@pn2.vsnl.net.in

From skohli at mech.iitd.ernet.in Mon May 14 03:44:26 2001
From: skohli at mech.iitd.ernet.in (Dr. Sangeeta Kohli )
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: modelling of bed pyrolysis
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0105141241070.6322-100000@netearth.iitd.ac.in>

I am looking for some pertinent information regarding bed pyrolysis of
wood considering the entire bed as one combustion unit instead of
considering a single wood particle and modelling the kinetics of the
system.
Thanking you in advance,
Rajesh Gupta
email add: gupta_rjp@hotmail.com

ps ; I have been trying to send this message from my area but it always
bounces back. I hope it reaches this time.

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From english at adan.kingston.net Mon May 14 07:29:39 2001
From: english at adan.kingston.net (*.English)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:52 2004
Subject: Webpage update
Message-ID: <200105141129.HAA14200@adan.kingston.net>

Dear Stovers,
You can now view some images of agricultural residue briquettes and
their use, courtesy of Richard Stanley of the Legacy Foundation. The
links are under the NEW section of the stoves webpage.

Alex

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From jovick at island.net Mon May 14 11:50:39 2001
From: jovick at island.net (John Flottvik)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:53 2004
Subject: Charcoal Plant
Message-ID: <000501c0dc72$956b6600$6fb8fea9@computer>

May 14, 2001

Dear Mathew, Ron and Stovers.

Enclosed as an attachment ( I hope ) is some
information on our charcoal plant. I realize most stoves discussions revolve
around
smaller projects, however, our environmentally
clean way of making charcoal might interest, and work well in developing
countries.

Best Regards

John Flottvik

Magazine Article (2).exe

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From owen at africaonline.co.ke Tue May 15 01:48:24 2001
From: owen at africaonline.co.ke (Matthew Owen)
Date: Tue Aug 31 21:36:53 2004
Subject: Charcoal Plant
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BioEnergy Lists: Improved Biomass Cooking Stoves

May 2001 Biomass Cooking Stoves Archive