Fuel Properties

Annex III - (b) Measuring fuelwood and charcoal
Keith Openshaw, FAO

1. Fuelwood

1.1 Average bundle size

Dry Fuel Equivalent Calculator
Crispin and Nigel Pemberton-Pigott, October 2007

Emissions from Residential Wood Combustion: Effect of Moisture on Emissions (1.3 MB pdf)
Fernando Preto, Canmet Energy Technology Center (Canada), Paris, October 21, 2005

The Fuel Composition-Conversion Diagram (pdf)
The Equivalence Ratio: The Key to Understanding Pyrolysis, Combustion and Gasification of fuels (pdf)

Biomass Energy Conversion Factors
USDOE Biomass Feedstock Program ORNL

The following are links to Web sites we have found useful (many universities worldwide maintain good guides and conversion calculator pages):

What Factors Influence Charcoal Quality?
Tom Miles

Temperature

100C -> Wood drying 19 MJ/kg

220C -> Wood becomes brown
250-270C-> Torrefaction 28% fixed carbon, 72% volatile 23.9 MJ/kg
280C -> Wood becomes deep brown-black

Cooking Fuel Options (pdf) Help Guide Sudan
United Nations Joint Logistic Center UNJLC Khartoum - Sudan

USEFUL LINKS FOR BIOMASS FUEL PROPERTIES

BIOBIB, A Database for Biofuels, University of Technology, Vienna

PHYLLIS Database Biomass and Waste ECN, Novem

Proximate and Ultimate Analysis of Fuel
Biomass Energy Foundation

Understanding Wood Wastes as Fuel TECHNICAL PAPER #46
Jon Vogler, VITA, Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Arlington, Virginia 22209 USA 1986